呂吉爾
單項(xiàng)選擇題在英語試卷上占的分量較重,考查的內(nèi)容大體可分為如下五類:基礎(chǔ)語法知識(shí)、習(xí)語及慣用搭配、詞語辨析、邏輯推理和情景交際用語。其中情景交際類題目難度較大,不僅涉及語法和詞匯知識(shí),同時(shí)還涉及思維方式、語言習(xí)慣、文化差異等因素。筆者精心總結(jié)了此類題目中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一些“陷阱”并加以解析,希望可以幫助同學(xué)們輕松避開“陷阱”,獲得高分。
陷阱一:母語思維定勢(shì)
英語和漢語屬于兩個(gè)不同的語系,差異較大。受母語影響,同學(xué)們常常會(huì)按照漢語的思維解答英語試題,從而造成失分。
例1Come and see me whenever _______.
A. you are convenient
B. youll be convenient
C. it is convenient to you
D. it will be convenient to you
解析: 答案為C。很多同學(xué)誤選了A,因?yàn)樗?“無論什么時(shí)候,只要你方便就來看我”的漢語表達(dá)方式。但在英語中,convenient一詞的主語常用代詞it而不用指人的代詞。
例2—Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?
—_______.
A. I dont believe
B. I dont believe it
C. I believe not so
D. I believe not
解析: 答案為D。以Do you think... 這樣的句子來提問,用D項(xiàng)的回答表示否定,顯然不符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。許多同學(xué)以漢語思維習(xí)慣來答題,誤選了A項(xiàng)或B項(xiàng),從而掉進(jìn)了“陷阱”。
例3—Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now.
—OK._______.
A. Take it easy
B. Go slowly
C. Stay longer
D. See you
解析: 答案為D。中國人在送客時(shí)總是說“慢走”,但英語國家的人是說“再見”。
陷阱二:交際習(xí)慣差異
對(duì)別人向自己請(qǐng)求幫助,或向別人提出請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)的情景問題,同學(xué)們往往會(huì)選出過于直接、不夠委婉的答案。這樣的答案盡管語意正確,但不符合英語國家的交際習(xí)慣和得體原則。
例4—Next Monday is my birthday.
—Is that so?
—Thank you.
A. I cant believe my ears.
B. Im so glad to hear that.
C. What presents do you want?
D. Many happy returns of the day!
解析: 答案為D。在祝賀別人生日快樂時(shí),英語中習(xí)慣用many happy returns (of the day)來表達(dá)“祝您長(zhǎng)壽;祝您生日快樂”的意思。
例5—Betty was feeling pretty blue for a while, but shes better now.
—_______.
A. Oh, thats kind of you
B. Congratulations
C. Its my pleasure
D. Oh, Im glad to hear that
解析: 答案為D。當(dāng)聽到令人高興的事情時(shí),英語中習(xí)慣用Im glad to hear that來回答。B項(xiàng)用于祝賀別人取得成功、成績(jī)、成就或者獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。
例6—“Could we put off the meeting?” she asked.
—“_______,” he answered politely, “This is the only day everyone is available.”
A. Not likely B. Not exactly
C. Not nearly D. Not really
解析: 答案為D。按照英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,在表達(dá)否定的意思時(shí),為了避免語氣生硬,常用not really和Im afraid not之類的表達(dá)方式。
陷阱三: 近似用語混淆
當(dāng)選項(xiàng)在內(nèi)容、形式等方面接近或相似時(shí),就會(huì)形成阻礙同學(xué)們得分的“陷阱”。
例7—Our team will play against the Rockets this weekend. Im sure we will win.
—_______!
A. Congratulations
B. Cheers
C. Best wishes
D. Good luck
解析: 答案為D。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可用來表示良好的祝愿。A項(xiàng)用于祝賀已取得的成功;B項(xiàng)用于祝酒,意為“祝你健康”;C項(xiàng)多用于寫信時(shí)表示“問候”;D項(xiàng)意為“祝你好運(yùn),祝你成功”。
例8 —How about going fishing?
—_______, I have no patience for that.
A. Excuse me
B. Pardon
C. Sorry
D. Apologize
解析: 答案為C。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“對(duì)不起;抱歉”的含義,但使用場(chǎng)合不同。A項(xiàng)用于事情發(fā)生前,相當(dāng)于漢語中“勞駕”“借光”等意思;B項(xiàng)是沒聽清對(duì)方話語,要求重復(fù)時(shí)的用語;C項(xiàng)用于道歉或拒絕;D項(xiàng)為動(dòng)詞,一般不單獨(dú)使用。
例9—I really didnt know how to thank you enough.
—_______.
A. No problem
B. Think nothing of it
C. Not at all
D. It doesnt matter
解析: 答案為B。Think nothing of it相當(dāng)于Dont mention it,意為“不用客氣”,符合情景。C項(xiàng)雖也可表示“不用謝”,但一般用于直接應(yīng)答thank you時(shí)。
陷阱四: 邏輯推理混亂
邏輯推理混亂是情景交際題中常出現(xiàn)的“陷阱”之一。
例10—_______.
—Its nothing to worry about. I never liked it anyway
A. I lost my walkman this morning
B. I feel awful. Ive got a cold
C. I feel terrible, but Ive left your tape somewhere
D. Im sorry, but we dont have that medicine
解析: 答案為C。由“……反正我也不喜歡它了”的回答可知,說話者可能是把答話者的某樣?xùn)|西搞壞了或弄丟了,只有C項(xiàng)符合情境,其他選項(xiàng)涉及的都是有關(guān)說話者自身的事情。
例11—How did you find your visit to Qingdao, Joana?
—_______.
A. Oh, wonderful indeed
B. I went there alone
C. First by train and then by ship
D. A guide showed me the way
解析: 答案為A。How did you find...有兩種含義:“你如何找到……”或“你覺得……如何”。從find的賓語the visit可以判定,對(duì)方是問對(duì)the visit的感受。
例12—What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game.
—_______. Whatever you want to do is fine with me.
A. It just depends
B. Its up to you
C. All right
D. Glad to hear that
解析:答案為B。從后文可知,“你想做什么我都無所謂”。A項(xiàng)意為“看情況而定”,那么決定權(quán)就不一定在“你”手里,選A就不符合邏輯。