Ａｓ　Ｗｅｌｌ　Ａｓ的用法及翻譯

程華明

一、AS WELL AS，AND和NOT ONLY...BUT ALSO...

As well as可作為副詞，介詞以及連詞使用。在作并列連詞時(shí)，連接兩個(gè)相同的成分，如主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等，表示“除……之外、不僅……還……、既……又……、不但……而且……、同、和、并、也”之意?，F(xiàn)分別舉例如下：

Tom as well as Jack blamed me.

不僅杰克，就連湯姆也責(zé)怪我。

To accomplish great things, we must dream as well as act.—Anatole Keats

要完成偉大的事業(yè)，既要實(shí)干，更要有崇高的理想。

——阿納托爾·濟(jì)慈（王國(guó)棟，2004：548）

Living things need light as well as air and water.

生物不僅需要空氣與水，還需要陽(yáng)光。

He is courageous as well as strong.

他既強(qiáng)壯又勇敢。

A man may usually is known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps. —S. Smiles

通常不但可以從一個(gè)人所交往的人，還可以從所讀的書來(lái)了解一個(gè)人。

——斯邁爾斯（英國(guó)傳記作家）（王國(guó)棟，2004：548）

（改譯：通常，了解一個(gè)人不僅可以通過(guò)他所交往的人，還可以通過(guò)他所讀的書。）

As well as雖有“同、和、也”的意思，但與and的表意用法不同，并列連詞and可以連接名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞，其所連接的成分不分主次、輕重，但as well as有主次、輕重之分。例如：

“he as well as I”并不等于“he and I”?！癶e as well as I”，he是重點(diǎn)，I居次要地位，譯為“不僅我，而且他”。

The teacher blamed you and him as well as me.老師不僅責(zé)備我（次要），而且也責(zé)備了你和他。（“你和他”是重點(diǎn)。）

He masters English as well as French.他不僅精通法語(yǔ)（次要），而且精通英語(yǔ)（重點(diǎn)）。

He masters English and French. 他精通英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)。（英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)并重）（杜永文，2002：1056~1057）

As well as也不同于not only...but also...。As well as的重點(diǎn)在前面，而not only...but also...的重點(diǎn)在后面，即在but also之后。例如：

The teacher, as well as students wishes for holidays.

=Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for holidays.

不但學(xué)生就連老師也希望放假。（王國(guó)棟，2004：549）

所以在翻譯過(guò)程中，要謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待as well as。應(yīng)該先譯后面，再譯前面，因?yàn)橹形睦锏摹安粌H……還……”、“不但……而且……”等關(guān)聯(lián)詞所連接的成分，其強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分在后面，正好與as well as相反。

Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.

無(wú)知是羨慕的根源，也是恐懼的根源。（蔡宗源，2000：73）

He grows flowers as well as vegetables.

他不但種菜而且種花。

She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.

她是一個(gè)攝影師又是很有才華的音樂(lè)家。(李振華、楊廣育，1991：1834)

He gave me money as well as advice.

他除了給我忠告外，還給我錢。

We shall travel by night as well as by day（both by night and by day）.

我們將日夜趕路。(A.S. Hornby, 1994：1307)

但這常常被英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者忽視，也不免于大家之手。張道真先生在其編著的各版語(yǔ)法書中，對(duì)as well as的翻譯基本上都錯(cuò)了?，F(xiàn)將其摘抄并改譯如下：（其書中相同的句子不重列）

I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays.

我念過(guò)他的一本小說(shuō)和他的幾個(gè)劇本。（張道真，2002：454）

改譯為：我不僅讀過(guò)他的一些劇本，還讀過(guò)他的一本小說(shuō)。

It is important for you as well as for me.

這對(duì)你對(duì)我都很重要。（張道真，2002：454）

改譯為：這不僅對(duì)我很重要，對(duì)你也很重要。

This is a political as well as an economic question.

這是一個(gè)政治也是經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。（張道真，2002：502）

這是一個(gè)政治問(wèn)題，也是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。（這句譯文出現(xiàn)在《實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》[最新版]中）（張道真，2003：467）

改譯為：這不僅是個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，更是個(gè)政治問(wèn)題。

We cannot expect her to do the homework as well as look after the children.

我們不能指望她既做作業(yè)又照看孩子。（張道真，2002：502）

改譯為：我們不可能叫她既照顧孩子又做家庭作業(yè)。

John can speak Chinese as well as French.

約翰能講漢語(yǔ)及法語(yǔ)。（張道真，2003：467）

改譯為：約翰不僅能講法語(yǔ)，還能講漢語(yǔ)。

We shall travel by night as well as by day.

我們將日夜兼程。（張道真，2003：467）

這是唯一譯對(duì)的一句，應(yīng)是源于《牛津現(xiàn)代高級(jí)英漢雙解詞典》。

The conflict spread everywhere, into villages, as well as into cities.

沖突到處蔓延，蔓延到了農(nóng)村，也蔓延到了城市。（張道真，2003：467）

改譯為：沖突到處蔓延，蔓延到了城市，也蔓延到了農(nóng)村。

二、AS WELL AS的注意事項(xiàng)：

1. As well as連接三個(gè)成分時(shí)，可用A and B as well as C; A as well as B and C。但不可用A, B as well as C。（王國(guó)棟，2004：549）比如：通常不使用“you, he as well as I”，卻使用“you and he as well as I”（=“不僅我，而且你和他”）。（杜永文，2002：1056-1057）

2. As well as連接復(fù)合主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞形式取決于as well as前面的名詞。例如：

Lynn as well as I likes mathematics.

不僅我，林恩也喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。

I as well as he want to go back home.

不僅他，連我也想回家。

3. As well as連接兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。例如：

She publishes as well as prints her own novels.

她的小說(shuō)是她自己印刷出版的。

She is cleaning the house as well as taking care of her child.

她在照顧孩子的同時(shí)也打掃房屋。

4. As well as連接人稱代詞的主格和賓格時(shí)，句意不同。例如：

Steven helped you as well as me.

史蒂文幫過(guò)我，也幫過(guò)你。（you和me都作help的賓語(yǔ)）

Steven helped you as well as I.

我?guī)瓦^(guò)你，史蒂文也幫過(guò)你。（you和I都作help的主語(yǔ)）

5. As well as用在否定句中，當(dāng)as well as在not之前，兩者均否定；當(dāng)as well as在not之后，否定前者，肯定后者。例如：

Phil,as well as David, hasnt been to Lushan.

不僅大衛(wèi)沒(méi)有去過(guò)廬山，菲爾也沒(méi)有。

Phil hasnt been to Lushan as well as David.

大衛(wèi)去過(guò)廬山，菲爾沒(méi)有。（菲爾并沒(méi)有和大衛(wèi)一樣去過(guò)廬山。）

6. As well as有時(shí)也會(huì)引起歧義，如：

She can speak French as well as English.

她不僅能講英語(yǔ)（次），也能講法語(yǔ)（主）。

也可以理解為：她法語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得一樣好。

7. As well as作為介詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于besides，in addition to，后面通常接名詞或v?鄄ing形式，尤其位于句首時(shí)，例如：

As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.

他不但摔斷了腿，而且還傷了胳膊。

She sings as well as playing the violin.

她會(huì)拉小提琴，還會(huì)唱歌。（王國(guó)棟，2004：549）

此處as well as是介詞，所以其后接v?鄄ing形式，當(dāng)然as well as也可作連詞連接兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，上文已舉例。綜上所述，在使用as well as時(shí)，要特別小心，既不能與and等同，也不能與not only...but also相提并論。翻譯時(shí)要先譯后者，再譯前者。