一、四種交通方式及使用特點
1.“by+交通工具”或“by+交通路線”
by plane(乘飛機)=by air(乘飛機)
by ship/boat(乘船)=by sea(走海路)=by river/by water(走水路)
by train(乘火車),by bus(乘公共汽車),by car(坐小汽車),by taxi(乘出租車),by land(走陸路),by bike/motorbike(騎自行車/摩托車)
使用特點:這類短語為固定的介詞短語,在句子中不能作謂語,只能作狀語表示乘、騎的“方式、方法”;交通工具或交通線路的名詞前不能加任何冠詞、物主代詞等修飾語,名詞只能用單數(shù),不能用復數(shù)。如:
I usually come here by bus,but sometimes on foot.
They come to work by bike every day. (盡管主語是復數(shù),bike仍然要用單數(shù))
2.“in/on+修飾語+交通工具”
in a/the plane (乘……飛機) ,in a/the ship ( 乘……輪船 ),in/on a/the boat ( 坐……小船 ),in/on a/the train/bus ( 乘……火車/公共汽車 ),in a/the/his car (坐……小汽車),on a/the/your bike/motorbike (騎……自行車/摩托車)
使用特點:這類短語也是介詞短語,在句中不能作謂語,只能作狀語表示乘、騎的“狀態(tài)”;交通工具的名詞前須有冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞或名詞所有格等修飾語,名詞可用復數(shù)形式。如:
They often go home for holidays in a plane.
He comes to school in Tom’s car every day.
We go there on our bikes.
3.“take/ride a/the+交通工具”
take a/the plane(乘飛機),take a/the ship/boat(乘船),take a /the bus(乘公共汽車),take a/the train(乘火車),take a/the taxi (乘出租車),ride a/the bike/motorbike/horse(騎自行車/摩托車/馬)
使用特點:這類短語為動詞短語,在句子中作謂語,強調(diào)乘、騎的“動作”;交通工具的名詞前必須加修飾語,名詞可用復數(shù)形式;動詞短語后一般接“不定式+地點”或“介詞to+地點”,表示去的地方。如:
The twins usually take a ship to get across the river.
We usually ride our motorbikes to home.
Does Tom usually take a taxi there?
4.“動詞+介詞to+地點”
walk to… (步行去),ride to … (騎車、馬去),drive to… (開車去),fly to… (乘飛機去)
使用特點:這類短語也在句子中作謂語,強調(diào)乘、騎的“動作”;介詞to后直接加上要去的地方;特別要注意介詞to后若接地點副詞home,here,there等,須把介詞to省略掉。如:
They usually walk home after school.
Mary rides to the factory on weekdays.
My classmates will fly to Beijing next week.
二、如何對表示交通方式的狀語提問
對表示交通方式的狀語提問須用特殊疑問詞how。如:
He goes to the bus station by bike.(對劃線部分提問)
How does he go to the bus station?
My parents went to the countryside in their car.(對劃線部分提問)
How did your parents go to the countryside?
三、表示交通方式的同義句替換
“by+交通工具/交通路線”與“in/on + 修飾語+交通工具”都是介詞短語在句子中作狀語,兩者可以直接互換;也可用動詞“take/ride+修飾語+交通工具”或“動詞(walk,ride,drive,fly)+介詞to+地點”替換句中相關(guān)部分。如:
I often go to school by bus.
=I often go to school on/in a bus.
I often take a bus to school.
I often take a bus to get to school.