Mr. And: Mr. But、 Miss Or和我(and)來自于同一個家庭——并列連詞。我們都可以連接相同成份的詞、短語或句子。 如果我們連接的兩個主語相同,或主語和謂語都相同時,后面一般不再重復前面的主語和謂語動詞。我們仨又有許多不同之處, 我(and)連接兩個并列或對稱的詞、短語或分句, 如:
You and I are students.
She will go and see her friends.
He likes English and Chinese.
He put on his coat and went out of the room. (前后主語一樣,可以省略)
I went home and John stayed at the station. (前后主語不一樣,不可以省略)
Mr. But: 是呵. 我(but)是用來連接兩個含義不同,甚至是反義的詞、短語或分句,表示一種轉折,意思為 “但是, 然而,卻”, 如:
Jim wasn’t here but his sister was.
We tried our best to do it but failed.
Miss Or: 我(or)的意思是 “或者,還是”,表示選擇,兩者、幾者居其一。如:
Which book is better, this one or that one?
Is your friend a girl or a boy?
Which color do you like best, red, blue or black?
Mr. And: 值得一提的是: 有三個或三個以上的并列成份時, 我(and)只在最后兩個成份之間出現(xiàn)。我在連接人稱代詞單數(shù)形式時,通常按第二、第三、第一人稱的順序排列,而當連接代詞的復數(shù)形式時,通常按第一、第二、第三人稱的順序排列。例如:
You, he and I are good friends.我、你、他是好朋友。
We , you and they will go to play football together tomorrow.我們、你們和他們明天將一起去踢足球。
另外, 我(and)和Miss Or還能用于“祈使句+ and/or +陳述句(一般將來時)”句型中:
Get up earlier tomorrow, and you will catch the early bus.
(=If you get up earlier tomorrow, you will catch the early bus.)
Get up earlier tomorrow, or you will miss the early bus.
(=If you don’t get up earlier tomorrow, you will miss the early bus.)
Miss Or: 我在用于“either...or...”連接對等成分時, 是“要么……要么……; 不是……就是……”的意思; 連接兩個主語時應該遵循就近原則,即謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式取決于靠它近的主語形式。如:
Either you or I am wrong. (=Either I or you are wrong.)
如果把肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň洌?被否定部分中“and”一般要變?yōu)椤皁r”。
He likes watching TV and playing football.→He doesn’t like watching TV or playing football.
另外,“or so”是“大約”的意思(=about),如:
There are20 flowers or so on the desk. (=There are about 20 flowers on the desk.)
Mr. But: 我(but)用于“Excuse me/ I’m sorry”后, 能起到使語氣更委婉的作用,如:
Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to the hospital? 勞駕, 你能告訴我去醫(yī)院的路嗎?
I’m sorry, but I can’t go there with you. 很抱歉, 但我不能和你一起去那兒。
另外: “not ...but...”是“不是……, 而是……”的意思。連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式取決于but后的主語形式.如:
Not I but you are wrong.
Not you but I am right.
“nothing but ...”是“僅僅, 只”的意思。如:
There is nothing but a book on the desk. (=There is only a book on the desk.)桌上只有一本書而已。
責任編輯/張彩萍