摘 要:自然因素、人為因素以及地表水的滲透能夠改變干旱和半干旱地區(qū)生態(tài)平衡,為了反映隨機環(huán)境噪聲對干旱半干旱地區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響,建立了由Markov鏈和高斯白噪聲驅動的隨機時滯植被-水系統(tǒng),通過隨機比較原理,研究了植被及水的有限時間的動力學行為,給出了系統(tǒng)有限時間穩(wěn)定性和有限時間收縮穩(wěn)定性的充分條件.
關鍵詞:滲透時滯;有限時間穩(wěn)定;植被-水系統(tǒng)
中圖分類號:O29 文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1000-2367(2025)03-0072-07
近年來受自然因素(降雨量少,蒸發(fā)大等)以及人為因素(不受控制的伐木、過度放牧等)的影響,干旱和半干旱地區(qū)植被生態(tài)平衡遭到了嚴重破壞,引起了學者的廣泛關注[1-4].例如,考慮了水的空間擴散,KLAUSMEIER[1]提出一類反應擴散植被-水系統(tǒng),探究干旱地區(qū)植被退化的內在原因,在該模型的基礎上,進一步考慮水的滲透作用,HILLERISLAMBERS等[2]建立了經典的三維植被-水系統(tǒng)模型.隨著植被動力學理論的發(fā)展,許多學者從不同視角建立植被-水系統(tǒng)模型研究其解的適定性、持久性、絕滅性及其控制策略等[3-4].
值得注意的是,上述模型未考慮水的滲透對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響.事實上,地表水的滲透存在時滯并且時滯大小隨著時間的變化而變化[5].另一方面,環(huán)境噪聲在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中起著重要的作用[6],水的蒸發(fā)和滲透以及降雨等因素經常會受到某些環(huán)境因素的干擾,使得植被-水系統(tǒng)的參數發(fā)生突變,這一現象通常用Markov 切換來刻畫[7].因此在研究植被-水相互作用時,應該考慮時變時滯、Markov 切換和隨機噪聲的影響.
有限時間穩(wěn)定性(finite-time stability,FTS)和有限時間收縮穩(wěn)定性(finite-time contraction stability,FTCS)在經濟學、工程和醫(yī)學等領域得到了廣泛的關注[8-9].同樣在生態(tài)學領域中,當植被遭受破壞,更需要在有限的時間得到修復.與長時間動力學行為比較,有限時間的穩(wěn)定性的研究更有意義.另一方面,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,過量的植被和水對生態(tài)環(huán)境無益.而收縮穩(wěn)定意味著在給定時間內,如果植被和水的密度在有限的時間內低于一定的水平,則可以視為荒漠化.這樣,有限時間收縮穩(wěn)定性的理論研究可為植被荒漠化預警提供可靠的理論依據.本文建立由Markov 切換和高斯噪聲驅動的隨機時滯植被-水系統(tǒng),研究該系統(tǒng)模型有限時間穩(wěn)定性和有限時間收縮穩(wěn)定性,給出FTS和 FTCS的判據,所得到的結論是文獻[1-5]的擴展.
4 小 結
本文提出了具有時變時滯的隨機植被-水系統(tǒng).分析了由Markov 切換和高斯噪聲驅動的隨機系統(tǒng)的FTS和FTCS.這些理論結果為判斷生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能否在有限時間內保持健康的演化提供了判斷標準,使得生態(tài)系統(tǒng)FTS而非FTCS.通過數值模擬驗證了理論結果的有效性.值得注意的是,植被斑圖的形成是一個非常有趣的現象,這也是將來的研究內容之一.
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Finite-time stability of vegetation-water system in arid and semi-arid regions
Hu Jing1a,b,c, Zhu Lei1a, Zhang Qimin1b,c, Ren Jie2, Wu Han3
(1. a. School of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy; b. School of Mathematics and Statistics; c. Ningxia Basic
Science Research Center of Mathematics, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2. School of Medical
Information and Engineering, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 3. Coca-Cola
Beverages(Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200123, China)
Abstract: The ecological balance in arid and semi-arid areas is seriously damaged by natural, human factors and the infiltration of surface water. In order to study the influence of random environmental noise on" the ecosystem in arid and semi-arid areas, a stochastic time-delay vegetation-water system driven by Markov chain and Gaussian white noise is established in this paper. The finite-time dynamic behaviors of vegetation and water are studied by stochastic comparison principle, and the sufficient conditions for finite-time stability and finite-time contraction stability of the system are given.
Keywords: infiltration delay; finite-time stability; vegetation-water model
[責任編校 陳留院 楊浦]