高考新題型——讀后續(xù)寫,要求考生讀一篇350詞左右的文本并根據(jù)給出的兩個段首句將其發(fā)展成一篇與所給材料的語言、內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)相融合的文章。該題型對考生的語言能力、邏輯思維能力以及對文本情節(jié)、結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力提出了較高的要求,也是考生的備考難點之一。由于讀后續(xù)寫的語篇主要是故事類的記敘文,內(nèi)容圍繞人與社會、人與自然、人與自我三大主題,貼近生活,難度適中,邏輯性強(qiáng),和高考試題中的完形填空在語言、主題意義和結(jié)構(gòu)上有很多相似之處。因此,考生在完成完形填空的解題之后,要認(rèn)真分析其結(jié)構(gòu)、語言表達(dá)以及主題升華,并將其遷移運用在讀后續(xù)寫中,實現(xiàn)資源利用最大化,助力考生提高備考效率。下面筆者將結(jié)合實例闡述如何巧妙利用完形填空的文本助力讀后續(xù)寫的備考,以期為考生提供參考。
一、梳理完形填空文本內(nèi)容,厘清其結(jié)構(gòu),為讀后續(xù)寫段落提供結(jié)構(gòu)支撐
每一篇完形填空都有謀篇布局及情節(jié)發(fā)展線索,如時間線、空間線、情感線等。通過分析完形語篇文本,繪制出思維導(dǎo)圖,厘清完形填空語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)。在這個過程,考生漸漸學(xué)會讀后續(xù)寫的謀篇布局。因此考生在完成完形填空試題后,嘗試分析其結(jié)構(gòu),并遷移運用到讀后續(xù)寫的結(jié)構(gòu)分析中。下面以廣東省汕頭市2024屆第二次質(zhì)量調(diào)研測試英語試題完形填空為例闡明對語篇進(jìn)行整體把握和分析,概括其語篇的結(jié)構(gòu),有助于合理搭建讀后續(xù)寫框架。原文如下:
Thegreatestsportsmomentsoftenhaveawonderfulflowstatebehindthevictoriesorperformances.Beinginflowreferstothemomentswheredistractionreduces,andconcentration41heightens.
Itwasa42toughsummercamppingpongtournamentwhereIwasnotonlydown1set,but7pointsbehindmyopponent(對手),whohadonly3pointsleftto43wintheset,andthetournament.Foracomeback,Ihadtowinatleast10points,withoutmaking44mistakes!
Facingthedesperatesituation,Icould45callitadayandletmyopponentwin.Perhapsmyopponenthadalreadyfocusedonthe46celebration,butfailurewasntanoption!Thus,I47stuckitout,hopingforthebest.Itoldmyself,“Letsjusttryandwinthenextpoint,nothingelse.”48Breathingdeep,Istaredattheballwithaclearmindsetandkeen49attention.Itookit,hititbackandscored!
5pointstogo,4pointstogo…Myopponentstartedgettingvisibly50uneasyandmademistakes.PointbypointIwasgettingclosertobeingeven.7-8.Iwasonepointawayfromdoingthe51impossible.Mymouthwasshutandmyeyesstayed52sharptheentireset.Hemadeanothererror.8-8.Thecomebackwascomplete.Thecrowdwent53wild!Winningthenext3points,Imanagedtowinthatset.Inthelastset,myopponentturnedrestlessagain.54Holdingtotheflow,Iendedupwinningthefinalset,andthetournament.
Despiteasmallgame,itinspiredmealot.Notbeingabletocontrolhowouropponentplays,wecan55determinehowtoreact.Dontbethere,whereyouarenot.Instead,behereandnow!Stayinflow!Beconcentrated!
文章主要講述了作者在乒乓球比賽中失利,不但沒有放棄而是堅持專注于比賽過程,最終逆風(fēng)翻盤取得勝利的故事。從語篇結(jié)構(gòu)看,該文本采用了“問題——解決”模式,通常包括“問題”“解決辦法”“評估”等三個部分,其結(jié)構(gòu)如下:
記敘文通常會采用以上的“敘事”結(jié)構(gòu),考生要有意識地分析完形填空的語篇結(jié)構(gòu),為讀后續(xù)寫提供結(jié)構(gòu)支撐,如2024年全國卷I高考真題中的讀后續(xù)寫,其原文如下:
ImetGunteronacold,wetandunforgettableeveninginSeptember.IhadplannedtoflytoViennaandtakeabustoPragueforaconference.Duetoabigstorm,myflighthadbeendelayedbyanhourandahalf.ItoucheddowninViennajust30minutesbeforethedepartureofthelastbustoPrague.ThemomentIgotofftheplane,Iranlikecrazythroughtheairportbuildingandjumpedintothefirsttaxiontherankwithoutasecondthought.
ThatwaswhenImetGunter.ItoldhimwhereIwasgoing,buthesaidhehadntheardofthebusstation.Ithoughtmypronunciationwastheproblem,soIexplainedagainmoreslowly,buthestilllookedconfused.WhenIwasabouttogiveup,Gunterfishedouthislittlephoneandrangupafriend.Afteraheateddiscussionthatlastedforwhatseemedlikeacentury,Gunterputhisphonedownandstartedthecar.
Finally,withjusttwominutestosparewerolledintothebusstation.Thankfully,therewasalongqueuestillwaitingtoboardthebus.Gunterparkedthetaxibehindthebus,turnedaround,andlookedatmewithabigsmileonhisface.“Wemadeit”,hesaid.
JustthenIrealisedthatIhadzerocashinmywallet.IflashedhimanapologeticsmileasIpulledoutmyPortuguesebankcard.Hetrieditseveraltimes,butthecardmachinejustdidnotplayalong.AfeelingofhelplessnesswashedovermeasIsawthebusqueuethinningout.
Atthismoment,Gunterpointedtowardsthewaitinghallofthebusstation.Thereattheentrance,wasacashmachine.Ijumpedoutofthecar,madeamadrunforthemachine,andpoppedmycardin,onlytoreadthemessage:“Outoforder.Sorry.”
續(xù)寫部分:Para1:IranbacktoGunterandtoldhimthebadnews.
Para2:Fourdayslater,whenIwasbackinVienna,IcalledGunteraspromised.""""""該文本主要講述了作者乘坐飛機(jī)去維也納,之后乘坐巴士去布拉格開會。但由于天氣原因,航班延誤,導(dǎo)致作者很難趕上開往布拉格的巴士。此時一位的士司機(jī)Gunter伸出援助之手,幫助作者及時趕上了巴士,但是作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無法支付打的的費用,感到非常尷尬和無助,作者只好承諾回去后再支付費用。借鑒以上完形填空文本的“敘事”模式,續(xù)寫文本也可以借用該結(jié)構(gòu),如下:
考生借用以上模式分析讀后續(xù)寫文本內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu),有助于整體理解文本主題意義,順利推斷出續(xù)文的內(nèi)容、邏輯以及主題升華的方向。因此,考生要善于利用完形填空語篇的結(jié)構(gòu),培養(yǎng)自己的語篇分析能力和對記敘文結(jié)構(gòu)的駕馭能力。
二、分析完形填空文本中的語言表達(dá),為讀后續(xù)寫段落提供語言支撐
考生在完成完形填空的解題之后,除了分析該文本的結(jié)構(gòu),還需要分析其語言表達(dá)以及表意功能,如文本中的神態(tài)描寫、動作描寫、心理描寫以及一些句式對文章主題意義的探究所起到的作用,并嘗試將其遷移運用到讀后續(xù)寫的段落中,提升語言表達(dá)能力。下面以浙江強(qiáng)基聯(lián)盟2023學(xué)年高三3月聯(lián)考完形填空的文本為例來闡明如何賞析語言、積累素材并巧妙地運用在續(xù)寫段落中。
試卷原題:“Whatsyourname?”Myfifteen-year-olddaughter,Jessica,askedastrangeronthestreet.Hereyessparkledwith41(excitement)andherfaceworeabroadsmile.Iwishshecouldmakeitbecauseshehasadisabilitywithautistic(自閉癥的).Istoodnearby,waiting42(tensely)foranypotentialresult.
Tobehonest,the43(sociable)natureofhersisaresultofherdisability.EversinceJessicawasrealyoung,shehad44(marched)rightuptostrangersonthestreetand45(struckup)aconversation,neverexpectingtoberefused.Childrenwithautismdontrelatewelltoothers.Ashermum,mythoughtsare46(conflicting).Ononehand,Itriedmybesttopreventherfrom47(disturbing)others.Ontheotherhand,Idontwanthertobediscouraged.Happily,whenJessicatalkswithsomeone,italways48(surprises)methatpeoplepatientlyanswerher,althoughtheymustsenseshesabitdifferent.
Whataboutthistime?Wouldthismanrespondkindlyorjust49(ignore)herandwalkaway?Afewminuteslater,Jessicaskippedtome.Obviously,itwasasuccessful50(exchange).Jessicasharedwithmethe51(content)theyhadtalkedabout,whichwouldcertainly52(brightened)mydaughtersday.Themanjusttreatedherlikeanordinarygirl,nothingspecialfromothers.
Aswecontinuedonourway,Ifeltarenewedsensefullof53(hope)forthefuture.Despitemydaughtersproblem,anequal54(treatment)thekindpeoplegavehercreatedamomentof55(sincere)interaction.
本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者作為一名母親,觀察自己患有自閉癥的女兒杰西卡與陌生人交流的情景。盡管擔(dān)心女兒可能會打擾到他人,但作者感到欣慰的是,人們對待她的女兒總是很耐心,并把她當(dāng)作正常人對待,這不僅讓女兒感到高興,也讓作者對未來充滿了希望。文本中運用了大量的心理描寫、神情描寫、以及地道的表達(dá)方式,充分凸顯了母親的內(nèi)心變化以及人性的真、善、美。如:
(1)神態(tài)描寫:Hereyessparkledwithexcitementandherfaceworeabroadsmile.
她的眼睛閃爍著興奮的光芒,臉上掛著燦爛的笑容。
(2)心理描寫:①Istoodnearby,waitingtenselyforanypotentialresult.
我站在旁邊,緊張地等待著任何可能的結(jié)果。
②Aswecontinuedonourway,Ifeltarenewedsensefullofhopeforthefuture.
當(dāng)我們繼續(xù)前行時,我對未來充滿了新的希望。
(3)動作描寫:Shehadmarchedrightuptostrangersonthestreetandstruckupaconversation,neverexpectingtoberefused.
她徑直走到街上的陌生人面前,和他們攀談起來,從來沒有想到會被拒絕。
(4)短語和句式:
①Childrenwithautismdontrelatewelltoothers.自閉癥兒童與他人相處不好。
②Ononehand,Itriedmybesttopreventherfromdisturbingothers.Ontheotherhand,Idontwanthertobediscouraged.
一方面,我盡力不讓她打擾別人。另一方面,我也不想讓她泄氣。
以上語言可以遷移運用到續(xù)寫中用來描寫主人公Mary等待應(yīng)聘結(jié)果時興奮又緊張的情緒,如下:
AsMarystoodintheroomcrowdedwithpeople,hereyessparkledwithexcitement.Sheworeabroadsmileonherface,waitingtenselyfortheresultshehadbeenlonghopingfor.Tobehonest,shehadbeenfeelingquitediscouragedlately.Butononehand,theprospectofthisexcitingnewshadgivenherarenewedsenseofhope.Ontheotherhand,shecametorealizethatshewaslikelytobedeclinedagain.Sheknewthatwhatevertheoutcomewas,sheneededtorespondkindlyandrelatewelltothosearoundher.Thatwas,afterall,thekeytolivingameaningfulandfulfillinglife.Soshetookadeepbreath,gatheredherthoughts,andpreparedherselfforwhateverlayahead.
總之,考生需要提取完形填空的精彩描寫句子或段落并分析其對凸顯主題意義的功能,若是能將其摘抄、分類、總結(jié),將會更加有助于內(nèi)化和遷移,為相關(guān)讀后續(xù)寫積累語料,并進(jìn)一步提升語言表達(dá)與運用能力。
三、分析完形填空的哲理句,為讀后續(xù)寫主題升華提供內(nèi)容支撐
完形填空的文本通常是一個充滿哲理的故事,作者在文本的結(jié)尾部分往往會告知讀者故事的哲理或意義,即完形填空文本往往會有哲理句。而讀后續(xù)寫中要求考生所完成的續(xù)文的第二段也通常需要“點題”,同樣需要寫出故事主要的寓意、啟發(fā)或人生感悟,精彩的結(jié)尾如同畫龍點睛,既升華主題又余音繞梁。因此,考生可以把完形填空文本的哲理句遷移到同主題的讀后續(xù)寫中,以期寫出“點睛”結(jié)尾。
如:2024年深圳市第二次模擬考試中的完形填空主要講述了作者通過在動物收容所接觸和照顧流浪貓Luna,讓遠(yuǎn)在異國的自己克服文化和語言上的差異,也獲得了個人成長,其哲理句是:Itisaninspiringexperienceof53(bridging)gapsoflanguageandcultureandajourneyofpersonalgrowth.Fromit,Irealizedthevalueoftime,love,anda(n)54(open)heartinformingmeaningfulrelationships.Thisjourneyaidedmeinfindingasenseof55(belonging)inanunfamiliarland.(這是一次跨越語言和文化鴻溝的鼓舞人心的經(jīng)歷,也是一次個人成長的旅程。從中,我意識到時間、愛和一顆開放的心在建立有意義的關(guān)系中的價值。這次旅行幫助我在一個陌生的地方找到了歸屬感。)
這篇完形填空的主旨升華與2024年廣州二模英語讀后續(xù)寫“社恐少年的成長”高度吻合。主人公Tessa得到校夏令營傳單后,既興奮又失望。因為她很熱愛藝術(shù)也很有天賦,但是卻又很怕生,非??謶峙c陌生人打交道。但是Mr.Weston對她的鼓勵和贊揚以及對他對松樹的評價引發(fā)了她對自己的人生思考。續(xù)寫的主旨升華可以是主人公對這次經(jīng)歷的反思,包括學(xué)到的東西、克服的挑戰(zhàn)以及對未來的展望。遷移后的讀后續(xù)寫升華如下:
Itisaninspiringexperienceofovercomingmydrawbackincharacterandajourneyofpersonalgrowth.Fromthisexperience,Irealizedthatembracingunfamiliarityandconqueringfearscanpavemyownwaytoreachoutforawholenewworld.Thisepisodeaidedmeinsteppingoutofmycomfortzoneandgettinganewfoundsenseofbelongingandconfidence.
再如2022年廣東省一模的完形填空主要講述了跑步運動員Cerveny在賽場上因腿抽筋導(dǎo)致腿部無力而兩次摔倒,另一個運動員Brandon經(jīng)過時伸出援手,幫助了他。作者認(rèn)為在當(dāng)今這個競爭激烈的世界,人們通常把重點在打破紀(jì)錄上,看到像Brandon這樣的運動員,真正的體育精神的價值仍然存在,這是令人鼓舞的。其哲理句是:Intodayscompetitiveworld,the14(measure)ofathleticsisusuallyputonbreakingrecords.ItwasinspiringtoseethatforathleteslikeSchutt,thevalueoftrue15sportsmanshipstillmattered.
這篇完形填空中的“體育精神”恰好和2024年湛江市高三調(diào)研考試的讀后續(xù)寫主題升華吻合。該讀后續(xù)寫原文講述了
Thomas和John是兩位高中籃球隊隊長,熱愛籃球。在一場比賽中,John因母親去世本不打算參賽,但中途突然現(xiàn)身要求上場。由于他未在賽前名單中,按規(guī)定對方球隊將獲得兩次罰球,盡管對方球隊希望裁判不要提犯規(guī)的事,但裁判堅持規(guī)則就是規(guī)則。作為隊長,Thomas主動承擔(dān)罰球,展現(xiàn)了體育精神和尊重,贏得John及其隊友的掌聲。
考生要是事先有熟背完形填空中有關(guān)競技體育類的素材主旨升華句,就可以巧妙地把它遷移到讀后續(xù)寫中去。遷移后的讀后續(xù)寫升華如下:
Intodayscompetitiveworldwheretheemphasisinathleticsissooftenputonwinningthegame,itisinspiringtoseeathleteslikeThomaswellinterpretthevalueoftruesportsmanship.
總之,考生要善于分析完形填空語篇中的語言表達(dá)、情節(jié)發(fā)展、結(jié)構(gòu)特征、主題升華,并嘗試遷移到讀后續(xù)寫中。完形填空的文本語言原汁原味,比較地道,內(nèi)容積極向上,結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯清晰明確,難度適中,是考生備考讀后續(xù)寫的寶貴資源,能有效助力考生提升語言綜合運用能力。
即學(xué)即用:2025屆廣東省湛江市普通高中畢業(yè)班調(diào)研測試英語試題
閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
ThatafternoonIreceivedjustoneofthedailynotesIdbeengettingfrommykindergartensonsprincipalatschool,complainingabouthisbadbehavioratschool.Ihadaheart-to-heartdiscussionwithmyhusband.Despitemyunfamiliaritywithhomeschoolingandthelackofconfidenceinmyabilitytosetitright,ItoldhimthatIcouldtryhomeschoolingoursoninthehopethatitwouldbetterpreparehimforpublicschool.Heagreed,thoughwewerebothconcernedthatifwewaitedafullyear,hedfallbehindacademically.
MorethanafewmothersIknewwerehomeschoolingtheirchildren.Icalledafewofthemandaskedlotsofquestions.Whenvoicingmyconcernsaboutmyteachingability,onemotheraskedmeanunexpectedquestion,“Doyouloveyourkids?”Shethentoldmethatlovingthemwasallittooktobeaneffectivehomeschoolingparent.Thatsimplestatementgavemethecouragetotry.
Upontheadviceofmyfellowhomeschoolingmothers,Iorderedapreschoolprogramthatcenteredaroundsinging.Ifoundthecurriculumveryeasytoteach.Surprisingly,itwasalotoffun!Istartedtorealizethathejustneededattention.Whenhegotmyundividedattention,hesuddenlybecamecalmerthaneverbefore.
Aroundthesametime,myhusbandtookajobasatravelingcarpenter,andhedbegoneninetotenweeksatatime.Thatsnotwhatamotheroffouryoungkidswantstohear!Then,Ihadabrainstorm.Icouldhomeschoolallfourkids,andwetraveledwithhimsomeofthetime.Itwouldhelpusspendmoretimetogether,anditmightjustwork.
Weboughtanoldermotorhomewithallthebasics:fullkitchen,bathroom,andmore.Itevenhadbedsforthekids.Overthenextfewyears,wetraveledeverywheremyhusbandwentforwork.Ilearnedhowtoputtogetherunitstudiesthatworkedforallgradelevels.Itaughtscience,socialstudies,andlanguageartstoallthekidsatonce.Imadeassignmentsaccordingtotheirgradelevels.
注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個左右;
2.請按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Westudiedinthemorningandwentoutdoorsintheafternoon.
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Beforethenewschoolyearstartedandtheywouldgotoschool,wetalkedabouttheirexperience.
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【本文系廣東省教育科學(xué)研究項目重點課題“高中英語閱讀教學(xué)中學(xué)科能力培養(yǎng)的行動研究”(批準(zhǔn)號:2023ZQJK119)系列研究成果】
【作者簡介:中學(xué)一級教師,多次獲優(yōu)秀教師、優(yōu)秀班主任、教學(xué)積極分子、教研教改積極分子、學(xué)校年度先進(jìn)工作者等稱號,2024年被學(xué)校推薦為湛江市優(yōu)秀教師。2019年被廣東省教育研究院評為“資源展示/學(xué)科展示優(yōu)秀指導(dǎo)教師”;2019年在學(xué)校青年教師教學(xué)技能大賽中獲得一等獎第一名;主持和參與多個省市級課題,在《新課程教學(xué)》、《教育文苑》、《師道》(教研)等期刊發(fā)表論文4篇】
責(zé)任編輯吳昊雷