摘要:[目的]為探討加工番茄果實番茄紅素與相關(guān)性狀之間的關(guān)系,為新疆加工番茄優(yōu)質(zhì)新品種選育提供理論依據(jù)。[方法]以近年來選育或引進的品種(系)為試驗材料,對供試加工番茄果實番茄紅素與可溶性固形物含量、平均果肉厚度、pH、a/b值、β-胡蘿卜素及L值這些品質(zhì)性狀之間的相關(guān)性,并進行逐步回歸分析和通徑分析。[結(jié)果]結(jié)果表明,新疆加工番茄品種(系)的7個果實的可溶性固形物含量、平均果肉厚度、pH、a/b值、β-胡蘿卜素及L值進行相關(guān)性分析,在7個果實品質(zhì)性狀中,pH與L值成顯著正相關(guān),番茄紅素與a/b值成極顯著正相關(guān),與L值成極顯著負相關(guān),與β-胡蘿卜素成負相關(guān),但相關(guān)性不顯著。a/b值與番茄紅素成極顯著正相關(guān),與β-胡蘿卜素和L值成極顯著負相關(guān)。β- 胡蘿卜素與L值成極顯著正相關(guān),與X5成極顯著負相關(guān),與番茄紅素成負相關(guān),但相關(guān)性不顯著。L值與β-胡蘿卜素成極顯著正相關(guān),與pH成顯著正相關(guān),與番茄紅素和a/b值成極顯著負相關(guān)。主成分分析結(jié)果表明,前3個主成分的貢獻率達83.721%,可以反應所測性狀的絕大部分變異信息。第一成分因子的貢獻率為45.728%,第二主成分因子和第三主成分因子的貢獻率分別為18.443%和16.793%。[結(jié)論]"加工番茄育種中,需選擇可溶性固形物和番茄紅素含量較高的性狀組合,以獲得高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)的品種。
關(guān)鍵詞:北疆; 加工番茄; 果實; 番茄紅素; 品質(zhì)性狀; 關(guān)系
Study on the relationship between Lycopene and main quality characters of processing tomato in northern Xinjiang
TianHaiyan1,2,Zhang Zhanqin1,2, XIE Jianhui1,2,WANG Jianjiang1,Yang Xiangkun1,2
(1.Crop Research Institue,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000;2.Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000)
Abstract:[objective] To explore the relationship between lycopene and related traits of processing tomato fruit, and to provide theoretical basis for processing tomato breeding in Xinjiang. [methods ] The varieties (lines) selected or introduced in recent years were used as experimental materials, the correlation between lycopene content and soluble solid content, mean pulp thickness, pH, a B value, Beta-carotene and L value was studied, stepwise regression analysis and path analysis were performed. [results]"The results showed that the contents of soluble solids, average flesh thickness, pH, a B value, Beta-carotene and L value of 7 fruits of Xinjiang processing tomato varieties (lines) were correlated, there was a significant positive correlation between pH and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and a B value, a significant negative correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant negative correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant negative correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant negative correlation between lycopene and But the correlation was not significant. There was a significant positive correlation between a B value and lycopene, and a significant negative correlation between a B value and beta-carotene and L value. The beta-carotene was positively correlated with L, negatively correlated with x 5 and negatively correlated with lycopene, but the correlation was not significant. L value was significantly positively correlated with beta-carotene, positively correlated with pH, and negatively correlated with lycopene and aab. The results of principal component analysis showed that the contribution rate of the first three principal components was 83.721% , which could reflect most of the variation information of the tested traits. The contribution rate of the first factor was 45.728% , the second and third principal factors were 18.443% and 16.793% , respectively. [conclusion] In processing tomato breeding, the combination of high content of soluble solids and lycopene should be selected to obtain high yield and good quality varieties.
Key Words:"Northern Xinjiang;processing tomato;ruit;lycopene;quality traits;relationship
0 引言
番茄是一種重要的蔬菜和水果,具有適應范圍廣、產(chǎn)量高、營養(yǎng)豐富、用途廣泛等多方面的優(yōu)點,既可生食代替水果,又可加工制成各種產(chǎn)品,具有廣闊的市場前景。對于加工番茄品種而言,可溶性固形物和番茄紅素的含量,是決定一個品種取舍的關(guān)鍵[1]。番茄紅素具有極強的抗氧化性,在延緩衰老和對某些癌癥的預防方面具有特殊功效。人體自身不具有合成番茄紅素的能力,主要通過飲食來攝取。番茄果實中富含番茄紅素,因而受到人們的普遍喜愛。因此,培育高番茄紅素含量的品種對于人們對番茄紅素的需求有著重要意義[2-3]。目前關(guān)于番茄各性狀之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系已有不少的研究和報道[3-7],然而針對北疆加工番茄果實番茄紅素的研究相對較少,本文特針對30個新疆北疆加工番茄品種(系)的果實番茄紅素與主要品質(zhì)性狀之間的關(guān)系進行研究,以期篩選出與番茄紅素相關(guān)的易于進行早期篩選的農(nóng)藝性狀,為培育高番茄紅素加工番茄品種提供依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 "試驗地概況
試驗于2021年在新疆石河子市新疆農(nóng)墾科學院育種試驗基地進行,該地區(qū)屬于典型的干旱氣候區(qū),年平均氣溫7.5 ~ 8.2℃,日照2 318 ~ 2 732 h,無霜期147 ~ 191 d,年降雨量180 ~ 270 mm,年蒸發(fā)量1 000 ~ 1 500 mm,≥10℃活動積溫357 0 ~ 3 729℃。試驗地土質(zhì)為粘壤土。
1.2 "供試材料
選用30個新疆當?shù)刂髟约庸し哑贩N(系)作為供試材料,其中包括美國亨氏公司的H9661、H5108、H1015、 H3402;法國利馬格蘭公司的ALT2、 ALT3 、ALT5、 ALT9、AST900、AST908;美國聯(lián)合基因公司的UG9417,國產(chǎn)品種:金番3166、中蔬3370、屯河1601、屯河6619、KF1502;其余為新疆農(nóng)墾科學院作物所加工番茄育種創(chuàng)新團隊自育新品系。
1.3 "試驗設(shè)計
試驗于2021年在新疆農(nóng)墾科學院作物所試驗站內(nèi)開展,人工移栽,采用膜下滴灌種植方式,一膜兩行,株距33 cm,行距配置25 cm + 125 cm。
1.4 "測定項目與方法
每個小區(qū)取加工番茄中上部30個果實,從中隨機選擇5個充分成熟的果實,每個果從中間連續(xù)縱切2次,各取1/4混勻后打成果漿,取出3份(各20 mL)分別測得番茄紅素和L、a、b的數(shù)值。用MASTER-3M(日本愛宕品牌)手持折射儀測定可溶性固形物含量。田間收獲時從植株中上部選取3 ~ 5個充分成熟果實,橫切后將番茄汁倒入儀器進行讀數(shù)。pH采用美國SpectrumIQ150 測定。果肉厚度測量方法是從中央部位將果實橫切,使用數(shù)顯游標卡尺測量。
番茄果實L、a、b值及番茄紅素應用意大利瑪薩莉(MASELLI)色差儀(LC01)測定,其中:L值反映番茄顏色的明亮程度:0"~ 100表示從黑色到白色;“a”代表物體的紅綠色:正值表示紅色,負值表示綠色;“b”代表黃藍色:正值表示黃色,負值表示藍色,"a/b為色差值,值越大,顏色越紅。可溶性固形物含量的高低是衡量加工番茄品質(zhì)的重要指標之一,在番茄醬的制造過程中可溶性固形物含量也起到關(guān)鍵作用。研究表明,可溶性固形物每增加l%就相當于增加25%的總產(chǎn)量,相當于成品番茄醬(濃度為28%)的產(chǎn)量提高了15%~20%[8]。
1.5 "數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計分析
利用EXCEL2003和SPSS17.0軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)處理與分析。
2 "結(jié)果與分析
2.1 "供試加工番茄品種(系)主要品質(zhì)性狀的變異
對30個新疆加工番茄品種(系)7個品質(zhì)性狀的變異情況進行分析,由表1可以看出,在加工番茄7個品質(zhì)性狀中變異范圍大小存在差異,其中,番茄紅素和L值的變異范圍較大,分別在13.1 ~ 26.2,29.2 ~ 40.2;a/b值和平均果肉厚度的變異范圍較小,在2.0 ~ 2.7,0.5 ~ 0.8。從變異系數(shù)的大小來看,β-胡蘿卜素、番茄紅素及平均果肉厚度變異系數(shù)相對較大,分別達30.0%、番茄紅素14.5%及14.3%,說明上述性狀變異程度較為豐富,可為不同品質(zhì)育種需求提供相應的種質(zhì)資源。
2.2""主要性狀間的相關(guān)性分析
將30個新疆加工番茄品種(系)的7個果實品質(zhì)指標(可溶性固形物含量、平均果肉厚度、番茄紅素、pH、a/b值、β- 胡蘿卜素及L值)進行相關(guān)性分析。通過表1可以看出,在7個果實品質(zhì)性狀中,pH與L值成顯著正相關(guān),番茄紅素與a/b值成極顯著正相關(guān),與L值成極顯著負相關(guān),與β-胡蘿卜素成負相關(guān),但相關(guān)性不顯著。a/b值與番茄紅素成極顯著正相關(guān),與β-胡蘿卜素和L值成極顯著負相關(guān)。β-胡蘿卜素與L值成極顯著正相關(guān),與X5成極顯著負相關(guān),與番茄紅素成負相關(guān),但相關(guān)性不顯著。L值與β-胡蘿卜素成極顯著正相關(guān),與PH成顯著正相關(guān),與番茄紅素和a/b值成極顯著負相關(guān)。
2.3 "番茄紅素的逐步回歸和通徑分析
番茄紅素是加工番茄主要的品質(zhì)性狀指標,為分析對番茄紅素有正向影響和負向影響的直接因子和間接因子,對番茄紅素與其它性狀進行逐步線性回歸分析,可得出以下番茄紅素回歸方程:番茄紅素回歸方程:Y = -66.547 - 0.370 x1,- 1.231x2,"- 0.884x3,"+ 29.334x5,"+ 6.048x6,"+ 0.505x7,
在上述回歸方程中:Y為番茄紅素,X1,為平均可溶性固形物含量(%)、X2,為平均果肉厚度(cm)、X3,為PH、、X5,為a/b值、X6,為β- 胡蘿卜素、X7,為L值。R2 = 0.824,方程擬合度較好,此模型可以用于加工番茄果實番茄紅素的預測。
進一步進行通徑分析可以看出(表3),加工番茄6個品質(zhì)性狀對果實番茄紅素的直接影響作用中,a/b值對番茄紅素含量的影響最大,其次是β- 胡蘿卜素,平均可溶性固形物含量、平均果肉厚度、pH對番茄紅素含量有負面影響作用,其中,pH對番茄紅素含量的負面影響作用相對較大。
從6個品質(zhì)性狀對番茄紅素的間接通徑效應(表4)大小可以看出,"X5'通過X2'對番茄紅素的作用效果明顯較大,說明增加a/b值與平均果肉厚度形成間接影響番茄紅素的直接原因,也是其它因素對番茄紅素發(fā)生作用的間接原因。X2’、X3’、X6’主要通過X7’間接影響番茄紅素含量。X5’和X7’主要通過X6’間接影響番茄紅素含量。因此,在加工番茄品質(zhì)育種中可通過調(diào)節(jié)β-胡蘿卜素和L值調(diào)節(jié)對番茄紅素含量的影響效應。
2.4 "主要性狀的主成分分析
對7個主要性狀進行主成分分析,特征值、貢獻率、累積貢獻率及特征向量見表5。由表5可知,前3個主成分的貢獻率達83.721%,可以反應所測性狀的絕大部分變異信息。
第一成分因子特征值為2.744,其貢獻率為45.728%,以β-胡蘿卜素和L值的特征向量的分值較高;第二主成分因子特征值為1.107,其貢獻率為18.443%,以平均可溶性固形物含量和L值的分值較高;第三主成分因子特征值為1.008,其貢獻率為16.793%,以平均果肉厚度和L值的分值較高。
3 "討論
番茄紅素含量的高低是衡量番茄品種和番茄制品優(yōu)劣的重要指標之一[9]。番茄果實內(nèi)的番茄紅素含量遺傳屬多基因控制的數(shù)量性狀遺傳,一代雜種果實內(nèi)番茄紅素的含量居雙親之間,接近于中親值,遺傳模型以加性效應為主,有少量上位效應,顯性效應不顯著,該性狀以一般配合力效應為主,特殊效應配合力不大。采用雜交育種的選育方法,有利于獲得高番茄紅素品種的選育。龐勝群、曲瑞芳等[10-11]在提高番茄紅素含量的選育過程中,也應注重干物質(zhì)、可溶性固形物、總酸、總糖含量的選擇,通過育種、栽培等手段提高這些農(nóng)藝性狀的水平可增加番茄紅素含量。
本文相關(guān)和通徑分析結(jié)果表明,新疆加工番茄品種(系)的7個果實的可溶性固形物含量、平均果肉厚度、pH、a/b值、β-胡蘿卜素及L值進行相關(guān)性分析,在7個果實品質(zhì)性狀中,pH與L值成顯著正相關(guān),番茄紅素與a/b值成極顯著正相關(guān),與L值成極顯著負相關(guān),與β-胡蘿卜素成負相關(guān),但相關(guān)性不顯著。a/b值與番茄紅素成極顯著正相關(guān),與β-胡蘿卜素和L值成極顯著負相關(guān)。β-胡蘿卜素與L值成極顯著正相關(guān),與X5成極顯著負相關(guān),與番茄紅素成負相關(guān),但相關(guān)性不顯著。L值與β-胡蘿卜素成極顯著正相關(guān),與pH成顯著正相關(guān),與番茄紅素和a/b值成極顯著負相關(guān)。
主成分分析結(jié)果表明,前3個主成分的貢獻率達83.721%,可以反映所測性狀的絕大部分變異信息。第一成分因子的貢獻率為45.728%,第二主成分因子和第三主成分因子的貢獻率分別為18.443%和16.793%。本試驗結(jié)果表明,加工番茄育種中可通過a/b值、L值來調(diào)節(jié)果實番茄紅素含量。
4 "結(jié)論
加工番茄品質(zhì)受外界自然條件、水肥調(diào)控和栽培密度的影響,育種目標是在高產(chǎn)的同時提高固形物和番茄紅素含量。番茄紅素屬數(shù)量性狀,受微效多基因支配,在提高番茄紅素含量的育種中,須結(jié)合番茄育種其他目標性狀,綜合進行選育達到育種目標[12]。
本試驗在前人研究結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上, 對加工番茄品種(系)的7個果實的可溶性固形物含量、平均果肉厚度、pH、a/b值、β-胡蘿卜素及L值進行相關(guān)性分析,表明加工番茄育種中也可通過a/b值、L值來調(diào)節(jié)果實番茄紅素含量。
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Study on the relationship between Lycopene and main quality characters of processing tomato
TIAN Haiyan,ZHANG Zhanqin, XIE Jianhui,WANG Jianjiang,YANG Xiangkun
(Crop Research Institue,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science / Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China)
Abstract:【Objective】 To explore the relationship between lycopene and related traits of processing tomato fruit, and to provide theoretical basis for processing tomato breeding in Xinjiang.
【Methods】 The varieties (lines) selected or introduced in recent years were used as 30 experimental materials, the correlation between lycopene content and soluble solid content, mean pulp thickness, pH value, a/b value, beta-carotene and L value was studied, and meanwhile, stepwise regression analysis and path analysis were performed.
【Results】 The results showed that the contents of soluble solids, average flesh thickness, pH value, a/b value, Beta-carotene and L value of 7 fruits of Xinjiang processing tomato varieties (lines) were correlated, there was a significant positive correlation between pH value and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and a/b value, a significant negative correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant negative correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant negative correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant positive correlation between lycopene and L value, a significant negative correlation between lycopene, but the correlation was not significant. There was a significant positive correlation between a/b value and lycopene, and a significant negative correlation between a/b value and beta-carotene and L value. The beta-carotene was positively correlated with L value, negatively correlated with X5 and negatively correlated with lycopene, but the correlation was not significant. L value was significantly positively correlated with beta-carotene, positively correlated with pH value, and negatively correlated with lycopene and aab. The contribution rate of the first three principal components was 83.721% , which could reflect most of the variation information of the tested traits. The contribution rate of the first factor was 45.728% , the second and third principal factors were 18.443% and 16.793%, respectively.
【Conclusion】 In processing tomato breeding, the combination of high content of soluble solids and lycopene should be selected in order to obtain high yield and good quality varieties.
Key words:processing tomato; fruit; lycopene; quality traits
Fund projects:Construction of a Public Service Platform for Processing Tomato Quality Testing in the Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Genetic Improvement of XPCC (23102001); Second Cycle Second Level Training Candidate Funding Project for \"XPCC Talents\" (21102009); "Funding Project of Soybean and Characteristic Cash Crop Breeding Innovation Team of Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences (2060502)
Correspondence author:YANG Xiangkun(1981-),male,from Shandong,research,Ph.D., research direction:Breeding and cultivation of processed tomatoes,(E-mail)starryyang@sina.com
第一作者簡介:田海燕(1979-),女,碩士,副研究員,現(xiàn)主要從事加工番茄育種與栽培等研究工作。E-mail:1114077556@qq.com。
責任作者:楊相昆(1981-),男,博士,研究員,現(xiàn)主要從事加工番茄育種與栽培等研究工作。E-mail:starryyang@sina.com。
基金項目:谷物品質(zhì)與遺傳改良兵團重點實驗室加工番茄品質(zhì)測試公共服務平臺建設(shè)(23102001)?!氨鴪F英才”第二周期第二層次培養(yǎng)人選資助項目(21102009)。新疆農(nóng)墾科學院大豆與特色經(jīng)濟作物育種創(chuàng)新團隊資助項目(2060502);