• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    New Goal for Coal

    2024-12-28 00:00:00AnaChen
    漢語世界(The World of Chinese) 2024年4期
    關(guān)鍵詞:度假區(qū)煤礦旅游

    Former mines are being turned into public gardens and tourist attractions as China looks to a post-coal future, but the transition has not been smooth

    從廢棄煤礦到旅游度假區(qū)的艱難蛻變

    Red koi fish dart between lily pads and lotuses. Strangler figs and mango trees stretch toward a delicately latticed roof. Few would guess that underneath this beautiful botanical garden in Taiyuan, capital of northern China’s Shanxi province, lies an abandoned coal mine.

    “[This area] was all black,” Ding Yiju tells TWOC. As the lead coordinator for the Taiyuan Botanical Garden project, he recalls the early stages of construction in 2015. “We even took a block of coal back to Austria, to show our team in Europe.”

    Rich in coal resources, Shanxi has historically been a leading coal producer in China. However, the region has made a concerted effort in recent decades to reduce its economic dependence on coal mining due to environmental concerns and the need to plan for a post-coal future, leaving thousands of mines abandoned. While the local government and private companies have begun repurposing these sites for tourism and hospitality, strict safety regulations and the lack of established business models have stymied their transition efforts.

    “Coal was everywhere back in the 1980s,” Chen Rui, a native of Taiyuan, tells TWOC. “Everyone was trying to get rich off of it.” He remembers washing his clothes after each walk home from school because the dust from nearby mines would stain his shirt collars black. His parents forbade him from playing by the river, as the currents could carry pollutants and chemicals into the city.

    With over 48.3 billion tons of coal reserves locked beneath its mountains, Shanxi had produced around a quarter of China’s total coal and carbon coke output by the end of 2022. Coal production boomed in the 1980s and early 90s when the Shanxi government began to sell quarry deeds to private companies. Coal bosses, or meilaoban, quickly dominated the industry. Among the most famous of them was Yan Linze, the “richest man in Gujiao city,” who was rumored to have once held 2 billion yuan in personal assets after opening a chain of mining operations across the province.

    Coal bosses and their private operations came under stricter regulations in the late 1990s and early 2000s, when China sought to reform its coal industry. Since then, the Shanxi government has closed around 10,000 mines deemed illegal or unsafe. Less than 1,000 mines are left in Shanxi today, most managed by state-owned enterprises such as China Coal Energy and Shanxi Coking Coal Group.

    Thousands of abandoned mines now lie dormant across Shanxi, raising the question of how to safely repurpose and develop the land. According to a 2013 report by Economic Information Daily, over 5,000 square kilometers of land in Shanxi had been mined away, of which about 60 percent was undergoing subsidence—the gradual sinking of land. News of land collapses and the relocation of entire villages have made headlines over the years.

    “It’s a complicated situation because each mine is different,” Zhang Yong, vice general manager of Beijing King Kong Samp;T Co, tells TWOC. The company, specializing in 5G intelligent mining operations, has worked in Shanxi’s labyrinthine mines since 2014. According to him, Shanxi’s mines vary greatly in depth and layout, owing to the proliferation of private enterprises and the lack of zoning regulations during the 1980s and 90s. There isn’t a universal formula for remodeling a mine, and the terrain is riddled with unforeseen dangers.

    Ding Yiju’s team, part of the Austrian firm DeluganMeissl Associated Architects, struggled to build the botanical garden on Shanxi’s yellow loess dirt, which could easily crumble beneath heavy rainfall. However, “our biggest challenge was water,” Ding recalls the project’s design. Unpolluted water sources were rare in China’s arid northern provinces, and the team sought to preserve any clean water they could find in the pits.

    Safety isn’t the only consideration. According to Han Juanxiu, a coal industry researcher who requested to be interviewed under a pseudonym, there is no established business model for converting a mine into a tourist attraction, and many renovation projects have failed due to the lack of supporting infrastructure in the surrounding area. This is particularly true for mines-turned-hotels, which boast hot springs as their main attraction. A search on the travel website Ctrip reveals about a dozen such sites, with prices ranging from 150 to 300 yuan per night—typical costs for a hotel stay in Shanxi.

    “Many of the hotels that opened in abandoned mines are too far away from tourist sites,” Han tells TWOC. Most mining companies operated far from the city center, an inconvenience for tourists who wish to stay closer to the city’s main attractions.

    Chen Rui agrees. A few years ago, he and his wife visited a hot spring hotel an hour from Taiyuan’s city center. Although he found the hot spring amusing and peaceful, with few other customers despite it being a weekend, it was not a place he would return to. “It’s just a hotel,” he tells TWOC. “There’s no real appeal to it, and getting there is a hassle.”

    He speculates that China’s middle class now prefers a model of tourism that prioritizes convenience and speed over luxurious and isolated experiences like hot springs. This shift is particularly evident in the rise of “special forces style tourism,” where tourists visit as many attractions as possible in a short amount of time, and in the recent decline in average spending per trip.

    So far, the only successful renovation projects have not been private or individual efforts, but rather large-scale, government-funded initiatives. According to a report from Xinhua News Agency, China’s official state news agency, the Department of Land and Space Ecological Restoration has restored more than 4.5 million mu (300,000 hectares) of abandoned mines across the country since 2016, converting them into housing, retail, and tourism spaces.

    The Coal Museum of China, opened in 1989 in Taiyuan, was one of Shanxi’s earliest attempts to repurpose coal mines. With over 800 meters of abandoned mine shafts, the museum boasts Asia’s largest simulated coal mine experience. Today, it remains China’s only national-level museum dedicated to the modern coal industry.

    The Coal Museum pioneered a nationwide trend of mine site renovations. Since 2004, the Chinese government has named 88 abandoned coal, mineral, and oil shale mines for renovation into tourist sites. The Jinhuagong National Mine Park in Datong, another coal-mining city in Shanxi, opened in 2012 after a cleanup and renovation project that cost over 463 million yuan, an investment beyond the reach of most commercial and private enterprises. Today, the park offers a series of immersive experiences to tourists, including riding in a mining cart, driving a mining machine, and operating an electric drill.

    Both the Coal Museum and the National Mine Park have become popular attractions in Shanxi, especially among parents who want to educate their children about the province’s coal heritage. During the three-day Qingming holiday in early April this year, the National Mine Park welcomed more than 12,000 people daily. The Coal Museum welcomes over 100,000 guests from across the globe annually. Simon Cockerell, an American tour guide in East Asia, praises the Coal Museum of China on his blog: “I would recommend to anyone visiting Taiyuan, or anywhere near Taiyuan, as something odd, interesting, and educational all at the same time.”

    The Taiyuan Botanical Garden officially opened in 2021. Today, it features two South American and African plant biomes, an exhibition hall for tropical flowers, and a live butterfly gallery. DeluganMeisslbegan work on the gardens in 2015, after attracting the attention of the Taiyuan city government for their work on other Chinese gardens. Seeking to clean up their polluted environment and hoping to improve the quality of life of its residents, the Taiyuan government invited Ding’s team to remodel three abandoned coal pits. The location of their mine gave the design team some advantage. “It’s much harder to work with shafts inside mountains,” he tells TWOC. “Our pits were exposed, so they were easy by comparison.”

    After removing all the exposed coal left in the site, Ding’s team filled the main body of the pits with water and koi fish, forming an artificial lake with a floating restaurant. They constructed three latticed domes to house exotic plants and a research center to support conservation efforts for Shanxi’s native ecosystem. The garden’s most famous feature—a metal sky bridge overlooking the lake and domes—has become a hotspot for daka (check-in) tourism, where people visit sites and post about them online.

    Though the gardens opened at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, they skyrocketed to fame. Ding estimates that at least 2 million tourists visit annually, resulting in an annual revenue of 10 million yuan. “Most botanical gardens need a lot of government support,” he tells TWOC. “But we’ve become almost entirely self-sufficient.” He speaks proudly of the gardens’ international acclaim—their latticed timber domes are among the largest in the world.

    Learning from Shanxi’s successes and mistakes, cities across China are now beginning to follow in its footsteps. The government of Wangping town, a historic coal mining site in Mentougou district, Beijing, plans to construct a hot spring resort in an abandoned mine by 2026. Unlike the private projects of Taiyuan, the resort will have the full support and funding of the local government, which plans to repurpose the old mining train as a tourist vehicle, remodel the old miners’ dormitories into hotel rooms, and offer guests on-site amenities such as traditional Chinese medicine treatments. Lian Wenchao, the general manager of Beijing Jingxi Culture amp; Tourism firm, stated that the hotel would be opened alongside other attractions, such as a wetland park and a “culture street,” to create a “one-stop resort” for tourists.

    These projects reflect the optimism among governments and companies across China. Ding is confident that the Shanxi government will continue to find ways to repurpose their mines despite the challenges. “They are really starting to care about the environment,” he says. “Taiyuan has completely transformed from what it was a decade ago.”

    Image from VCG

    Construction of the Taiyuan Botanical Garden on this abandoned mine site started in 2015. The Austrian design team faced challenges on Shanxi’s yellow loess soil, which was prone to crumbling under heavy rainfall. (Courtesy of Ding Yiju)

    Officially opened in 2021, Taiyuan Botanical Garden welcomes 2 million visitors annually, featuring over 3,000 plant species and more than 50 varieties of medicinal and tea plants (VCG)

    Opened in 2007 and built on the subsidence area of an old coal mine, Jixi Hengshan National Mining Park in Heilongjiang province is one of the earliest government projects aimed at repurposing coal mines (VCG)

    An abandoned coal mine in Beijing’s Wangping town (VCG)

    猜你喜歡
    度假區(qū)煤礦旅游
    北京環(huán)球度假區(qū)正式開業(yè)
    廣東茂名 浪漫海岸旅游度假區(qū)
    鴨綠江(2021年35期)2021-04-19 12:24:34
    旅游
    大型煤礦自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與應(yīng)用
    首批17家國家級(jí)旅游旅游度假區(qū)名錄
    城市地理(2015年19期)2015-12-02 01:03:00
    上半年確定關(guān)閉煤礦名單513處
    去年95.6%煤礦實(shí)現(xiàn)“零死亡”
    旅游的最后一天
    瞬變電磁法在煤礦防治水中的應(yīng)用
    河南科技(2014年8期)2014-02-27 14:07:41
    出國旅游的42個(gè)表達(dá)
    海外英語(2013年8期)2013-11-22 09:16:04
    久久久久人妻精品一区果冻| 精品少妇黑人巨大在线播放| 午夜av观看不卡| h视频一区二区三区| 久久国产亚洲av麻豆专区| 2022亚洲国产成人精品| 国产色爽女视频免费观看| 免费大片18禁| 亚洲精品亚洲一区二区| 免费黄频网站在线观看国产| 久久 成人 亚洲| 高清视频免费观看一区二区| 嫩草影院入口| 免费大片黄手机在线观看| 丰满饥渴人妻一区二区三| 大码成人一级视频| 夫妻性生交免费视频一级片| 卡戴珊不雅视频在线播放| 汤姆久久久久久久影院中文字幕| 在线观看免费视频网站a站| av电影中文网址| 亚洲精品日韩av片在线观看| 97超碰精品成人国产| 曰老女人黄片| 最近最新中文字幕免费大全7| 国产伦理片在线播放av一区| 国产黄色视频一区二区在线观看| 18禁裸乳无遮挡动漫免费视频| 夫妻性生交免费视频一级片| 自线自在国产av| 91在线精品国自产拍蜜月| 91aial.com中文字幕在线观看| 午夜视频国产福利| 亚洲国产色片| 人人妻人人澡人人看| 一个人看视频在线观看www免费| 少妇熟女欧美另类| 久久人人爽人人爽人人片va| 亚洲怡红院男人天堂| 日韩,欧美,国产一区二区三区| 99热这里只有是精品在线观看| 国产精品三级大全| 狠狠婷婷综合久久久久久88av| 伊人久久国产一区二区| 亚洲高清免费不卡视频| 国产一区二区在线观看日韩| 91精品三级在线观看| 国产日韩欧美视频二区| 国产高清国产精品国产三级| 男女边摸边吃奶| kizo精华| 国产69精品久久久久777片| 久久影院123| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| 久热久热在线精品观看| 99九九线精品视频在线观看视频| 超色免费av| 人人妻人人爽人人添夜夜欢视频| 老司机影院成人| 一级片'在线观看视频| 久久99一区二区三区| 夜夜爽夜夜爽视频| 国产老妇伦熟女老妇高清| 久久久久视频综合| av.在线天堂| 夜夜爽夜夜爽视频| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 大片电影免费在线观看免费| 高清黄色对白视频在线免费看| 国产成人精品一,二区| 国产精品熟女久久久久浪| 各种免费的搞黄视频| 免费观看在线日韩| 成人综合一区亚洲| 久久久久网色| 国产精品欧美亚洲77777| 欧美亚洲 丝袜 人妻 在线| 亚洲久久久国产精品| 亚洲av综合色区一区| 高清不卡的av网站| 国产男女内射视频| 26uuu在线亚洲综合色| 男女啪啪激烈高潮av片| 日韩熟女老妇一区二区性免费视频| 大又大粗又爽又黄少妇毛片口| 91精品国产九色| 国产片特级美女逼逼视频| 少妇猛男粗大的猛烈进出视频| 97在线视频观看| 搡女人真爽免费视频火全软件| 成人亚洲精品一区在线观看| 99九九线精品视频在线观看视频| av在线观看视频网站免费| 日本黄色日本黄色录像| 亚洲不卡免费看| 毛片一级片免费看久久久久| 亚洲av男天堂| 免费观看在线日韩| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看| 国产精品国产三级国产专区5o| 久久ye,这里只有精品| 观看av在线不卡| 国产熟女欧美一区二区| 国产淫语在线视频| 99九九在线精品视频| 爱豆传媒免费全集在线观看| av网站免费在线观看视频| 久久久欧美国产精品| 91精品国产九色| av国产久精品久网站免费入址| 久久人人爽人人爽人人片va| 最新的欧美精品一区二区| 免费看光身美女| av黄色大香蕉| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 亚洲情色 制服丝袜| 午夜av观看不卡| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花| 大又大粗又爽又黄少妇毛片口| 青春草国产在线视频| 黑人猛操日本美女一级片| 一级毛片黄色毛片免费观看视频| 日韩电影二区| 国产一级毛片在线| 一区二区三区免费毛片| 国产成人精品婷婷| 国产精品偷伦视频观看了| 欧美最新免费一区二区三区| 久久狼人影院| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 精品少妇内射三级| 大片电影免费在线观看免费| freevideosex欧美| 91午夜精品亚洲一区二区三区| 精品人妻熟女毛片av久久网站| 精品亚洲成a人片在线观看| 精品人妻熟女av久视频| 免费观看性生交大片5| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 伊人亚洲综合成人网| 欧美激情极品国产一区二区三区 | 制服丝袜香蕉在线| 在线播放无遮挡| 乱码一卡2卡4卡精品| 国产黄色视频一区二区在线观看| 久久青草综合色| 精品午夜福利在线看| 亚洲美女黄色视频免费看| av有码第一页| 日韩电影二区| 蜜桃久久精品国产亚洲av| 啦啦啦视频在线资源免费观看| 国产精品人妻久久久影院| 日韩av不卡免费在线播放| 亚洲国产日韩一区二区| 午夜影院在线不卡| 三级国产精品片| 我要看黄色一级片免费的| 久久影院123| 日日撸夜夜添| 汤姆久久久久久久影院中文字幕| 成人亚洲欧美一区二区av| 亚洲欧美成人精品一区二区| 乱人伦中国视频| 国产成人aa在线观看| 国精品久久久久久国模美| 爱豆传媒免费全集在线观看| 只有这里有精品99| 日韩成人伦理影院| 国产日韩欧美亚洲二区| 超碰97精品在线观看| 国内精品宾馆在线| 啦啦啦视频在线资源免费观看| √禁漫天堂资源中文www| 精品久久久久久久久亚洲| 成人免费观看视频高清| 国产淫语在线视频| 日韩视频在线欧美| 在线亚洲精品国产二区图片欧美 | 日本黄色片子视频| 国内精品宾馆在线| 日韩成人av中文字幕在线观看| 18禁裸乳无遮挡动漫免费视频| 国产一区二区三区av在线| 三级国产精品欧美在线观看| 国产在线免费精品| 日韩在线高清观看一区二区三区| a级片在线免费高清观看视频| av国产久精品久网站免费入址| 亚洲高清免费不卡视频| 午夜老司机福利剧场| 99久久精品国产国产毛片| 日韩亚洲欧美综合| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 狂野欧美激情性bbbbbb| a级毛色黄片| 香蕉精品网在线| 自线自在国产av| 伊人久久国产一区二区| 亚洲人成网站在线播| 乱人伦中国视频| 少妇精品久久久久久久| 又黄又爽又刺激的免费视频.| 亚洲三级黄色毛片| 国产又色又爽无遮挡免| 久久久久久久久久成人| 日本黄色日本黄色录像| videosex国产| 欧美日韩一区二区视频在线观看视频在线| 九九在线视频观看精品| 精品熟女少妇av免费看| 久久热精品热| 日本av免费视频播放| 国产国语露脸激情在线看| www.色视频.com| av又黄又爽大尺度在线免费看| 久久人人爽人人爽人人片va| 国产亚洲最大av| 久久精品久久精品一区二区三区| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| 99久国产av精品国产电影| 欧美xxxx性猛交bbbb| 婷婷色av中文字幕| 乱人伦中国视频| 久久狼人影院| 尾随美女入室| 性高湖久久久久久久久免费观看| 国产熟女欧美一区二区| 欧美精品人与动牲交sv欧美| 只有这里有精品99| 又大又黄又爽视频免费| 精品久久蜜臀av无| 激情五月婷婷亚洲| 建设人人有责人人尽责人人享有的| 少妇高潮的动态图| 午夜av观看不卡| av国产精品久久久久影院| 如何舔出高潮| 色网站视频免费| 精品久久久久久电影网| 亚洲av免费高清在线观看| 午夜视频国产福利| 日韩av不卡免费在线播放| a级毛片免费高清观看在线播放| 卡戴珊不雅视频在线播放| 亚洲精品国产av蜜桃| 十八禁网站网址无遮挡| 亚洲av欧美aⅴ国产| 久久久久精品久久久久真实原创| 国产精品免费大片| 亚洲人与动物交配视频| kizo精华| 3wmmmm亚洲av在线观看| 国产精品三级大全| 国产亚洲一区二区精品| 久久狼人影院| 制服丝袜香蕉在线| 国产精品国产三级国产av玫瑰| 亚洲四区av| 精品亚洲乱码少妇综合久久| 高清毛片免费看| av专区在线播放| 人妻一区二区av| 免费av不卡在线播放| 久久免费观看电影| 亚州av有码| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 精品视频人人做人人爽| 亚洲精品乱码久久久久久按摩| 日本wwww免费看| 亚洲精品,欧美精品| 一级毛片 在线播放| 在线观看国产h片| av卡一久久| 少妇 在线观看| 亚洲国产精品国产精品| 国产成人午夜福利电影在线观看| 国产精品一区二区在线观看99| 国产女主播在线喷水免费视频网站| 日本午夜av视频| 国产男人的电影天堂91| av在线播放精品| 99久久综合免费| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 熟妇人妻不卡中文字幕| av专区在线播放| 老司机亚洲免费影院| 欧美成人精品欧美一级黄| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲 | 最近2019中文字幕mv第一页| a级毛片黄视频| 下体分泌物呈黄色| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 中文字幕制服av| 亚洲丝袜综合中文字幕| av有码第一页| 亚洲精品久久久久久婷婷小说| 最近最新中文字幕免费大全7| 天堂8中文在线网| a级毛片黄视频| 久久精品国产鲁丝片午夜精品| 国产精品不卡视频一区二区| 肉色欧美久久久久久久蜜桃| 中文欧美无线码| av又黄又爽大尺度在线免费看| 高清不卡的av网站| 99热6这里只有精品| av在线老鸭窝| 少妇高潮的动态图| 国产极品天堂在线| 777米奇影视久久| 少妇猛男粗大的猛烈进出视频| 99热全是精品| 黄色欧美视频在线观看| 久久久久久久久久久免费av| 视频在线观看一区二区三区| 97超视频在线观看视频| 亚洲精品av麻豆狂野| 秋霞在线观看毛片| 免费少妇av软件| 夫妻性生交免费视频一级片| 欧美日韩在线观看h| 午夜久久久在线观看| 人妻人人澡人人爽人人| 久久久久久久大尺度免费视频| 午夜免费男女啪啪视频观看| 亚洲第一区二区三区不卡| 国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线 | 亚洲av免费高清在线观看| 内地一区二区视频在线| 午夜视频国产福利| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| 亚洲国产av新网站| 黄片播放在线免费| 熟女人妻精品中文字幕| 又黄又爽又刺激的免费视频.| 久久久久久久久久久免费av| 国产一区二区三区av在线| 久久久精品94久久精品| 一本一本综合久久| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区蜜桃 | 午夜免费男女啪啪视频观看| 国产成人精品久久久久久| 国产伦精品一区二区三区视频9| 男女边吃奶边做爰视频| 一本一本综合久久| 91成人精品电影| 国产精品一区二区在线观看99| 一区在线观看完整版| 成人18禁高潮啪啪吃奶动态图 | 久久久国产欧美日韩av| 日本黄色日本黄色录像| 日本与韩国留学比较| 精品一区在线观看国产| 在线 av 中文字幕| 国产精品麻豆人妻色哟哟久久| 日韩熟女老妇一区二区性免费视频| 亚洲色图 男人天堂 中文字幕 | 高清黄色对白视频在线免费看| 一级毛片 在线播放| 大片免费播放器 马上看| 精品99又大又爽又粗少妇毛片| 精品人妻熟女毛片av久久网站| 只有这里有精品99| 搡老乐熟女国产| 亚洲五月色婷婷综合| 国产av一区二区精品久久| 天天操日日干夜夜撸| 大码成人一级视频| 国内精品宾馆在线| 久久久久久久亚洲中文字幕| 夫妻性生交免费视频一级片| 亚洲欧洲国产日韩| 91在线精品国自产拍蜜月| 国产精品久久久久久精品古装| 中国美白少妇内射xxxbb| 亚洲国产av影院在线观看| 成年人午夜在线观看视频| 国产成人一区二区在线| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡 | 精品酒店卫生间| 高清av免费在线| 97在线人人人人妻| 五月伊人婷婷丁香| 青春草国产在线视频| 日韩一本色道免费dvd| 高清欧美精品videossex| 欧美+日韩+精品| 草草在线视频免费看| 九色亚洲精品在线播放| 国产精品.久久久| 夫妻午夜视频| 999精品在线视频| 国产免费一级a男人的天堂| xxxhd国产人妻xxx| 大又大粗又爽又黄少妇毛片口| 国产伦精品一区二区三区视频9| 欧美成人精品欧美一级黄| 久久久久久久久久人人人人人人| 中国国产av一级| 秋霞伦理黄片| 久久久久久伊人网av| 嘟嘟电影网在线观看| 国产成人精品久久久久久| √禁漫天堂资源中文www| 中文字幕亚洲精品专区| 欧美xxⅹ黑人| 久久ye,这里只有精品| 少妇精品久久久久久久| 亚洲av二区三区四区| 3wmmmm亚洲av在线观看| 丝袜美足系列| 国产乱人偷精品视频| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| 国产成人精品婷婷| 国产老妇伦熟女老妇高清| 91成人精品电影| 欧美xxⅹ黑人| xxx大片免费视频| 精品国产国语对白av| 中文字幕免费在线视频6| 国产免费现黄频在线看| 少妇人妻久久综合中文| 插阴视频在线观看视频| 久久婷婷青草| 最新的欧美精品一区二区| 日韩成人av中文字幕在线观看| 自线自在国产av| 日本-黄色视频高清免费观看| 亚洲一级一片aⅴ在线观看| a 毛片基地| 99re6热这里在线精品视频| 人人妻人人澡人人看| 久久国内精品自在自线图片| 成人午夜精彩视频在线观看| 国产精品无大码| 美女内射精品一级片tv| 在线观看一区二区三区激情| 日韩av在线免费看完整版不卡| 观看美女的网站| 99久久人妻综合| 国产女主播在线喷水免费视频网站| 成人影院久久| 91精品国产九色| 熟女电影av网| 一级毛片电影观看| 超碰97精品在线观看| 久久久久久久久久久免费av| 亚洲精品色激情综合| 久久人人爽人人片av| 少妇高潮的动态图| 国产一区亚洲一区在线观看| 人妻少妇偷人精品九色| 一个人看视频在线观看www免费| 精品一区二区免费观看| 丝袜脚勾引网站| 久久久久久久久久成人| 美女国产视频在线观看| 日韩 亚洲 欧美在线| 91精品国产九色| 日韩熟女老妇一区二区性免费视频| 亚州av有码| 天堂俺去俺来也www色官网| 亚洲av二区三区四区| 高清av免费在线| 久热久热在线精品观看| 国产精品久久久久久久电影| 精品一区在线观看国产| 中文字幕免费在线视频6| 成人毛片60女人毛片免费| 99九九线精品视频在线观看视频| 乱人伦中国视频| 亚洲精品日韩在线中文字幕| 美女福利国产在线| 日韩电影二区| 观看av在线不卡| 亚洲精品日本国产第一区| 精品人妻熟女毛片av久久网站| 18禁裸乳无遮挡动漫免费视频| 建设人人有责人人尽责人人享有的| 久久女婷五月综合色啪小说| 色哟哟·www| 蜜桃久久精品国产亚洲av| 男人操女人黄网站| 欧美成人精品欧美一级黄| 国产一区二区三区av在线| 性色av一级| 91国产中文字幕| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区国产| 亚洲一区二区三区欧美精品| 免费观看性生交大片5| 成人综合一区亚洲| 国产精品一国产av| 老司机影院成人| 大香蕉久久网| 精品一区在线观看国产| 伊人久久国产一区二区| 只有这里有精品99| 国产精品久久久久成人av| 精品人妻熟女毛片av久久网站| 亚洲综合色网址| 99热这里只有精品一区| 视频在线观看一区二区三区| 日韩欧美精品免费久久| 亚洲精品一二三| 国产欧美另类精品又又久久亚洲欧美| 国产精品久久久久久精品古装| 大话2 男鬼变身卡| 午夜福利视频精品| 另类亚洲欧美激情| 日韩大片免费观看网站| 啦啦啦啦在线视频资源| 满18在线观看网站| 91精品伊人久久大香线蕉| 国产精品人妻久久久久久| 亚洲一级一片aⅴ在线观看| 久热久热在线精品观看| 国产永久视频网站| 一级毛片我不卡| 国产探花极品一区二区| 一级a做视频免费观看| 97在线人人人人妻| 制服诱惑二区| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 亚洲人成77777在线视频| 天堂8中文在线网| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看| 久久久久久久久大av| 美女视频免费永久观看网站| 男女啪啪激烈高潮av片| 一本大道久久a久久精品| 久久精品国产亚洲av涩爱| 男女高潮啪啪啪动态图| 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| 成人国产麻豆网| 麻豆精品久久久久久蜜桃| 午夜福利网站1000一区二区三区| 一区二区三区免费毛片| 欧美日本中文国产一区发布| 久久ye,这里只有精品| 欧美一级a爱片免费观看看| 国产精品秋霞免费鲁丝片| 国产无遮挡羞羞视频在线观看| 国产精品 国内视频| 中文字幕精品免费在线观看视频 | 免费人成在线观看视频色| 国产成人免费观看mmmm| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 欧美最新免费一区二区三区| 亚洲情色 制服丝袜| 午夜免费观看性视频| 精品久久蜜臀av无| 亚洲精品一区蜜桃| 少妇丰满av| 亚洲成人一二三区av| 亚洲精品日韩av片在线观看| 纯流量卡能插随身wifi吗| av免费观看日本| 国产精品蜜桃在线观看| 精品国产一区二区久久| av黄色大香蕉| 在线观看三级黄色| 久久久精品免费免费高清| 男女高潮啪啪啪动态图| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看| 精品久久久久久久久av| 国产又色又爽无遮挡免| 成人影院久久| 亚洲精品一二三| 国产成人av激情在线播放 | 久久国产精品大桥未久av| 亚洲欧美日韩卡通动漫| 精品少妇黑人巨大在线播放| 久久影院123| kizo精华| av天堂久久9| 蜜桃在线观看..| 久久97久久精品| 亚洲av二区三区四区| 久久青草综合色| 91精品三级在线观看| 国产精品女同一区二区软件| a级片在线免费高清观看视频| 亚洲精品久久午夜乱码| 国产在线免费精品| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 一级,二级,三级黄色视频| 嫩草影院入口| 国产高清三级在线| 少妇高潮的动态图| 啦啦啦视频在线资源免费观看| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 免费看av在线观看网站| 国产一区二区在线观看日韩| 久久久久久久亚洲中文字幕| 欧美性感艳星| 你懂的网址亚洲精品在线观看| 午夜激情福利司机影院| 人人妻人人澡人人看| 日本欧美视频一区| 成人漫画全彩无遮挡| 女人久久www免费人成看片| av国产久精品久网站免费入址| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 丰满饥渴人妻一区二区三| 亚洲av男天堂| 中国美白少妇内射xxxbb| 成人无遮挡网站| 欧美亚洲 丝袜 人妻 在线| 丁香六月天网| 美女xxoo啪啪120秒动态图| 国产有黄有色有爽视频| 久久韩国三级中文字幕| 成人毛片a级毛片在线播放|