觀點(diǎn)對(duì)立型議論文讀寫指南

劉如玲

文體導(dǎo)讀

觀點(diǎn)對(duì)立型議論文，也稱為辯論型文章，是一種旨在通過(guò)對(duì)不同觀點(diǎn)的比較和對(duì)立，闡述作者對(duì)特定問(wèn)題或話題的立場(chǎng)的文體。這種文章通常以引出具有爭(zhēng)議性的話題或問(wèn)題作為開(kāi)端，提出至少兩種對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，并對(duì)每種觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析和評(píng)估。這種類型的議論文要求作者具備扎實(shí)的邏輯思維和分析能力，能夠全面理解和評(píng)估不同觀點(diǎn)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，同時(shí)還要有清晰的表達(dá)和組織思路的能力。通過(guò)逐一討論不同觀點(diǎn)并提出自己的想法，作者能夠促使讀者對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行全面思考，并最終形成自己的判斷。

策略導(dǎo)航

1. 細(xì)讀和理解題目：在閱讀一篇觀點(diǎn)對(duì)立型議論文前，要先認(rèn)真閱讀題目和要求，確保對(duì)題目理解清晰。明確題目是要求表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)還是要求討論各個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的利弊，以便在閱讀和寫作過(guò)程中針對(duì)性地尋找信息和展開(kāi)論述。

2. 尋找主題句和關(guān)鍵詞：找出每個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的主題句和關(guān)鍵詞，以理解每個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的核心論點(diǎn)。特別是在寫作時(shí)，使用主題句和關(guān)鍵詞可以確保每段的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)清晰和緊湊。

3. 使用合適的過(guò)渡詞：使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡詞和短語(yǔ)，如however、on the other hand、by contrast等，來(lái)引導(dǎo)讀者理解不同觀點(diǎn)之間的對(duì)比或?qū)α㈥P(guān)系。這有助于提高文章的邏輯性和連貫性。

4. 平衡論述和客觀分析：保持平衡和客觀是提高觀點(diǎn)對(duì)立型議論文質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵。確保每個(gè)觀點(diǎn)都得到一定程度的論證，盡量避免自身立場(chǎng)帶來(lái)的偏頗。在寫作時(shí)，切勿陷入個(gè)人情緒或使用言辭激烈的表達(dá)。

5. 重點(diǎn)練習(xí)批駁和反駁觀點(diǎn)：觀點(diǎn)對(duì)立型議論文中，批駁和反駁對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)是重要的一環(huán)。在寫作過(guò)程中，應(yīng)盡量找出對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)的漏洞、不足之處或邏輯矛盾，并以客觀而有說(shuō)服力的方式進(jìn)行反駁。

6. 分析優(yōu)秀范文：選擇一些優(yōu)秀的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)立型議論文范文，分析其中的行文結(jié)構(gòu)、論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)以及寫作手法。學(xué)習(xí)優(yōu)秀范文中的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用和邏輯推理等技巧，可以為自己的寫作提供參考和帶來(lái)靈感。

素材導(dǎo)背

1. 引出話題

The issue/topic of...is of great significance/importance. 關(guān)于……的問(wèn)題/話題十分重要。

Nowadays， it has become increasingly common to talk about... 如今，人們?cè)絹?lái)越普遍地談?wù)摗?/p>

In contemporary society， more and more people are concerned about... 在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，越來(lái)越多的人關(guān)心……

With the development of...， the issue of...has become more and more significant. 隨著……的發(fā)展，……問(wèn)題已經(jīng)變得越來(lái)越重要。

Recently， there has been a growing concern among people about the issue of... 近來(lái)，有越來(lái)越多的人關(guān)注……問(wèn)題。

2. 贊成觀點(diǎn)

It is indisputable that... ……是毋庸置疑的。

Everyone can agree that... 每個(gè)人可能都同意……

There is no doubt that... 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……

Undoubtedly， ... 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，……

It is universally acknowledged that... 人們普遍認(rèn)為……

3. 反駁觀點(diǎn)

It is true that...， but it is only half the truth. 的確……，但這只是事實(shí)的一部分。

Some people argue that...， but they overlook/refuse to admit... 有些人認(rèn)為……，但他們忽略了/拒絕承認(rèn)……

One common argument against...is that...， but this argument fails to recognize that... 對(duì)于……一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的反對(duì)論點(diǎn)是……，但這一論點(diǎn)未能認(rèn)識(shí)到……

Although it may seem that...， upon closer examination， it becomes clear that... 盡管看起來(lái)……，但經(jīng)仔細(xì)審查，就能明白……

Many critics claim that... However， a closer scrutiny reveals that... 很多批評(píng)家聲稱……，但更仔細(xì)的審視發(fā)現(xiàn)……

4. 表達(dá)對(duì)另一種觀點(diǎn)的認(rèn)同

I agree with...and believe that... 我同意……，且相信……

While I grant that...， I nevertheless believe that... 雖然我承認(rèn)…… ，但我依然相信……

Although I grant that...， I cannot agree with... 盡管我承認(rèn)……，但我無(wú)法同意……

While it may be true that...， the evidence suggests that... 雖然……可能是對(duì)的，但證據(jù)表明……

It is true that...and deserves recognition， but... 確實(shí)……值得肯定，但……

5. 表示選擇

The advantages or disadvantages of...should be carefully considered before making a decision. 在做出決定之前，需要仔細(xì)評(píng)估……的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

It is difficult to decide whether...or...， but after careful consideration， I choose... 很難決定是……還是……，但經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)考慮后，我選擇……

When weighing the advantages and disadvantages of...， we must consider... 在權(quán)衡……的利弊時(shí)，我們必須考慮……

6. 發(fā)表作者觀點(diǎn)

In my opinion/view， ... 在我看來(lái)，……

From my standpoint/perspective， ... 從我的角度來(lái)看，……

I am convinced that... 我堅(jiān)信……

My firm belief is that... 我堅(jiān)信……

I completely/strongly oppose/support... 我完全/強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)/支持……

7. 總結(jié)全文

to sum up/in conclusion 總之/最后

all in all 總的來(lái)說(shuō)

in summary/overall 總的來(lái)說(shuō)

to conclude 總之

ultimately/in the end 最終

consequently 因此

in brief 簡(jiǎn)而言之

in short 簡(jiǎn)言之

8. 其他表達(dá)及高頻銜接詞

One striking example is... 一個(gè)顯著的例子是……

On the one hand， ... On the other hand， ... 一方面，……；另一方面，……

conversely 相反地

in spite of 盡管

furthermore 此外；而且

additionally 此外；還

not only that 不止如此

Another reason is... 另一個(gè)原因是……

It is also worth noting that... 同樣值得注意的是……

One notable advantage is... 一個(gè)顯著的優(yōu)勢(shì)是……

Another advantage is... 另一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)是……

that is to say 也就是說(shuō)

in other words 換句話說(shuō)

to put it simply 簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)

undoubtedly 無(wú)疑

likewise 同樣

in comparison 相比之下

compared to 與……相比

on the contrary 相反地

as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上

needless to say 不用說(shuō)

admittedly 不可否認(rèn)地

after all 畢竟

案例導(dǎo)練

Celebrating academic achievement： Cultural celebrations or harmful distinction？

慶祝學(xué)業(yè)成就：文化慶祝還是有害區(qū)分？

In various regions across the country， different celebrations take place after the annualcollege entrance examination to acknowledge those who have been admitted to key universities.This practice stirs both support and opposition， with conflicting views on itsimplications.

Proponents argue that these celebrations not only honor academic achievement butalso promote a culture that encourages hard work and dedication. By publicly acknowledgingthe achievers， it inspires other students to strive for success and highlights the importanceof education.

Supporters also claim that these parades create a sense of pride and unity within communities.People come together to celebrate the accomplishments of the achievers， fosteringa shared joy and a collective belief in the value of education.

However， critics argue that such grand celebrations place excessive pressure on theachievers. The attention and expectations may burden these students， making it difficult forthem to maintain a healthy balance in their lives. The excessive focus on academic successmay lead to stress， anxiety， and other mental health issues.

Furthermore， these celebrations can constantly stress a narrow definition of success，ignoring the numerous talents and skills students possess beyond academic study. This cancreate a sense of competition and exclusion among students， where only those with exceptionalexam performance are valued， thereby neglecting the importance of overalldevelopment.

While celebrating academic achievement is important， it is crucial to strike a balance.Rather than excessively glorifying the achievers， we should recognize and appreciate the diversetalents and interests of all students. Frequent emphasis on academic success mayruin the importance of personal growth， well?being， and alternative paths to success.

Ultimately， it is essential that we foster a supportive and inclusive educational environmentthat values individual achievements， encourages overall development， and appreciatesthe unique talents of all students.

一、閱讀自測(cè)

1. How does the author start this article？

A. By telling a story.

B. By explaining a scene.

C. By giving several examples.

D. By describing some phenomena.

2. Which word has the closest meaning to the underlined word “Proponents” in paragraph 2？

A. Critics.

B. Experts.

C. Supporters.

D. Employees.

3. What is the potential negative effect of grand celebrations for the achievers？

A. Negative criticism.

B. Excessive pressure.

C. Physical health issues.

D. Sustainable competition.

4. What do paragraph 5 and paragraph 6 mainly talk about？

A. The importance of overall development for a student.

B. Some better ways to celebrate academic achievement.

C. The negative impacts of celebrating academic achievement.

D. Some of the author's opinions about the true meaning of success.

二、語(yǔ)言汲取

（一）關(guān)于慶祝學(xué)業(yè)的表達(dá)

1. 支持慶祝學(xué)業(yè)

acknowledge the achievers 認(rèn)可成績(jī)優(yōu)異者

honor academic achievement 贊揚(yáng)學(xué)術(shù)成就

promote a culture that encourages hard work and dedication 推崇鼓勵(lì)努力和奉獻(xiàn)的文化

highlight the importance of education 強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的重要性

foster a shared joy and a collective belief in the value of education 培養(yǎng)共同的快樂(lè)和對(duì)教育價(jià)值的集體信念

recognize and appreciate the diverse talents and interests of all students 承認(rèn)和欣賞所有學(xué)生的多種才能和興趣

foster a supportive and inclusive educational environment 培養(yǎng)支持和包容的教育環(huán)境

value individual achievements 重視個(gè)人成就

encourage overall development 鼓勵(lì)全面發(fā)展

appreciate the unique talents of all students 欣賞所有學(xué)生的獨(dú)特才能

2. 反對(duì)慶祝學(xué)業(yè)

place excessive pressure on the achievers 給成績(jī)優(yōu)異者施加過(guò)大壓力

burden these students 給這些學(xué)生造成負(fù)擔(dān)

make it difficult to maintain a healthy balance in their lives 使他們難以在生活中保持健康的平衡

lead to stress， anxiety， and other mental health issues 導(dǎo)致壓力、焦慮和其他心理健康問(wèn)題

constantly stress a narrow definition of success 持續(xù)地強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)成功的狹隘定義

ignore the numerous talents and skills students possess beyond academic study 忽視學(xué)生在學(xué)術(shù)之外所擁有的眾多才能與技能

create a sense of competition and exclusion among students 讓學(xué)生之間產(chǎn)生競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和排斥的感覺(jué)

neglect the importance of overall development 忽視全面發(fā)展的重要性

（二）精彩表達(dá)

1. The attention and expectations may burden these students， making it difficult forthem to maintain a healthy balance in their lives. 這些關(guān)注和期望可能給這些學(xué)生帶來(lái)負(fù)擔(dān)，使他們難以在生活中保持健康的平衡。

本句中，making it difficult for them to maintain a healthy balance in their lives 為現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，使用了make it+adj.+for sb to do sth的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“使得對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事……”。

2. This can create a sense of competition and exclusion among students， where onlythose with exceptional exam performance are valued， thereby neglecting the importance ofoverall development. 這可能會(huì)讓學(xué)生之間產(chǎn)生競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和排斥的感覺(jué)，只有那些考試成績(jī)優(yōu)異的學(xué)生才會(huì)受到重視，從而忽視了全面發(fā)展的重要性。

本句中，where引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為表示抽象化、模糊化地點(diǎn)的名詞sense；neglecting the importance of overall development為現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

3. Ultimately， it is essential that we foster a supportive and inclusive educational environmentthat values individual achievements， encourages overall development， and appreciatesthe unique talents of all students. 最重要的是，我們需要營(yíng)造一個(gè)支持和包容的教育環(huán)境，重視個(gè)體的成就，鼓勵(lì)全面發(fā)展，并欣賞所有學(xué)生的獨(dú)特才能。

本句中，it is essential that we...students使用的是“it be+adj.+that...”句型，該句型意為“……是……的”，在此句型中，it為形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。

三、句式仿寫

1. 過(guò)度強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)業(yè)成就會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些不良影響，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致忽視學(xué)生性格發(fā)展和整體成長(zhǎng)的重要性。

Overemphasizing academic achievements can lead to several bad impacts，____________________.

2. 學(xué)校應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造一個(gè)鼓勵(lì)和重視慶祝學(xué)業(yè)成就的環(huán)境。

The school should create an environment ___________________.

3. 慶祝學(xué)業(yè)成就很重要，不僅是為了認(rèn)可個(gè)人的成就，也是為了培養(yǎng)卓越教育的文化。

___________not only to recognize individual accomplishments but also to foster a culture of educational excellence.

四、寫作實(shí)踐

近期，Crazy English 雜志社就“家長(zhǎng)是否應(yīng)該慶祝學(xué)業(yè)成就”開(kāi)展了征文活動(dòng)，下表是你班就此話題討論的結(jié)果。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下表數(shù)據(jù)寫一篇參賽短文。

內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：

1. 主要觀點(diǎn)的介紹；

2. 你的看法。

注意：

1. 篇幅80詞左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 至少需要使用兩個(gè)前文中解析過(guò)的句式。

評(píng)價(jià)導(dǎo)思