中考英語樣卷完形填空題解析

曲永華

完形填空設題通常分為兩種：詞義辨析與語法結(jié)構(gòu)，習慣搭配與語境推理。如何解答此類試題才能獲得高分呢？

在做完形填空題時，通常先弄清語境，并依據(jù)上下文進行合理的分析、判斷，才能做出恰當?shù)倪x擇。具體可分為以下三步。

一、通讀全文，掌握大意

理解全文是突破完形填空題難關的基礎。要快速地閱讀全文，盡管有空格、生詞和不理解的地方，仍要堅持快速地讀完全文。閱讀時要注意找出關鍵詞、中心詞，畫出某些代表人物和情節(jié)的詞，以便于形成思路。千萬不能在未掌握全文大意的情況下，邊閱讀邊做題。

二、瞻前顧后，了解上下文

通讀全文后，回過頭來再讀空格所在的句子，回顧上一句，兼顧下一句。如果一句中有兩個空格，在初定答案時，要“兩手抓”，在兩處同時試填，然后確定答案。遇到少數(shù)沒有把握的選項時，可暫時跳過空格，還按原來的思路繼續(xù)進行，等到大部分答案選出后，根據(jù)已經(jīng)補全的信息，進一步增強對全文的理解，再琢磨剩下的選項，就會清楚地理解空格處要填的詞匯。

三、分析語境，進行詞義推敲

把填好的全文閱讀一遍，進行核查，看所選的答案是否能使上下文連貫，是否合乎邏輯，同時還要從語法、詞匯、固定搭配、常識甚至語感等方面考慮驗證，特別要對第一次沒有把握的選項，仔細斟酌推敲。

下面對2024年遼寧省初中學業(yè)水平考試英語樣卷完形填空試題進行解讀。

A lark （云雀） made her nest （鳥巢） in a field of young wheat （小麥）. In this nest were three baby larks. The mother had to fly away every day to get them21 . All around them the wheat grew tall and began to ripen （成熟）.

One day， a farmer and his son came to the22 .The farmer said， “This wheat is ripe. We must ask someone to help us23it.”

Hearing what they said， the larks were in great24because they were afraid of losing their home. When their mother got back to the nest， they at once told her what they had heard.

“We must25at once！” said the young larks. “Or the men will come and kill us.”

“There is no need to26now， my children，” said the mother. “We are quite safe at present. The man who waits for others to help him with his27is not to be feared. But when they come again， listen and tell me what they say.”

A few days later， the farmer found that the wheat was so ripe. He said to his son，“ 28this wheat is not cut at once， we will lose half of them. We cant afford to wait any longer for help from others. Tomorrow we must start to work， ourselves.”

When the young larks told their mother what they had heard that day， she said， “Ah！ Its29for us to leave now. When a man decides to do his own work and not to30

anyone else， then it is sure to be done.”

By this time the little larks could fly， so the next day， they flew away to a new home.

（）21. A. time B. food C. fun D. space

（）22. A. house ? ? ? B. market ? ? ? C. field ? ? ? ? ? D. park

（）23. A. eat ? ? ? ? B. cut ? ? ? ? C. sell ? ? ? ? ? D. grow

（）24. A. fear ? ? ? ? B. happiness ? C. excitement ? ? D. surprise

（）25. A. sleep ? ? ? ? B. stop ? ? ? ? C. shout ? ? ? ? D. move

（）26. A. worry ? ? ? B. regret ? ? ? C. check ? ? ? ? D. practice

（）27. A. study ? ? ? B. health ? ? ? C. work ? ? ? ? D. exercise

（）28. A. Unless ? ? ? B. Although ? ? C. Until ? ? ? ? D. If

（）29. A. necessary ? B. difficult ? ? C. impossible ? ? D. interesting

（）30. A. look after ? B. laugh at ? ? C. listen to ? ? ? D. depend on

故事梗概：本文選自《伊索寓言》中的故事——《百靈鳥和它的孩子們》。大意是：有一只云雀把家安在一片青嫩的麥田里。當麥子熟了的時候，為了安全它們就不得不搬走，所以在麥子收割之前，云雀沉著冷靜，抓住機會，吩咐它的孩子們苦練飛行本領，終于在麥子收割之前能夠翱翔天空，安全抵達新家。故事同時也告訴我們一個道理：“當一個人要叫上他的朋友來幫忙，那就意味著這件事暫時還不會被做；當一個人決定去做自己的事情而不依賴任何人，那你就可以確信不會再有任何耽擱了?！?/p>

注：lark：n. 百靈（百靈科鳥的統(tǒng)稱）；云雀

樣題解析：

21. B。此題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“這位母親每天都要飛去給它們尋找_________。”

四個選項含義分別為：A.時間B.食物C.樂趣D.空間。結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)句意，選項B符合語境。

22. C。此題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“一天，一個農(nóng)民和他的兒子來到_________?！?/p>

四個選項含義分別為：A.房子B.市場C.田野D.公園。結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)句意，選項C符合語境。

23. B。 此題考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“農(nóng)夫說： ‘這些小麥已經(jīng)成熟了，我們必須請人幫我們_________它?！?四個選項含義分別為：A.吃 B. 割 C. 賣 D. 生長。結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)句意，選項B符合語境。

24. A。此題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“聽到他們說的話，云雀們非常_________，因為他們害怕失去家園?！彼膫€選項含義分別為：A.恐懼B.幸福C.興奮D.驚訝。結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)句意，選項A符合語境。

25. D。此題考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“‘我們必須馬上_________！小云雀說。”四個選項含義分別為：A.睡覺B.停止C.喊叫D.移動。結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)句意，選項D符合語境。

26. A。此題考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“‘我的孩子們，現(xiàn)在沒有必要_________，母親說?！彼膫€選項含義分別為：A.擔心B.后悔C.檢查D.練習。結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)句意，選項A符合語境。

27. C。此題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我們目前相當安全。等待別人幫助他完成_________的人是不可怕的。但是當他們再來的時候，聽著，告訴我他們說了什么?！彼膫€選項含義分別為：A.學習B.健康C.工作D.鍛煉。結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)句意，選項C符合語境。

28. D。此題考查狀語從句連接詞用法。句意：“他對兒子說：‘這些小麥_________

不能馬上收割，我們會損失一半。”四個選項含義分別為：A.除非是 B .雖然是 C. 直到 D.如果。結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)句意，選項D符合語境。

29. A。此題考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“當小云雀把那天聽到的話告訴它們的母親時，她說：‘??！我們現(xiàn)在_________該走了?！彼膫€選項含義分別為：A.必要B.困難C.不可能D.有趣。結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)句意，選項A符合語境。

30. D。此題考查動詞短語辨析。句意：“當一個人決定做他自己的工作而不_________

任何人時，那么這件事就一定會做?！彼膫€選項含義分別為：A.照顧 B. 笑 C. 聽 D. 依賴。結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)句意，選項D符合語境。

實戰(zhàn)演練：

【導語】本文作者以自己的經(jīng)歷告訴我們父母正確的價值觀會對孩子產(chǎn)生很大的影響。

I remember the year when I was seven years old. I__1__ a pretty hair clip from a girl in my dance class. My__2__ found the shiny clip was not bought by them. So they sat me down on the floor of our study and explained__3__ what I had done was wrong. What a bad end I would come to if I became a thief—people would not trust me any more.

More than thirty years on， the lesson has reminded me a lot. Ive never taken__4__ that was not mine away. Once， I left a store wearing a pair of sunglasses Id tried on and then I__5__ gave it back. But that gave me the feeling of shame for months.

Though my childhood memories are not__6__， such moments when my parents told me good values are always in my mind. They provided a standard of good__7__： to put myself in others shoes and to control my greed （貪欲）.

The social environment in the coming age__8__ each generations value， but families have the deeper effect on children. The right values from our parents can finally lead us to__9__.

I believe in truth because my parents raise me to do so， even though sometimes my opinions are different from theirs. I believe in__10__ because my parents set me good examples. They cure the sick and visit the lonely. I believe in working hard because my parents devote themselves to the society. Good values from my family have shaped me. And I will pass them on to my kids.

（）1. A. borrowed B. discovered C. stole D. pulled

（）2. A. friends B. classmates C. teachers D. parents

（）3. A. why B. where C. how D. when

（）4. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything

（）5. A. quickly B. simply C. happily D. easily

（）6. A. wonderful B. clear C. funny D. different

（）7. A. abilities B. qualities C. scores D. services

（）8. A. confirms B. decides C. influences D. proves

（）9. A. look up B. grow up C. turn up D. hurry up

（）10. A. kindness B. fitness C. carefulness D. happiness

【答案】1-5.CDADA ? ?6-10.BBCBA

（作者單位：遼寧省東港市黑溝學校）