內(nèi)蒙古的治沙新妙招

內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)地處中國(guó)北部邊疆，東西綿延2 400多公里，自西向東分布著四大沙漠和四大沙地。但內(nèi)蒙古人民通過(guò)自己的雙手，在荒漠中創(chuàng)造了一片片令人矚目的“綠色奇跡”。如今，科技的進(jìn)步更是為治沙工作帶來(lái)了翻天覆地的變化。內(nèi)蒙古人民將傳統(tǒng)智慧與現(xiàn)代科技相結(jié)合，創(chuàng)造出一系列治沙的新“招式”。那么他們到底有些什么樣的“治沙秘籍”呢？

Stretching over 2，400 kilometers fromeast to west， Inner Mongolia in North Chinais home to four major deserts and vast sandyregions. Yet， through hard work， the peopleof Inner Mongolia have achieved remarkable“green miracles” in these once barrenlandscapes. Today， technological advancementshave further revolutionized their desertificationcontrol efforts. By blending traditional wisdomwith modern technology， they’ve developeda range of innovative techniques to combatdesert encroachment. But what exactly are their“secret weapons”？

吞沙巨獸

Sand-swallowing Beasts

在過(guò)去，防沙治沙主要依賴(lài)人工，效率相對(duì)較低。現(xiàn)在，科技的發(fā)展給我們帶來(lái)了新的工具——多功能立體固沙車(chē)，這就是人們所說(shuō)的“吞沙巨獸”。它的外形有點(diǎn)像大型拖拉機(jī)，可以在沙漠地區(qū)進(jìn)行植物播種、灌溉等多種操作，將治沙和造林合二為一。首先，“吞沙巨獸”會(huì)將麥草、稻草等原材料壓縮成卷，放入車(chē)內(nèi)的專(zhuān)門(mén)草料箱中，之后它會(huì)自動(dòng)分配這些草料，并將其植入深約25厘米的沙地中，形成穩(wěn)固的草方格沙障。這樣的草方格能夠有效地防風(fēng)固沙，保持沙漠中的水分，為植物生長(zhǎng)提供良好的土壤環(huán)境，故被稱(chēng)為“固沙魔方”。

In the past， efforts to combat desertificationrelied heavily on manual labor， which was relativelyinefficient. Today， technological advances haveintroduced a new type of multi-functional sandfixingvehicle， nicknamed the “sand-swallowingbeast.” Resembling a large tractor， this machinecombines planting and irrigation and other tasksinto one process， making it highly effective for bothdesert management and afforestation. The processbegins with the “sand-swallowing beast” compressingmaterials like wheat straw and rice straw into rolls，which are then loaded into a special compartmentwithin the vehicle. It automatically distributes andplants these materials into the sand， embedding themabout 25 centimeters deep to create robust strawgrid barriers. These grids help reduce wind erosion，stabilize sand， and retain moisture， creating an idealenvironment for plant growth. For this reason， themachine is also dubbed the “sand-stabilizing magiccube.”

“吞沙巨獸”的工作效果是非常驚人的。據(jù)操作人員介紹，一臺(tái)固沙車(chē)每小時(shí)能種下2 000株植物，覆蓋沙地面積8.5畝，相當(dāng)于人工治沙的50 ～ 80 倍。此外，固沙車(chē)還能根據(jù)沙地的具體條件，靈活調(diào)整相關(guān)參數(shù)，以適應(yīng)不同種類(lèi)的植物生長(zhǎng)，提高植物的存活率。數(shù)據(jù)表明，在采用“吞沙巨獸”進(jìn)行沙漠綠化的地區(qū)，植物的存活率大于80%，而且生長(zhǎng)速度也比人工種植的快很多。

The efficiency of the “sand-swallowing beast”is impressive. Operators report that a single vehiclecan plant up to 2，000 plants per hour， covering anarea of 8.5 mu （about 1.4 acres） of desert — makingit 50 to 80 times more efficient than manual labor.The vehicle’s parameters can be adjusted based on thetype of sand and the plants being grown， significantlyincreasing the survival rate of the vegetation. In areaswhere the machine has been deployed， plant survivalrates exceed 80%， and growth is noticeably fastercompared to manual planting.

因此， 在短短的一年內(nèi)， 騰格里沙漠南部邊緣形成了2 000多畝的草方格沙障，組成了堅(jiān)實(shí)的防沙屏障。

As a result， in just one year， over 2，000 mu（about 329 acres） of straw grid sand barriers havebeen established along the southern edge of theTengger Desert， creating a powerful shield againstdesertification.

護(hù)林特工

Forest Protection Agents

在庫(kù)布齊沙漠恩格貝生態(tài)示范區(qū)植樹(shù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，新型“護(hù)林特工”——無(wú)人植樹(shù)機(jī)器人正在栽種沙柳苗。一排長(zhǎng)約30米的沙柳苗栽種下來(lái)，整個(gè)過(guò)程不到2分鐘。這款機(jī)器人融合了多項(xiàng)技術(shù)，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)人化、規(guī)?；?、全天候種植作業(yè)，它的種植效率相較于傳統(tǒng)人工種植提高了近40 倍。

At the tree planting site in the Engebei EcologicalDemonstration Zone of the Kubuqi Desert， a newtype of “forest protection agents” — unmannedtree-planting robots — has been hard at work. Thisadvanced machine can plant a row of desert willowseedlings about 30 meters long in under two minutes.By integrating cutting-edge technologies， this robotenables automated， large-scale， all-weather plantingoperations， boasting an efficiency nearly 40 timesgreater than traditional manual planting.

這種新型的“特工”可以利用衛(wèi)星定位、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、人工智能和云服務(wù)技術(shù)進(jìn)行自動(dòng)化種植。在植被生長(zhǎng)期，人們就可以通過(guò)云端遠(yuǎn)程管理系統(tǒng)，對(duì)植被進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)定位和定期觀測(cè)。

This innovative “agent” is equipped with satellitepositioning， the Internet of Things （IoT）， artificialintelligence， and cloud service technology， allowing forfully automated planting. Once the seedlings are in theground， the growth process is monitored remotely viaa cloud-based system， providing precise positioningand real-time updates on the vegetation’s progress.

在一些地形復(fù)雜、人工造林困難的地區(qū)，植樹(shù)機(jī)器人可以適應(yīng)不同的地形條件，進(jìn)行有效的造林作業(yè)。此外，相較于人工造林，“植樹(shù)機(jī)器人”成本低、易于生產(chǎn)和組裝，也更易于大規(guī)模運(yùn)用。

In areas with difficult terrain， where manualplanting is challenging， these robots adapt easily tovarious land conditions， making afforestation effortsmore efficient. Not only are they more cost-effectivethan manual labor， but they’re also easier to produceand assemble， making them ideal for large-scaleapplication.

沙漠“神話”

A Desert “Miracle”

把黃河的水引到沙漠，這在很多人看來(lái)仿佛是天方夜譚。但在內(nèi)蒙古，十年時(shí)間，這個(gè)神話變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。

Bringing water from the Yellow River intothe desert might sound like a fantasy， but in InnerMongolia， a decade of dedicated effort has made it areality.

庫(kù)布齊沙漠位于河套平原黃河“幾”字彎南岸，該地及周邊區(qū)域水資源非常匱乏，草原、森林、湖泊等眾多自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)都面臨嚴(yán)重的退化和破壞。在庫(kù)布齊沙漠生態(tài)治理的初期，人們主要采取退耕還林、還草以及植樹(shù)造林的方式，但因水資源短缺，收效比較小。2013年，國(guó)家決定實(shí)施“引黃入沙”工程，將黃河水引入庫(kù)布齊沙漠腹地。

The Kubuqi Desert lies on the southern bankof the Yellow River’s iconic upside-down “U”-shaped bend in the Hetao Plain， an area that haslong suffered from severe water shortages. Naturalecosystems， including grasslands， forests， and lakes，have been heavily degraded. Early efforts at ecologicalrestoration， such as converting farmland back toforests and grasslands and planting trees， met withlimited success due to the lack of water. Then in 2013，the government launched the ambitious Yellow RiverWater Diversion Project， channeling water deep intothe heart of the Kubuqi Desert.

經(jīng)過(guò)近十年的努力，沙漠漸漸變濕地，水鳥(niǎo)和野生動(dòng)物也紛紛趕來(lái)定居。當(dāng)?shù)匕傩辗e極參與，造生態(tài)圍堤，筑綠色屏障，還建起淤泥壩和退水閘，在枯水期還清水于黃河。幾年下來(lái)，庫(kù)布齊沙漠已建成近100平方公里的濕地，相當(dāng)于14 000個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)足球場(chǎng)。

After nearly a decade of hard work， the oncearid desert has slowly transformed into wetlands，attracting waterfowl and wildlife to return. Localresidents have played a key role in the restoration，building ecological embankments， creating greenbarriers， and constructing silt dams and drainagegates to ensure clear water is returned to the YellowRiver during dry seasons. Today， the Kubuqi Desertboasts nearly 100 square kilometers of wetlands — anarea equivalent to 14，000 standard football fields.

環(huán)境改善后，當(dāng)?shù)厝碎_(kāi)始圈起牛羊，種起莊稼，甚至還有人養(yǎng)起了螃蟹，通過(guò)治沙走上致富之路?！耙S入沙”工程創(chuàng)造了綠色奇跡，因其卓越的成果，該工程獲得了聯(lián)合國(guó)的年度土地生命獎(jiǎng)，成為世界荒漠化治理的典范。

As the environment improved， local peoplebegan raising cattle and sheep， planting crops， andeven farming crabs， turning desert control into apath to prosperity. The Yellow River Water DiversionProject has become a green miracle and was awardedthe United Nations Land for Life Award， making it aglobal model for desertification control.

昔日黃沙漫天，今朝綠意盎然。這不僅僅是自然景觀的變遷，更是人民生活方式的轉(zhuǎn)變。大自然在內(nèi)蒙古大地上留下了大片沙漠的印記，幾十年來(lái)，人與沙的較量，黃與綠的交鋒，是內(nèi)蒙古大地上最生動(dòng)的圖景。在欣賞如此之美景時(shí)， 讓我們對(duì)治沙人堅(jiān)韌不拔、勇于創(chuàng)新的精神致以深深的敬意。

What was once an endless expanse of yellowsand is now a landscape teeming with greenery. Thistransformation is not only a change in the scenery，but a shift in the way people live. Nature gave InnerMongolia deserts， and for decades， the most vividmemory here has been the harsh struggle betweenhumans and nature， between yellow and green.As we admire this remarkable landscape， we mustalso honor those who have battled the desert withresilience and innovation.