從教材句型遷移中提升學生英語學習能力

王淼

英語句型是英語學習的重要一環(huán)，以往學生學習英語句型往往使用翻譯法，即先講述語法規(guī)則，然后進行翻譯練習，以此鞏固知識點。但是英語句型的學習不只表示一種語句規(guī)則的知識，所以不能將句法教學當作語法教學，為了讓學生更好地知道什么是句型，要使用遷移的方法，從教材句型遷移中提升學生的句型掌握能力，能夠解答與教材中句型類似的題目，提升答題成績。

一、從教材文本中夯實基礎，完成句型遷移

閱讀書籍的最高境界就是寫，初中英語閱讀教學中使用教材進行閱讀是第一步，在深化知識點，完成知識的掌握之后寫作才是最終目的。學生對于英語語言的學習往往是借助課內教材的學習與課外英語讀物的閱讀完成語言的積累。通過對課內外文本內容的深度解讀與挖掘，掌握多種句式的表達，然后通過語言交流與作文寫作中熟練運用，激發(fā)學生語言表達的潛能，讓學生有話可說，有內容可寫。

例如九年級上學期的英語課堂中，針對教材中的文本先請學生進行閱讀，使用略讀與快速讀的形式先掌握文本的主要內容，然后使用細讀與點讀的形式了解文本中詞匯與句子的含義，請學生與同桌交流，講解文本中涉及的知識點。然后請學生做教材句型仿寫的問題，如：

1. As a doctor ， you can't be too careful.仿寫：這本書值得大加稱贊。

2.Carelessness will be a disaster not only to ourselves but also to patients.仿寫：在學校里，他不僅教授數(shù)學，而且教授美術。

3.She has devoted most of her time to her work.仿寫：他把自己的生命獻給了祖國。

4.It is you who shape your life and your future.仿寫：就是航天英雄陳冬兩次進入天空。

之后，還可以結合教材中文本內容，讓學生進行話題寫作，如譯林牛津版八上的《Natural disasters》深入閱讀之后，為了更好地開展句型遷移，布置話題寫作：如果你是王明，你在新聞報道中看到關于Garden City遭受臺風襲擊的新聞，你決定在學校的宣傳欄中發(fā)布一封用英語寫的倡議書，希望可以幫助受災的人們。內容包括：倡議的原因，如發(fā)生了什么災害，產生了什么后果；倡議的內容，如籌款，捐贈物品，當志愿者；發(fā)出倡議。要求詞數(shù)為80-100詞（不包括已經給出的詞匯），作文中要包含上面給出的所有信息，適當增加環(huán)節(jié)，讓行文更加連貫。

有了之前學生對教材中句型的遷移練習，學生很快能夠“照葫蘆畫瓢”，將教材中的文本《The Taiwan Earthquake》中的詞匯、句子等都通過同義句型轉換成自己作文中的內容，豐富寫作內容，切實提升學生的遷移能力。

二、教材句型遷移學習后進行練習，鞏固知識

教材中很多句型的典型性強，值得學生深入探究，并以此進行句型的遷移，如譯林牛津版九年級上冊Unit7中的一句話：She won many awards because of her efforts in this area.由于她在這個領域的努力，她獲得了許多獎項。此句中的because of是復合詞，可以做代詞、名詞、動名詞等，其引導的介詞短語一般作為狀語，如果主語是代詞，其引出的短語還可做表語。根據(jù)此可以進行仿寫：因為天氣原因，足球賽被推遲了：It is a pity that she failed to win first prize in the singing competition.相似的句型遷移問題還有很多，如：

（一）句型仿寫

1.根據(jù)I? either watch TV or play computer games.中的either…or進行仿寫：0n weekends，I either go to the beach or go to visit the museum.在周末，我要沒去海灘，要么去參觀博物館。

2.根據(jù)His dad and uncle are watching the boat races on TV中的His dad and uncle are watching the boat races on TV.進行仿寫：Some students are playing basketball on the playground.一些學生正在操場上打籃球。

3.根據(jù)But I was s tired that I went to sleep early.中的so…that進行仿寫：She is so kind that all the children like her.她是如此善良，以至于所有的孩子們都歡她。

4.根據(jù)The minute I sat down in front of the TV，my mom came over中的The minute進行仿寫：I want to talk to him the minute he gets to the company.他一到公司我就想要找他談談。

（二）高級句型轉換

1.Here is an interesting article.It is about personality.（用定語從句進行轉換）

高級句型：Here is an interesting article which is about personality.10.I became so bored with their orders that I wished they would leave me alone.

2.I? became bored with their orders . I wished they would leave me alone .（用 so ... that ..．進行轉換）

高級句型：An opera singer neither dances nor speaks on stage.

3.An opera singer doesn't dance or speak on stage .（用 neither ... nor ..．進行轉換）

高級句型：An opera singer neither dances nor speaks on stage.

4. I? learned a lot from it.（用lesson進行轉換，it作主語）

高級句型：It was a very useful lesson for me.

（三）連詞與情態(tài)動詞相關句型的練習

1.—? ? ? I join you in the community service （社區(qū)服務）？- Of course you can .

A. Should? B. Can? C. Must? D. Need

根據(jù)答語“你當然可以”可推斷此處所缺的詞是Can，表示“可以”，所以答案是B。

2. I've? tasted a lot of delicious food，

what I like best is the dish cooked by Mum.

A. so? B. but? C. and? D. or

句意：我嘗過很多美味的食物，但我最喜歡的是媽媽做的菜。結合語境可知設空前后表示轉折關系，故此處應用but，答案選B。

3.Please turn the music down. I hear my teacher on DingTalk.

A. can't? B. shouldnt： C. mustn't D. needn't

根據(jù)題干中的“請把音樂聲關小點”可知此處是說我聽不見我的老師在釘釘上說話。故用can't。答案選A。

4.- In order to get a great future，we should? ?study hard? ?keep in good health.- I couldn't agree more.

A. neither;nor B.either;or C.not ; but D.not only;but also。

句意：﹣為了有一個美好的未來，我們不僅要努力學習，而且要保持健康。﹣我完全同意。 neither ... nor ..．既不...也不...; either ... or ..．或者..．或者...; not ... but ..．不是..．而是...; not only ... but also ..．不但..．而且...根據(jù)“In order to get a great future”可知，為了好的未來，既要努力學習，又要保持健康，故選D。

（四）以話題語篇題擴展句型

Sleep is one of the ways that could help us to recover from tiredness. Nowadays sleeping has become the favorite hobby among people. Studies show that the personality of people is related to the way they sleep. Robert Phipps who is a body language expert has put forward four positions of sleep that may have an effect on peoples personality.

Phipps also found that if people are in worry and are under stress， it is highly possible for them to sleep in the fetal position， which is the most common bedtime position. He said that nearly 58 percent of people sleep on their side with knees up and head down. They feel more comfortable while curl up themselves.

In Phippss study， the second most common position is the log. People sleep with their body straight and arms at each side of their body. Almost 28 percent of people sleep in this position， which may lead to difficulty in moving their bodies after waking up. Keeping this position for a long time may cause a rigid thought in their mind and they are unwilling to change. In a word it means they make things harder for themselves.

Yearner sleepers are third common sleeping position. About 25 percent of people choose this way to sleep. When they sleep， they lie on their side with arms stretched （伸展） out in front. Phipps added that yearners are the best sleeping way because people who are yearner sleepers are often refreshed （精力充沛的）after waking up. They often expect good results and are willing to face different challenges in the life.

The fourth one is freefaller position. It is considered as the strangest one. 17 percent of the population sleep in this position. They sleep face down on their stomach. Phipps indicated that people with freefaller position feel like they cant control their life.

Comfortlessness of this sleeping position may result in tiredness and lack of energy after waking up.

In conclusion ， Phipps has only one more thing to add，“A good sleep sets us up for the following day and our sleeping positions can decide how we feel when we wake up.”

1. What may people's sleeping positions tell us？

A. Daily activities.

B. Future dreams.

C. Different personalities.

D. Health problems.

此題是細節(jié)理解題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中的“Studies show that the personality of people is related to the way they sleep ”可知，人們的睡姿與他們的性格類型有關，故選C。

2．What is suggested in the text ？

A. The fetal sleepers are willing? to comfort other people.

B. It's easy for the freefaller sleepers to control their life.

C.Yearner sleepers prefer to do the best in life if and work.

D.The log sleepers sleep as if they are chasing.

此題是細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“yearners are the best sleeping way ……expect good results and are willing to face different challenges in the life. ”可知，“渴望型”睡眠者常常期待最好的結果，且敢于面對生活中的挑戰(zhàn)，由此可知C項的表述符合文意。

綜上，通過英語教材中句型遷移的練習，能夠幫助學生夯實英語基礎，提升遷移能力，對學生英語寫作與做題都有很大的幫助。