王超慧,孫喜,王強(qiáng)剛,劉芮兵,李妮,楊小軍,劉艷利
地塞米松誘導(dǎo)肉雞脂肪肝模型的構(gòu)建及效果分析
王超慧,孫喜,王強(qiáng)剛,劉芮兵,李妮,楊小軍,劉艷利
西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)動(dòng)物科技學(xué)院,陜西楊凌 712100
【背景】腹脂沉積過多和脂肪肝綜合征是家禽養(yǎng)殖中面臨的重要脂代謝紊亂產(chǎn)業(yè)問題,肝臟是家禽體內(nèi)從頭合成脂肪酸的主要部位,也在物質(zhì)代謝、膽汁生成、解毒等的調(diào)節(jié)中發(fā)揮重要作用。因此解析脂代謝紊亂機(jī)理將為家禽產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展提供參考依據(jù),但畜禽動(dòng)物發(fā)病機(jī)理的探究往往需要模型為前提?!灸康摹客ㄟ^試驗(yàn)評(píng)價(jià)地塞米松誘導(dǎo)肉雞脂肪肝的效果,為家禽脂代謝紊亂相關(guān)模型的構(gòu)建提供參考?!痉椒ā窟x用體重相近的35日齡AA肉雞16只,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和地塞米松組,每組8個(gè)重復(fù),地塞米松組連續(xù)7 d頸部皮下注射地塞米松磷酸鈉溶液(4.5 mg·kg-1體重),對(duì)照組注射同體積的生理鹽水,7 d后觀測(cè)肉雞肝臟病理性變化并對(duì)其進(jìn)行油紅O染色,同時(shí)檢測(cè)血清生化與機(jī)體抗氧化指標(biāo),采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR方法檢測(cè)肝臟中與脂質(zhì)代謝和炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān)的基因表達(dá)?!窘Y(jié)果】與對(duì)照組相比,地塞米松組肉雞肝臟指數(shù)顯著提高(<0.05),油紅O切片顯示肉雞肝組織有大量紅色脂滴出現(xiàn),且肝臟中TG和TC含量均高于對(duì)照組(<0.05)。血清生化結(jié)果顯示地塞米松組谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)、總膽紅素(TBIL)、尿酸(UA)、總蛋白(TP)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-c)、總膽固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)水平顯著高于對(duì)照組(<0.05),但谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、葡萄糖(GLU)含量無顯著變化(>0.05)。地塞米松注射顯著提高了肉雞肝臟ACC、FAS、SCD1、PPARγ、ChREBP、SREBP-1c、IGF2、GR等脂質(zhì)合成相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)(<0.05),但ELOVL6基因的表達(dá)量無顯著變化(>0.05);降低了脂質(zhì)分解代謝相關(guān)基因CPT1、LPL、PPARα的mRNA豐度(<0.05);但地塞米松組與脂質(zhì)水解相關(guān)的ATGL基因以及與脂質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)相關(guān)CETP、MTTP基因表達(dá)量顯著高于對(duì)照組(<0.05);除此之外,地塞米松注射顯著提高了肉雞肝臟MyD88、NFκB、IL-6、TNF-α等與炎癥發(fā)生相關(guān)的基因表達(dá)(<0.05)。另一方面,抗氧化的檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示肉雞肝臟和血清的總抗氧化能力無顯著變化(>0.05),但地塞米松組血清中的丙二醛含量顯著高于對(duì)照組(<0.05)?!窘Y(jié)論】頸部皮下注射地塞米松可以誘導(dǎo)肉雞產(chǎn)生脂代謝紊亂,并引發(fā)機(jī)體氧化應(yīng)激和肝臟炎癥反應(yīng),與脂肪肝疾病特征相似,可用來較快速地建立肉雞脂肪肝模型。
地塞米松;肉雞;脂肪肝綜合征
【研究意義】脂肪肝綜合征(FLS)是籠養(yǎng)雞非感染性疾病死亡的主要原因[1],普遍發(fā)生于籠養(yǎng)蛋雞,其次是過肥的肉種雞。該病的發(fā)生與雞的品種、日糧組成、環(huán)境、內(nèi)分泌等多種因素有關(guān),以致機(jī)體內(nèi)脂質(zhì)代謝功能紊亂,過量的脂質(zhì)蓄積在肝臟,引起肝脂沉積,導(dǎo)致肝臟腫大,并伴有出血等癥狀[2]。除此之外,患脂肪肝的蛋雞產(chǎn)蛋率達(dá)到85%左右便下降,且雞蛋的重量和受精率以及種蛋的孵化率也會(huì)降低,給我國(guó)家禽養(yǎng)殖帶來一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失[3-4]。另一方面,腹脂沉積過多也是肉雞養(yǎng)殖中常見的現(xiàn)象,影響飼糧的高效利用。肝臟是家禽進(jìn)行脂質(zhì)代謝的主要場(chǎng)所,在家禽快速生長(zhǎng)過程中,肝臟易合成大量游離脂肪酸,使肝細(xì)胞的通透性改變,導(dǎo)致過多的脂質(zhì)在肝臟中沉積并發(fā)生過氧化,產(chǎn)生大量自由基,損傷肝細(xì)胞的生物膜完整性,引起細(xì)胞炎癥壞死,也容易誘發(fā)脂肪肝[5-7]。因此,探究脂肪肝的發(fā)病機(jī)理是應(yīng)對(duì)家禽脂代謝紊亂并尋找合適的預(yù)防措施的重要內(nèi)容,而脂肪肝模型構(gòu)建是探究機(jī)理和評(píng)價(jià)營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)控效果的前提?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】ZHANG等[8]采用連續(xù)6周飼喂蛋雞高脂日糧的方法誘導(dǎo)蛋雞脂肪肝模型,病理切片結(jié)果顯示,肝組織有大量脂滴聚集。YAO等[9]采用連續(xù)11周對(duì)蛋雞飼喂高能低蛋白日糧的方法構(gòu)建脂肪肝模型,結(jié)果顯示肝指數(shù)以及炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān)因子顯著升高。LI等[10]通過敲除FXR基因的方法構(gòu)建小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝模型,發(fā)現(xiàn)肝組織中FXR、PPAR-α的mRNA的表達(dá)顯著下降,PPAR-γ、PPAR-β的mRNA的表達(dá)量顯著升高。HU等[11]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)連續(xù)72 h皮下注射2 mg·kg-1地塞米松,可以顯著提高血清甘油三酯和膽固醇的含量,以及肝臟中脂肪酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白和糖皮質(zhì)激素受體的表達(dá)。前人也曾報(bào)道地塞米松可在鼠和雞上用來誘導(dǎo)動(dòng)物糖脂代謝紊亂和氧化應(yīng)激模型,不同的動(dòng)物品種以及不同的周齡注射劑量一般在1—4 mg·kg-1,誘導(dǎo)的周期在7—28 d,注射方式主要為腹腔注射或皮下注射[12-15]。【本研究切入點(diǎn)】前人研究采用的日糧、基因編輯等誘導(dǎo)方法構(gòu)建的脂肪肝模型,耗時(shí)較長(zhǎng)且成本較高。地塞米松是一種人工合成的糖皮質(zhì)激素,可通過糖皮質(zhì)激素受體通路促進(jìn)脂質(zhì)合成,同時(shí)也具有抗炎、免疫抑制和抗內(nèi)毒素等作用。因此,選用地塞米松誘導(dǎo)肉雞脂肪肝模型不僅可以排除蛋雞產(chǎn)蛋時(shí)肝臟高強(qiáng)度脂質(zhì)合成對(duì)機(jī)體脂代謝變化帶來的內(nèi)源干擾,還具有能縮短誘導(dǎo)周期的優(yōu)勢(shì),更為便捷。現(xiàn)有報(bào)道多只是圍繞血清生化、脂代謝相關(guān)基因表達(dá)等某個(gè)層面研究地塞米松對(duì)動(dòng)物脂代謝的影響,但脂肪肝的發(fā)生往往伴隨著機(jī)體炎癥、氧化應(yīng)激等多方面的代謝反應(yīng)變化,目前缺乏地塞米松對(duì)肉雞脂肪肝模型構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)性評(píng)價(jià)。【擬解決的關(guān)鍵問題】本研究采用頸部皮下注射地塞米松的方法誘導(dǎo)肉雞發(fā)生脂肪肝模型,通過肝臟形態(tài)學(xué)和病理性觀察,血清生化指標(biāo),肝臟中脂質(zhì)代謝和炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān)的基因表達(dá),以及機(jī)體抗氧化性能等方面系統(tǒng)性評(píng)價(jià)地塞米松誘導(dǎo)肉雞脂肪肝的效果,為家禽脂代謝紊亂相關(guān)模型的構(gòu)建提供參考。
本試驗(yàn)于2022年7—8月在西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)養(yǎng)殖基地進(jìn)行。預(yù)飼期5 d,正式試驗(yàn)周期為7 d。
35日齡AA肉雞,來源于西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)養(yǎng)殖基地。
地塞米松磷酸鈉注射液(5 mg·mL-1),購(gòu)自辰欣藥業(yè)股份有限公司;Trizol、RNA反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒和SYBR試劑盒購(gòu)自TaKaRa公司;實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR儀(iQ 5),購(gòu)自Bio-Rad公司;核酸定量分析儀型號(hào)為Nanodrop ND-1000。
試劑盒:丙二醛(MDA)測(cè)定試劑盒(A003-1-2)、總抗氧化能力(T-AOC)檢測(cè)試劑盒(A015-1-2)、總膽固醇(TC)測(cè)定試劑盒(A111-1-1)、甘油三酯(TG)測(cè)定試劑盒(A110-1-1)均購(gòu)自南京建成生物工程有限公司。
選取35日齡AA肉雞16只,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和地塞米松組,兩組均飼喂相同日糧,自由飲水。地塞米松組按4.5 mg·kg-1頸部皮下注射地塞米松磷酸鈉溶液,對(duì)照組注射等體積生理鹽水。肉雞采用多層籠養(yǎng),24 h光照,試驗(yàn)期為7 d。
各組肉雞采樣前禁食12 h,稱重量后翅靜脈采血于無抗凝劑的真空采血管中,置于37 ℃水浴鍋中,待血清完全析出后,3 500 r/min離心10 min后獲得血清,保存于-80 ℃冰箱。頸靜脈放血后立即解剖,分離出肝臟并稱重,在左側(cè)取約1 cm3肝組織置于4%甲醛固定液中,并在同側(cè)取約2 g肝臟組織放入凍存管中,隨后置于液氮中速凍,后保存于-80 ℃冰箱。
1.6.1 肝組織病理學(xué)觀察 將固定的肝臟委派武漢塞維爾生物公司進(jìn)行油紅O染色。隨后置于顯微鏡下觀察肝臟組織內(nèi)脂滴形成情況。
肝臟指數(shù)=肝臟濕重/活體重×100%
1.6.2 血清生化指標(biāo)檢測(cè) 血清中谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)、總膽紅素(TBIL)、尿酸(UA)、血清總蛋白(TP)、血清葡萄糖(GLU)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-c)、總膽固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)委派楊凌示范區(qū)醫(yī)院進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。
1.6.3 血清中T-AOC、MDA以及肝臟中T-AOC、MDA、TC、TG的檢測(cè) 準(zhǔn)確稱取肉雞肝組織,按質(zhì)量﹕體積=1﹕9的比例,加入9倍的生理鹽水,用高通量組織研磨儀進(jìn)行勻漿,隨后將組織勻漿置于4℃下2 500 r/min離心10 min,取上清采用BCA法測(cè)定蛋白濃度;后按試劑盒說明書方法測(cè)定肝組織中T-AOC、MDA、TC、TG含量。
1.6.4 RT-PCR檢測(cè)基因mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)水平 使用Trizol提取肝臟RNA,隨后根據(jù)試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)錄,得到相應(yīng)的cDNA。使用SYBR Premix TaqTMII試劑盒進(jìn)行RT-PCR,所有步驟嚴(yán)格按照說明書進(jìn)行,以β-actin為內(nèi)參基因。基因引物序列見表1。10 μL的反應(yīng)體系如下:cDNA 1 μL,上游引物與下游引物各0.5 μL,SYBR Premix Taq 5 μL,超純水3 μL。RT-PCR的反應(yīng)程序?yàn)椋?5 ℃預(yù)變性10 min,95 ℃變性10 s,60 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,40個(gè)循環(huán),采用2-ΔΔCt法計(jì)算基因相對(duì)表達(dá)量[16]。
數(shù)據(jù)分析利用SPSS 26.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,采用T檢驗(yàn)方法進(jìn)行分析,以平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤的形式表示,<0.05說明具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
如圖1所示,與對(duì)照組相比,地塞米松組肉雞肝組織出現(xiàn)大量紅色脂滴,肝指數(shù)、肝臟中TC、TG含量與對(duì)照組相比顯著升高(<0.05)。
表1 引物序列
如表2所示,與對(duì)照組相比,地塞米松組血清中AST、TBIL、UA、TP、HDL-c、LDL-c、TC、TG含量顯著升高(<0.05),但ALT、GLU含量無顯著變化(>0.05)。
如圖2所示,與對(duì)照組相比,地塞米松注射顯著提高了肉雞肝臟與脂肪酸合成相關(guān)基因ACC、FAS、SCD1、PPARγ、ChREBP、SREBP1c、IGF2、GR的表達(dá)水平(<0.05),ELOVL6的mRNA豐度無顯著變化(>0.05);顯著降低了CPT1、LPL、PPARα等與脂肪酸分解代謝相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)(<0.05)。但地塞米松組與脂肪酸水解相關(guān)的ATGL和與脂肪酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)相關(guān)的CETP、MTTP的mRNA的表達(dá)量顯著高于對(duì)照組(<0.05)。
如圖3所示,與對(duì)照組相比,地塞米松注射顯著提高了肉雞肝臟與炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān)基因MyD88、NFκB、IL-6、TNFα的mRNA的表達(dá)水平(<0.05)。
如圖4所示,地塞米松注射僅提高了血清中丙二醛的含量(<0.05),血清中總抗氧化能力、肝臟的總抗氧化能力和丙二醛含量均無顯著變化(>0.05)。
地塞米松已經(jīng)被廣泛應(yīng)用在短期誘導(dǎo)脂肪肝模型試驗(yàn)中,當(dāng)機(jī)體攝入過多地塞米松,會(huì)導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)的胰島素抵抗增加,導(dǎo)致葡萄糖/胰島素穩(wěn)態(tài)紊亂和肝臟中甘油三酯過度沉積,最終形成脂肪肝[17]。隨著疾病的不斷發(fā)展,使肝臟發(fā)生炎癥反應(yīng)并伴隨有纖維化和肝硬化[18]。前人研究發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)地塞米松處理后的小鼠肝指數(shù)增大,血清和肝臟中TC、TG含量升高[19-20],與本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果一致。在病理學(xué)檢測(cè)中,油紅O染色結(jié)果顯示地塞米松組肉雞肝組織有大量脂滴,并且肝指數(shù)、肝臟中TC、TG含量升高。上述結(jié)果表明利用地塞米松誘導(dǎo)肉雞脂肪肝的模型構(gòu)建成功。
圖2 地塞米松對(duì)肉雞脂代謝相關(guān)基因表達(dá)的影響
圖3 地塞米松對(duì)肉雞肝臟炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān)基因表達(dá)的影響
ALT、AST是存在于肝細(xì)胞內(nèi)的胞內(nèi)酶,當(dāng)肝細(xì)胞受到損傷時(shí),會(huì)穿過細(xì)胞膜進(jìn)入血液中。因此,血清中ALT、AST含量升高反映了肝細(xì)胞受到一定程度的損傷。LIU等[21]采用低蛋氨酸低膽堿日糧法誘導(dǎo)小鼠發(fā)生脂肪肝,發(fā)現(xiàn)血清中AST、ALT含量與對(duì)照組相比顯著升高,與本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果一致。本試驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn)血清中與脂質(zhì)代謝相關(guān)的指標(biāo) HDL-c、LDL-c、TC、TG含量顯著升高,表明地塞米松注射引起肉雞血脂代謝異常,與前人研究結(jié)果一致[22]。同時(shí),當(dāng)機(jī)體發(fā)生脂肪肝時(shí),大量脂質(zhì)沉積在肝臟,導(dǎo)致脂質(zhì)代謝紊亂,而糖異生增強(qiáng),使GLU水平升高[23],進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致糖尿病,造成血中酮體水平升高,并由尿液排出,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性抑制腎小管對(duì)血液中UA的排出,使血中UA水平升高[24],本試驗(yàn)中地塞米松組肉雞血清GLU和UA水平均顯著升高。
肝臟中脂代謝穩(wěn)態(tài)由脂肪酸從頭合成、脂質(zhì)分解代謝、脂肪酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)以及β-氧化4個(gè)生物過程完成。因此,研究與上述過程相關(guān)的基因表達(dá)能夠驗(yàn)證模型構(gòu)建的效果。胡云[12]利用糖皮質(zhì)激素誘導(dǎo)雞發(fā)生脂肪肝,發(fā)現(xiàn)與脂質(zhì)合成相關(guān)的SREBFl、FASN、ACC、SCD和GR等的mRNA表達(dá)水平顯著增加,同時(shí)降低了CPT1α等與β-氧化相關(guān)的基因表達(dá)。HU等[25]采用日糧中添加乙醇的方法誘導(dǎo)脂肪變性,發(fā)現(xiàn)SREBP-1c、ACC1和FASN的mRNA豐度顯著增加,CPT1和PPARα表達(dá)量顯著降低。其中PPARα的表達(dá)量與本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果有差異,因PPARα的主要功能是參與脂肪氧化,在脂質(zhì)代謝能力強(qiáng)的組織,尤其是肝臟中高表達(dá),通過調(diào)節(jié)糖代謝與脂代謝來使機(jī)體能量處于平衡狀態(tài)[26]。因此,在本試驗(yàn)中,可能是機(jī)體為維持機(jī)體能量平衡而導(dǎo)致肝臟內(nèi)PPARα的表達(dá)量升高。同時(shí),本試驗(yàn)中與脂肪酸分解代謝相關(guān)基因ATGL的表達(dá)量顯著升高,與前人的研究有一定差異[27]。ATGL是PPARγ轉(zhuǎn)錄激活的靶基因位點(diǎn)[28],因PPARγ的mRNA的表達(dá)量升高,猜測(cè)本次試驗(yàn)中ATGL的mRNA的表達(dá)量升高可能是由于PPARγ的反向促進(jìn)導(dǎo)致,另一方面,也可能是由于機(jī)體脂質(zhì)合成代謝顯著增強(qiáng),肉雞的反饋性調(diào)節(jié)使得與脂質(zhì)水解相關(guān)的某些基因出現(xiàn)上調(diào)的現(xiàn)象。同時(shí),前人研究發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)體中IGF2的表達(dá)與FAS、ACC等脂肪酸合成相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)[16],與本試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果一致。因此,本試驗(yàn)中頸部皮下注射地塞米松導(dǎo)致肉雞肝臟脂代謝相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)發(fā)生了異常,脂質(zhì)合成代謝顯著增強(qiáng)。
越來越多的研究表明脂肪肝的發(fā)生通常伴隨著炎癥的發(fā)生。MyD88和NFκB是炎癥反應(yīng)中的核心的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,在傳遞上游信息和炎癥級(jí)聯(lián)放大過程中發(fā)揮重要作用,當(dāng)肝細(xì)胞發(fā)生損傷時(shí),會(huì)促進(jìn)Toll樣受體(TLR4)與下游的MyD88相互作用,進(jìn)而激活NFκB并促進(jìn)TL-6、TNFα等炎癥因子的表達(dá)[29]。與前人研究結(jié)果一致[30-31],本試驗(yàn)中地塞米松組肉雞肝臟IL-6、MyD88、NFκB、TNFα的mRNA的表達(dá)量均顯著增加,表明地塞米松注射建立的肉雞脂肪肝模型已經(jīng)處于該疾病的炎癥發(fā)生階段。
除此之外,脂肪肝疾病的發(fā)生往往伴隨著氧化應(yīng)激的產(chǎn)生。一些內(nèi)源性刺激或外源性刺激也可使肝臟發(fā)生氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),使機(jī)體的氧化與抗氧化失衡,導(dǎo)致肝臟發(fā)生氧化損傷[7,32]。T-AOC能反映機(jī)體抗氧化物質(zhì)和抗氧化酶的總抗氧化能力, MDA作為氧化應(yīng)激的產(chǎn)物,其水平可以衡量動(dòng)物體內(nèi)氧化應(yīng)激的程度。LI等[33]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)誘導(dǎo)小鼠發(fā)生脂肪肝,肝臟中T-AOC含量顯著下降,MDA水平顯著升高。但本試驗(yàn)中肉雞肝臟的T-AOC和MDA均無顯著變化,但血清中MDA的含量顯著升高,表明機(jī)體確實(shí)受到了氧化應(yīng)激,這種抗氧化結(jié)果的差異可能與物種不同有關(guān)。
本研究采用連續(xù)7 d頸部皮下注射地塞米松磷酸鈉的方法誘導(dǎo)肉雞脂肪肝模型,通過肝組織形態(tài)與病理特征,血清生化指標(biāo),肝臟脂代謝和炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān)基因表達(dá),以及機(jī)體抗氧化指標(biāo)等方面系統(tǒng)性評(píng)價(jià)地塞米松誘導(dǎo)肉雞脂肪肝的效果,發(fā)現(xiàn)注射地塞米松導(dǎo)致肉雞機(jī)體脂代謝紊亂,并引發(fā)氧化應(yīng)激與炎癥反應(yīng),與脂肪肝疾病的特征相似,表明該方法可以用來較快速地建立脂肪肝模型,為家禽脂代謝紊亂相關(guān)模型提供理論依據(jù)。但由于地塞米松本身具有抗炎、鎮(zhèn)痛、抗過敏等功能,因此,該模式可能不適用于脂肪肝與抗炎、抗過敏等疾病的互作研究。
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Fatty Liver Model Construction and Its Effectiveness Evaluation Induced by Dexamethasone in Broilers
WANG ChaoHui, SUN Xi, WANG QiangGang, LIU RuiBing, LI Ni, YANG XiaoJun, LIU YanLi
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
【Background】Excessive abdominal fat deposition and fatty liver syndrome are important industrial problems of lipid metabolism disorder in poultry breeding. The liver is the main site of de novo fatty acid synthesis in poultry, which plays a vital function in nutrients metabolism, formation of bile acids and detoxication. Therefore, the mechanism analysis of lipid metabolism disorder will provide reference for the healthy development of poultry industry, but the disease model is necessary for pathogenesis research. 【Objective】This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone-induced fatty liver in broilers, aimingto provide the reference for the construction of lipid metabolism disorder model in poultry. 【Method】Sixteen 35-day-old AA broilers with similar body weight were randomly divided into control group and dexamethasone group (DXM), with 8 replicates in each group. The birds in the DXM were injected subcutaneously with dexamethasone sodium phosphate (4.5 mg·kg-1) for 7 days, and the birds in the control group were given the administration of normal saline injection. After 7 days, oil red O staining was used to analyze the histopathological changes of the liver, and serum biochemical and antioxidant indexes were detected. RT-PCR was applied to detect genes expression related to lipid metabolism and inflammatory response in the liver. 【Result】Compared with the control group, the liver index of broilers in the DXM was significantly increased (<0.05). Oil red O sections showed a large number of red lipid droplets, and the contents of TGand TC in the liver were higher than those in the control group (<0.05). Serum biochemical results showed that aspartate amino transferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), uric acid (UA), total protein (TP), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in the DXM were significantly higher than those in the control group (<0.05), but there was no significant difference about alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glucose (GLU) (>0.05). Dexamethasone injection significantly increased genes expression about lipid synthesis, such as ACC, FAS, SCD1, PPARγ, ChREBP, SREBP-1c, IGF2 and GR in the liver (<0.05), but ELOVL6 expression was not affected (>0.05). In addition, genes expression about lipid catabolism such as CPT1, LPL and PPARα were deceased in DXM group (<0.05). However, the expression ofgene related to lipid hydrolysis,andgene related to lipid transport were significantly higher in DXM group (<0.05). On the other hand, DXM injection significantly increased the genes expression of,,,in the liver of broilers (<0.05). Antioxidant analysisshowed that there was no significant change in the total antioxidant capacity of liver and serum (>0.05), but the content of malondialdehyde in serum was significantly higher in DXM group (<0.05).【Conclusion】Neck subcutaneous injection of DXM could cause lipid metabolism disorders in broilers, and lead to oxidative stress and liver inflammation, which was similar to the characteristics of fatty liver disease, indicating that this method could be used to establish the fatty liver model in broilers quickly.
dexamethasone; broiler; fatty liver syndrome
10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.20.015
2022-12-20;
2023-05-30
國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)青年科學(xué)家項(xiàng)目(2022YFF1001000)、陜西省青年科技新星項(xiàng)目(2022KJXX-13)、大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃(202210712104,S202210712483)
王超慧,Tel:15621030107;E-mail:WW15621030107@163.com。通信作者劉艷利,E-mail:liuyanli@nwsuaf.edu.cn
(責(zé)任編輯 林鑒非)