• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Function Analysis and Simulation Research on Powertrain for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

    2022-04-08 11:12:26WuQinglongYuChanghongWangYanLiuLiyuan
    汽車文摘 2022年3期

    Wu Qinglong · Yu Changhong · Wang Yan · Liu Liyuan

    (1. New Energy Vehicle Development Institute, China FAW Corporation Limited, Changchun 130013; 2. State Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Technology on Automobile Vibration and Noise & Safety Control, Changchun 130013)

    【Abstract】This paper introduces the powertrain structures of fuel cell electric vehicles. The system functions, drive modes and control strategies of the fuel cell electric vehicle are analyzed. Based on CRUISE simulation software, the whole vehicle and powertrain models of a fuel cell electric vehicle are built. The performance simulation and analysis on the fuel cell electric vehicle are carried out under NEDC driving cycles. The results show that the simulation software can predict the vehicle performance index in advance. At the same time, the developments of fuel cell electric vehicle are prospected at the end of this paper, and relevant suggestions are put forward to provide references for engineering designers.

    Key words: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), Powertrain, System structure, Function analysis,Modeling and simulation

    BMS Battery Management System CAN Controller Area Network DC/DC Direct Current to Direct Current converter FCEV Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle FCCU Fuel Cell Control Unit FCS Fuel Cell System HCU Hybrid Control Unit HMI Human Machine Interface

    HV High Voltage IC Instrument Cluster MCU Motor Control Unit NEDC New European Driving Cycle SOC State Of Charge UDC Urban Driving Cycle EUDC Extra Urban Driving Cycle

    1 Introduction

    At present,in order to deal with the energy crisis and environmental issues,the fuel consumption laws and regulations of various countries are becoming much stricter.The advantages of new energy vehicles in energy conservation and environmental protection have attracted more and more attentions. FCEV has the advantages of zero emission, long driving range, fast fuel filling and low noise. The research and development on FCEV have gradually become one of research hot spots in automotive industry around the world. Hydrogen fuel can be produced through a variety of disposable energy sources,and is expected to become one of the conventional fuels in the future.

    The technologies of FCEV across the globe have developed rapidly, and significant technology breakthroughs have been observed in fuel cell materials and stacks. Relevant accessory suppliers are also actively entering into the field of fuel cell technology research and product development. Meanwhile the development processes of FCEV industry have been promoted.Nowadays,many countries have promoted fuel cell electric vehicles to the development stage of industrialization. Automobile manufacturers represented by Toyota, Honda and Hyundai have vigorously promoted fuel cell electric vehicles.Fuel cell vehicle types,such as Hyundai ix35FCV,Toyota Miraiand Honda Clarity, have been mass-produced and pumped into markets since 2014, while premium car manufacturers, such as Mercedes Benz, BMW and Audi,have been promoted the research of fuel cell technology.

    Based on a fuel cell electric vehicle, this paper introduces the configuration schemes of powertrain,and analyzes the system functions, driving modes and control strategies. Based on CRUISE simulation software, the whole vehicle and powertrain models are built based on the fuel cell electric vehicle(sample vehicle),and the vehicle performance simulation calculation and analysis are carried out to provide references for relevant designers.

    2 Structural Scheme of Powertrain

    The powertrain system structural scheme of the fuel cell vehicle is shown in Fig. 1. It mainly includes: hydrogen cylinder,fuel cells,fuel cell control unit(FCCU),HV battery,BMS,HCU,MCU,Inverter,traction motor and transmission components. The fuel cells system(FCS) is connected with the inverter through the booster DC/DC to realize the decoupling control of HV battery and fuel cells.The power battery is directly connected with the inverter through the DC/DC output terminal.

    Fig.1 The structure of FCEV powertrain

    Fuel cell electric vehicle has the advantages of dynamic performance and economy performance, and can realize the unique system functions. The system functions of powertrain mainly include fuel cell independent drive, HV battery independent drive, and combined drive, driving power generation, parking power generation, energy recovery, flat road crawling and slope road crawling.The system functions of various modes are elaborated and summarized in the following chapters.

    3 Powertrain System Functions

    3.1 Fuel Cell Independent Drive

    As shown in Fig. 2, in case of fuel cell independent drive, the fuel cell provides electric energy to the motor to drive the vehicle. HCU calculates the driver’s required torque according to vehicle speed,accelerator and brake pedal position, transmission gear, and the power of fuel cell. HCU sends the required torque to the motor and drives the vehicle.

    Fig.2 Energy flow of fuel cell independent drive

    3.2 HV Battery Independent Drive

    As shown in Fig. 3, in case of HV battery independent drive, the HV battery provides electric energy to the motor to drive the vehicle when the SOC value is higher than the setting value. HCU calculates the driver’s required torque according to vehicle speed,accelerator and brake pedal position, transmission and the power of HV battery. HCU sends the required torque to the motor and drives the vehicle.

    Fig.3 Energy flow of power cell independent drive

    3.3 Combined Drive

    As shown in Fig. 4, in case of combined drive, the fuel cell and HV battery cell jointly provide electric energy to the motor to drive the vehicle.HCU calculates the driver’s required torque according to vehicle speed, accelerator and brake pedal position,transmission gear,and the power of fuel cell and HV battery. HCU sends the required torque of combined drive to the motor and controls the motor to drive the vehicle. The required torque is different under different gears and driving modes, and the torque output at the motor end is different.

    Fig.4 Energy flow of combined drive

    The combined drive of fuel cell and HV battery can ensure the dynamic performance of the vehicle and the service life of the battery. When the required power driven by the vehicle is greater than the maximum power of the fuel cell, the fuel cell operates at the maximum power,and the rest is supplemented by the HV battery to ensure dynamic performance of the vehicle. When the fuel cell works in a stable range,the power demand of the vehicle under variable load can be supplemented by the HV battery to ensure the service life of the fuel cell.

    3.4 Driving Power Generation

    If the SOC of the HV battery is lower than a certain threshold value during the vehicle driving, the fuel cell can be switched to increase the power output to charge the HV battery. The entry condition of the driving power generation mode is when the SOC of HV battery is lower than 30%, the fuel cell can be adopted to charge the HV battery. The exit condition is when the SOC of HV battery is higher than 70%.

    As shown in Fig. 5, when the SOC of HV battery is at the medium level, if the driving power demand at this time is less than the minimum power that the fuel cell can output, the fuel cell can be controlled to work at the minimum power point, and the excess power output is used to charge the HV battery.When the SOC of HV battery is at low level, the fuel cell can supply power to the motor and charge the HV battery at the same time, so as to maintain the balance of the SOC of HV battery.

    Fig.5 Energy flow of driving power generation

    3.5 Parking Power Generation

    When the vehicle pulls over, if the SOC of HV battery is lower than a certain threshold value, the fuel cell can be used to generate electricity to charge the HV battery. As shown in Fig.6,the entry condition of parking power generation mode is that the SOC of HV battery is lower than 30%,and the fuel cell can charge the HV battery.The exit condition is that the SOC of HV battery is higher than 40%.

    Fig.6 Energy flow of parking power generation

    3.6 Energy Recovery

    When the vehicle shift lever is in D or R gear, the vehicle speed exceeds a certain threshold value (e.g. 10 km/h) and the SOC of HV battery is lower than a certain threshold value, the ABS and ESP system have no fault.At this time, if the driver releases the accelerator pedal and brake pedal, the vehicle will enter the sliding state,and the motor will enter the power generation mode to convert the dynamic energy into electric energy and store it in HV battery. HCU calculates the required negative torque of the motor according to the vehicle sliding state and sends the negative torque value to MCU. MCU controls the motor to generate power and charge the battery,the energy flow of recovery is shown in Fig.7.

    Fig.7 Energy flow of recovery

    When one of the following conditions occurs,the energy recovery function shall be exited.

    (1)The driver places the shift lever in N or P gear;

    (2)The driver depresses the accelerator pedal;

    (3) Energy recovery is not allowed for motor or battery in some conditions;

    (4) The vehicle speed is less than a certain threshold value(e.g.10 km/h);

    (5)There are some faults in ABS or ESP system.

    3.7 Flat Road Crawling

    In case of the flat road crawling,when the shift lever is in D or R gear, and the accelerator pedal and brake pedal are not pressed by the driver, if the vehicle starts crawling from stationary,the speed shall be controlled to maintain at a stable speed of 4 ~6 km/h on the flat road.When the driver shifts the vehicle, depresses the brake pedal or depresses the accelerator pedal, the flat crawl mode will be exited.

    3.8 Slope Road Crawling

    In case of slope road crawling, when the shift lever is in D or R gear, and the accelerator pedal and brake pedal are not pressed by the driver, if the vehicle starts crawling from stationary,the speed shall be controlled to maintain at a stable speed which is lower than that of the flat road, and the maximum crawling slope during electric crawling shall not exceed a certain value (e.g. 8%). The maximum torque in the crawling process is fixed which can be calibrated,and the crawling speed decreases gradually with the increase of slope. When the driver shifts the vehicle, depresses the brake pedal or depresses the accelerator pedal,the slope crawl mode will be exited.

    4 Vehicle Driving Mode Analysis

    4.1 Driving Mode schemes

    There are 3 driving modes designed for the fuel cell electric vehicles in this paper, including normal mode, sport mode and E-pedal mode.

    Normal mode is a default driving mode, this model fully considers the dynamic and economy of the vehicle.In this driving mode, the power of the traction motor and the capacity of the air conditioner are not limited, and the deceleration of vehicle sliding with gear is small.This driving mode meets the needs of most drivers.

    Sport mode is mainly adopted to meet the requirements of the vehicle dynamic performance. The accelerator pedal response is much faster than that of normal mode. The vehicle shows good acceleration dynamic performance.

    In E-pedal mode, the driver can accelerate and decelerate the vehicle through the accelerator pedal. At the same time,the driver can release the accelerator to a certain extent without stepping on the brake pedal.If the vehicle needs to have a large deceleration, the brake pedal needs to be pressed. This mode can be used for special working conditions such as intense driving and mountain driving.

    The comparative analysis of the three driving modes is shown in Table 1.

    4.2 Driving Mode Display

    In order to further increase the HMI,different instrument display schemes can be designed based on the system functions of fuel cell electric vehicle and driving modes,so as to improve the driving experience of users.During the operation of fuel cell electric vehicle, HCU sends the display signals of energy flow and driving mode to IC,and then IC displays the corresponding mode information. The sending signals from HCU to IC are shown in Fig. 8, and the specific network signals are shown in Table 2.

    Fig.8 Energy flow and driving mode signals

    Table 1 Comparative analysis of the driving modes

    Table 2 CAN-bus network signals

    When IC receives the energy flow signal sent by HCU, it displays the different graphic. For example, in case of the combined drive, IC shall be able to display the energy flow status of engine operation, motor output torque and battery discharge. When IC receives the driving mode signal sent by HCU, it displays a driving mode according to the value of the signal. Different graphics are helpful for the driver to understand the current operation state of the powertrain system.

    5 Modeling and Simulation

    In CRUISE simulation software, the models of various components of the fuel cell electric vehicle are established.Based on the above functional analysis,the different models of control strategies are built,including driving control modes, combined drive, separate drive and other strategy modules. The CRUISE simulation software is used to calculate the dynamic and economy of the vehicle.The established simulation model of the fuel cell electric vehicle is shown in Fig.9.The relevant parameters of the fuel cell electric vehicle are shown in Table 3,and the parameters of each component are shown in Table 4.

    Table 3 Relevant parameters of FCEV

    Table 4 Parameters of main components

    Table 5 Simulation results of vehicle performance

    Fig.9 Simulation model of fuel cell vehicle

    According to the parameters of the fuel cell electric vehicle and various components of the powertrain system,the models are built in the CRUISE simulation software.The economy performance simulation calculation of the vehicle is carried out under NEDC cycle conditions. The NEDC working condition spectrum is shown in Fig. 10.For the data statistics of specific working conditions,please refertothenationalStandardsGB/T 18386—2017.

    Fig.10 NEDC cycle spectrum

    The NEDC cycle consists of 4 Urban Driving cycles(UDC) and 1 Extra Urban Driving Cycle(EUDC). The driving distance is 11.022 km and the time is 1 180 s.The UDC cycle is conducted to simulate urban road conditions. Each UDC includes acceleration, deceleration,uniform speed and idle speed.The duration of the 4 UDC conditions is 780 s and the theoretical driving distance is 4.067 km. EUDC cycle is carried to simulate suburban road conditions, with a duration of 400 s, a theoretical driving distance of 6.956 km and a maximum speed of 120 km/h.

    Fig. 11 to 13 show the motor output speed, torque and power under the NEDC driving cycle. The established software model can realize normal driving according to the control strategies, including fuel cell independent drive, HV battery independent drive, combined drive and driving power generation.The simulation calculation is based on CRUISE software, and the simulation results of vehicle performance are shown in Table 5. The established simulation model can be applied to simulate the dynamic performance and economy performance of fuel cell electric vehicle, and has the effects of prediction in the early stage of vehicle development.

    Fig.11 Speed output of traction motor

    Fig.12 Torque output of traction motor

    Fig.13 Power output of traction motor

    6 Conclusion

    This paper analyzes the system function, drive modes and control strategies of fuel cell electric vehicle. Based on CRUISE software, the performance of a fuel cell electric vehicle is simulated and analyzed. In the stage of vehicle design and development, the simulation software is applied for calculation and research, which can be used to provide references for engineering designers.

    At present, the development of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles has obvious advantages, and the relevant technologies of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have made substantial breakthroughs,and the policy is also increasing guidance. However, there are still some constraints.For large-scale development in the future,in addition to improving the core technologies, the improvement of infrastructure is necessary and imperative to speed up, such as the establishment of multiple hydrogenation stations which can be used to improve the convenience of hydrogen filling for customers. In addition, the vigorous development of fuel cell electric vehicles also requires the joint efforts of the governments and enterprises, continuously strengthen the demonstration operation,and appropriately explore new business operation modes.

    在线 av 中文字幕| 成年动漫av网址| 无限看片的www在线观看| 老司机午夜十八禁免费视频| 欧美精品人与动牲交sv欧美| 午夜福利在线免费观看网站| 国产91精品成人一区二区三区 | 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| 日韩制服丝袜自拍偷拍| 国产精品亚洲一级av第二区| 国产亚洲一区二区精品| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影小说| 99国产精品99久久久久| av国产精品久久久久影院| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频| 热99re8久久精品国产| 99riav亚洲国产免费| 女人久久www免费人成看片| 欧美老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 国产主播在线观看一区二区| 国产真人三级小视频在线观看| 十八禁高潮呻吟视频| 黄色视频在线播放观看不卡| 超碰成人久久| 日本av手机在线免费观看| 91麻豆av在线| 欧美精品一区二区免费开放| 久久性视频一级片| 亚洲精品中文字幕一二三四区 | 亚洲欧美一区二区三区久久| 最新美女视频免费是黄的| 午夜激情久久久久久久| 久久久久视频综合| 桃花免费在线播放| 18禁黄网站禁片午夜丰满| av网站免费在线观看视频| 国产成人精品久久二区二区91| 国产精品av久久久久免费| 国产一区二区三区在线臀色熟女 | 十分钟在线观看高清视频www| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 香蕉国产在线看| a在线观看视频网站| 国产精品自产拍在线观看55亚洲 | 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲| 涩涩av久久男人的天堂| 老熟女久久久| 乱人伦中国视频| 国产亚洲精品第一综合不卡| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址 | 中文字幕高清在线视频| 9色porny在线观看| 午夜成年电影在线免费观看| av网站在线播放免费| 亚洲国产欧美在线一区| 精品久久久久久电影网| 操美女的视频在线观看| 热99re8久久精品国产| 女警被强在线播放| 欧美人与性动交α欧美精品济南到| 中亚洲国语对白在线视频| 丝袜人妻中文字幕| 老鸭窝网址在线观看| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 满18在线观看网站| 欧美日韩中文字幕国产精品一区二区三区 | 午夜福利欧美成人| 另类精品久久| 热re99久久精品国产66热6| 国产高清视频在线播放一区| 12—13女人毛片做爰片一| 王馨瑶露胸无遮挡在线观看| 91国产中文字幕| 国产成人精品无人区| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 国产成人精品在线电影| 亚洲中文av在线| 久久国产精品大桥未久av| 老司机影院毛片| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| 人成视频在线观看免费观看| 俄罗斯特黄特色一大片| 捣出白浆h1v1| 叶爱在线成人免费视频播放| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 日韩欧美免费精品| 国产伦人伦偷精品视频| 亚洲性夜色夜夜综合| 男女下面插进去视频免费观看| 交换朋友夫妻互换小说| 久久精品91无色码中文字幕| 免费看十八禁软件| 中文欧美无线码| 一区在线观看完整版| 波多野结衣一区麻豆| 老司机午夜十八禁免费视频| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| 大片电影免费在线观看免费| 久久99热这里只频精品6学生| 久久久久精品国产欧美久久久| 搡老乐熟女国产| 91老司机精品| 亚洲成人手机| 97人妻天天添夜夜摸| 久久久久久免费高清国产稀缺| 91字幕亚洲| 亚洲精品久久成人aⅴ小说| 精品乱码久久久久久99久播| 大香蕉久久网| 99精国产麻豆久久婷婷| 51午夜福利影视在线观看| 桃红色精品国产亚洲av| 欧美日韩成人在线一区二区| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| 久久99热这里只频精品6学生| 一级毛片精品| 热re99久久国产66热| 国产在视频线精品| 亚洲专区国产一区二区| 好男人电影高清在线观看| 免费黄频网站在线观看国产| 成年动漫av网址| 国产精品二区激情视频| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花| 高清黄色对白视频在线免费看| 欧美日韩成人在线一区二区| bbb黄色大片| 久久久精品94久久精品| 看免费av毛片| 久久精品亚洲熟妇少妇任你| 欧美日韩黄片免| 久久久久久人人人人人| 久久久久久久国产电影| 99re在线观看精品视频| 欧美日本中文国产一区发布| 性色av乱码一区二区三区2| 中亚洲国语对白在线视频| 热99re8久久精品国产| 自拍欧美九色日韩亚洲蝌蚪91| 国精品久久久久久国模美| 国产精品久久久久成人av| 日韩一区二区三区影片| 亚洲av成人不卡在线观看播放网| 精品一区二区三卡| 久久久久精品人妻al黑| 久久中文字幕一级| 在线观看免费日韩欧美大片| 亚洲成a人片在线一区二区| 久久久精品94久久精品| 精品久久久精品久久久| 国产亚洲一区二区精品| 亚洲专区中文字幕在线| 波多野结衣av一区二区av| 一区福利在线观看| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密| 男女免费视频国产| 欧美精品一区二区免费开放| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| 看免费av毛片| 女同久久另类99精品国产91| 老熟女久久久| 考比视频在线观看| 免费高清在线观看日韩| 如日韩欧美国产精品一区二区三区| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 久久ye,这里只有精品| 99国产精品99久久久久| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区mp4| 999久久久精品免费观看国产| 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| 亚洲成av片中文字幕在线观看| 精品免费久久久久久久清纯 | 成人手机av| 色综合欧美亚洲国产小说| 黑人欧美特级aaaaaa片| 成年人午夜在线观看视频| 男人舔女人的私密视频| 午夜福利乱码中文字幕| 国产男女超爽视频在线观看| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 亚洲成人手机| 亚洲欧美精品综合一区二区三区| 自线自在国产av| 深夜精品福利| 大型av网站在线播放| 精品国产乱码久久久久久小说| 老司机福利观看| 国产片内射在线| 成人精品一区二区免费| 麻豆乱淫一区二区| 亚洲成人免费av在线播放| 亚洲av美国av| 日韩欧美免费精品| 又大又爽又粗| 亚洲国产av新网站| 黑人猛操日本美女一级片| av电影中文网址| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 啦啦啦免费观看视频1| 国产一区二区激情短视频| a级毛片在线看网站| 国产成人欧美在线观看 | 高清在线国产一区| 一区二区三区乱码不卡18| 日韩一区二区三区影片| 日韩视频在线欧美| 久久精品人人爽人人爽视色| tocl精华| 午夜久久久在线观看| 精品国内亚洲2022精品成人 | 成年人黄色毛片网站| 国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线| 国产人伦9x9x在线观看| 精品国产国语对白av| 建设人人有责人人尽责人人享有的| 亚洲第一av免费看| 在线天堂中文资源库| 国产成人影院久久av| 欧美一级毛片孕妇| 大片免费播放器 马上看| 欧美 日韩 精品 国产| 国产xxxxx性猛交| 日本黄色日本黄色录像| 亚洲一区二区三区欧美精品| 中文字幕色久视频| 国产99久久九九免费精品| 两性午夜刺激爽爽歪歪视频在线观看 | 可以免费在线观看a视频的电影网站| 99精品在免费线老司机午夜| 色婷婷久久久亚洲欧美| 精品亚洲乱码少妇综合久久| 久久毛片免费看一区二区三区| 一夜夜www| 国产一区二区在线观看av| 国产精品电影一区二区三区 | a级毛片黄视频| 亚洲国产欧美日韩在线播放| 久久中文看片网| 亚洲人成电影观看| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| 丁香六月欧美| 动漫黄色视频在线观看| 男女无遮挡免费网站观看| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 一区二区av电影网| 亚洲av成人一区二区三| 999久久久精品免费观看国产| 国产免费av片在线观看野外av| 极品教师在线免费播放| 99热国产这里只有精品6| 久久久久精品国产欧美久久久| 欧美 亚洲 国产 日韩一| 大型黄色视频在线免费观看| 日韩熟女老妇一区二区性免费视频| 免费观看a级毛片全部| 久久热在线av| 久久久久网色| av线在线观看网站| 亚洲中文av在线| 亚洲天堂av无毛| 黑人欧美特级aaaaaa片| 成人特级黄色片久久久久久久 | 五月开心婷婷网| 久久香蕉激情| 男女高潮啪啪啪动态图| 不卡av一区二区三区| 日韩视频在线欧美| 满18在线观看网站| 两人在一起打扑克的视频| 窝窝影院91人妻| 亚洲国产成人一精品久久久| 国产av一区二区精品久久| 久久中文字幕人妻熟女| 亚洲一卡2卡3卡4卡5卡精品中文| 国产精品一区二区在线不卡| 老司机亚洲免费影院| 亚洲少妇的诱惑av| 19禁男女啪啪无遮挡网站| 波多野结衣一区麻豆| 久久热在线av| 成人特级黄色片久久久久久久 | 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| 国产一区二区在线观看av| 丰满少妇做爰视频| 两个人免费观看高清视频| 国产精品成人在线| 怎么达到女性高潮| 一个人免费看片子| 国产一区二区三区在线臀色熟女 | 好男人电影高清在线观看| 国产欧美亚洲国产| 国产伦理片在线播放av一区| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| 国产亚洲欧美精品永久| 精品久久久精品久久久| 国产深夜福利视频在线观看| 五月开心婷婷网| 99香蕉大伊视频| 正在播放国产对白刺激| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡| 宅男免费午夜| 国产精品成人在线| 久久人人爽av亚洲精品天堂| 国产精品亚洲一级av第二区| 他把我摸到了高潮在线观看 | 亚洲欧美精品综合一区二区三区| 国产在线观看jvid| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| av网站在线播放免费| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡| 国产av一区二区精品久久| 久久性视频一级片| 黄色a级毛片大全视频| 亚洲精品成人av观看孕妇| 少妇精品久久久久久久| 日韩 欧美 亚洲 中文字幕| 亚洲欧美日韩另类电影网站| 一进一出抽搐动态| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 成人精品一区二区免费| 777米奇影视久久| 精品一区二区三区av网在线观看 | 成年人午夜在线观看视频| 日韩成人在线观看一区二区三区| cao死你这个sao货| √禁漫天堂资源中文www| 午夜激情av网站| 成年动漫av网址| 亚洲七黄色美女视频| 国产精品 欧美亚洲| 9热在线视频观看99| 久久av网站| 女警被强在线播放| 欧美人与性动交α欧美软件| avwww免费| 久久久久国内视频| 免费在线观看日本一区| 久久婷婷成人综合色麻豆| 高清视频免费观看一区二区| 中文字幕人妻熟女乱码| 人人澡人人妻人| 一区二区三区乱码不卡18| 亚洲精品成人av观看孕妇| 亚洲伊人色综图| 午夜福利欧美成人| 91精品三级在线观看| 免费观看av网站的网址| 日本av免费视频播放| av又黄又爽大尺度在线免费看| 国产片内射在线| 国产av国产精品国产| 99久久99久久久精品蜜桃| 美女国产高潮福利片在线看| 不卡一级毛片| 亚洲成人免费av在线播放| 欧美午夜高清在线| 91成年电影在线观看| 天天操日日干夜夜撸| 亚洲精品自拍成人| 老鸭窝网址在线观看| 黄色片一级片一级黄色片| 多毛熟女@视频| 免费久久久久久久精品成人欧美视频| 男男h啪啪无遮挡| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添小说| 老司机亚洲免费影院| 国产精品一区二区精品视频观看| 在线亚洲精品国产二区图片欧美| 欧美在线黄色| 亚洲一码二码三码区别大吗| 亚洲第一欧美日韩一区二区三区 | 不卡一级毛片| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 国产成人免费观看mmmm| 无限看片的www在线观看| 国产xxxxx性猛交| 99riav亚洲国产免费| 免费在线观看日本一区| 人人妻,人人澡人人爽秒播| 亚洲九九香蕉| 黑人猛操日本美女一级片| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| 女性生殖器流出的白浆| aaaaa片日本免费| 夜夜骑夜夜射夜夜干| 久热这里只有精品99| 青草久久国产| 中文字幕av电影在线播放| 日韩成人在线观看一区二区三区| 纵有疾风起免费观看全集完整版| 久久午夜综合久久蜜桃| 美女视频免费永久观看网站| 精品久久久久久久毛片微露脸| 一本—道久久a久久精品蜜桃钙片| 亚洲一区中文字幕在线| 另类亚洲欧美激情| 女警被强在线播放| 97人妻天天添夜夜摸| 天堂动漫精品| 成人国语在线视频| 在线观看免费视频日本深夜| 欧美日本中文国产一区发布| 老司机午夜福利在线观看视频 | 亚洲 国产 在线| 女性生殖器流出的白浆| 精品欧美一区二区三区在线| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡| 国产免费现黄频在线看| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 另类精品久久| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 国产亚洲午夜精品一区二区久久| 久热爱精品视频在线9| 国产精品.久久久| 成人特级黄色片久久久久久久 | 久久久精品免费免费高清| 国产色视频综合| 色播在线永久视频| 久久婷婷成人综合色麻豆| 久久天堂一区二区三区四区| 国产一区二区三区在线臀色熟女 | 欧美日韩成人在线一区二区| 国产成人一区二区三区免费视频网站| 久久久久久久久免费视频了| a级毛片黄视频| 丰满饥渴人妻一区二区三| 国产免费av片在线观看野外av| 免费女性裸体啪啪无遮挡网站| 热99re8久久精品国产| 国产精品电影一区二区三区 | 亚洲第一欧美日韩一区二区三区 | 久久国产亚洲av麻豆专区| 激情视频va一区二区三区| 久热这里只有精品99| a级毛片在线看网站| 亚洲人成伊人成综合网2020| 热re99久久国产66热| 人妻 亚洲 视频| 久久精品成人免费网站| 最近最新中文字幕大全电影3 | 国产免费av片在线观看野外av| 欧美日韩成人在线一区二区| 欧美午夜高清在线| 欧美日韩亚洲高清精品| 亚洲国产精品一区二区三区在线| 我的亚洲天堂| 搡老岳熟女国产| 午夜精品久久久久久毛片777| 五月天丁香电影| 国产一区二区三区综合在线观看| 欧美中文综合在线视频| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区蜜桃| av网站免费在线观看视频| 亚洲av成人一区二区三| 免费少妇av软件| 午夜老司机福利片| 欧美日韩黄片免| 99国产精品一区二区蜜桃av | 9色porny在线观看| 国产在线观看jvid| 无人区码免费观看不卡 | 亚洲精品自拍成人| 精品久久久精品久久久| 高清视频免费观看一区二区| 一本色道久久久久久精品综合| 老熟妇仑乱视频hdxx| 欧美精品人与动牲交sv欧美| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| 男女床上黄色一级片免费看| 国产激情久久老熟女| 999久久久国产精品视频| av超薄肉色丝袜交足视频| av电影中文网址| 精品人妻熟女毛片av久久网站| 久久久久精品国产欧美久久久| 免费看a级黄色片| 大香蕉久久成人网| 黄色视频在线播放观看不卡| 久久人妻福利社区极品人妻图片| 中文字幕av电影在线播放| 久久av网站| 色尼玛亚洲综合影院| 国产野战对白在线观看| 三级毛片av免费| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址 | 精品免费久久久久久久清纯 | 91九色精品人成在线观看| 国产又爽黄色视频| 视频区图区小说| 老熟妇仑乱视频hdxx| 国产精品偷伦视频观看了| 亚洲欧美精品综合一区二区三区| 十八禁网站免费在线| 正在播放国产对白刺激| 久久毛片免费看一区二区三区| 久9热在线精品视频| 亚洲三区欧美一区| 亚洲av欧美aⅴ国产| 欧美乱码精品一区二区三区| 日韩熟女老妇一区二区性免费视频| 一级毛片女人18水好多| 国产伦理片在线播放av一区| 夫妻午夜视频| 老熟妇仑乱视频hdxx| 欧美日韩成人在线一区二区| www日本在线高清视频| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 人人妻人人添人人爽欧美一区卜| 久久精品aⅴ一区二区三区四区| 亚洲国产欧美在线一区| 午夜福利欧美成人| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx| 国产视频一区二区在线看| 母亲3免费完整高清在线观看| 一本久久精品| 香蕉丝袜av| 色播在线永久视频| 日韩熟女老妇一区二区性免费视频| 怎么达到女性高潮| 国产精品二区激情视频| 熟女少妇亚洲综合色aaa.| 在线观看一区二区三区激情| 日韩一卡2卡3卡4卡2021年| 999久久久国产精品视频| 精品国产乱码久久久久久小说| 老司机靠b影院| 久久性视频一级片| 777久久人妻少妇嫩草av网站| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 80岁老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 国产亚洲午夜精品一区二区久久| 亚洲国产看品久久| 亚洲伊人久久精品综合| av线在线观看网站| 国产成人av教育| 丝瓜视频免费看黄片| 国产成人一区二区三区免费视频网站| 超碰97精品在线观看| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 久久久久久免费高清国产稀缺| 亚洲五月婷婷丁香| 成人特级黄色片久久久久久久 | 色婷婷av一区二区三区视频| 国产在线一区二区三区精| 日本撒尿小便嘘嘘汇集6| 三上悠亚av全集在线观看| 后天国语完整版免费观看| 老司机靠b影院| 久久久国产成人免费| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| 青草久久国产| 天堂俺去俺来也www色官网| 这个男人来自地球电影免费观看| 亚洲五月色婷婷综合| 电影成人av| 久久国产精品影院| 麻豆av在线久日| 九色亚洲精品在线播放| 一级,二级,三级黄色视频| 成年版毛片免费区| 亚洲精华国产精华精| 又紧又爽又黄一区二区| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 欧美日韩精品网址| 狠狠狠狠99中文字幕| 在线 av 中文字幕| 一夜夜www| 午夜激情av网站| 久久免费观看电影| 97人妻天天添夜夜摸| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 国产精品亚洲一级av第二区| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 女同久久另类99精品国产91| 大香蕉久久成人网| 国产无遮挡羞羞视频在线观看| 亚洲一卡2卡3卡4卡5卡精品中文| 不卡一级毛片| 亚洲熟女精品中文字幕| 午夜视频精品福利| 精品国产乱码久久久久久小说| 999精品在线视频| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 婷婷成人精品国产| 国产成人av教育| 午夜福利视频在线观看免费| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 80岁老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 丰满迷人的少妇在线观看| 亚洲熟妇熟女久久| netflix在线观看网站| 国产伦人伦偷精品视频| 亚洲专区字幕在线| 国产成人精品无人区| 麻豆成人av在线观看| 免费人妻精品一区二区三区视频| 丝袜在线中文字幕| 精品久久久久久电影网| 国产精品久久久av美女十八| 色尼玛亚洲综合影院| 久久中文看片网| 亚洲 欧美一区二区三区| 露出奶头的视频| 国产精品熟女久久久久浪| 国产精品 国内视频| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址 | 无人区码免费观看不卡 | 国产区一区二久久| 国产又色又爽无遮挡免费看| 黑人猛操日本美女一级片| www.999成人在线观看| 精品国产国语对白av| 性色av乱码一区二区三区2| 又紧又爽又黄一区二区|