句子還原題例析

許燦

中考閱讀理解題主要考查學(xué)生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同，要求閱讀速度為每分鐘40-50個(gè)詞。

閱讀理解還原題是將短文中某些句子挖掉，然后要求從所給的句子選項(xiàng)中選擇正確的句子完成短文（有時(shí)還設(shè)多余的干擾句子），所給的備選句子往往是短文的主題句、總結(jié)句或承上啟下的過渡句。這類題和常規(guī)的完形填空同屬于殘缺閱讀范疇，它們不僅考查學(xué)生的語言基礎(chǔ)知識、交際能力，更是對學(xué)生心理素質(zhì)的檢驗(yàn)。但其與完形填空所不同的是，句子還原題閱讀已經(jīng)上升到句子和文章的更高層面，著重考查學(xué)生分析理解和布局謀篇的能力。它著眼全文，從文章的大視野中考查學(xué)生的閱讀實(shí)力，只有讀懂全文、洞悉脈絡(luò)、理清思路，方能使句子對號入座。

A

（2023·廣東·深圳·統(tǒng)考二模）Do you want to have a healthy and close relationship with your parents？ Heres some advice from experts.

Do your own housework

Think of the things that your parents is always asking you to do around the house. Think of the housework that are your responsibility. If you dont like doing housework because you find them boring or difficult， ask your parents for tips on how to do them. 1

Keep your room tidy

Messy rooms are a common complaint among parents. Make your bed in the mornings as soon as youre up. 2 Put dirty clothes in the laundry basket. In this way， they show that you can shoulder the responsibility of taking care of whats yours.

3

This is especially important that your parents are the ones paying for your phone bills and the internet connection. You have to show them that you respect the values they teach you. 4 Using the internet and your phone is an advantage， not your right.

Take care of your brothers and sisters

5 It helps to give your parents a peaceful， comfortable and warm environment. Dont bully your younger ones and dont annoy your older ones. Help them with any problem they might be going through. Do fun things together.

1. B. 根據(jù)“If you dont like doing housework because you find them boring or difficult， ask your parents for tips on how to do them. ”可知，下文應(yīng)該是說父母給你什么建議，教你什么方法做家務(wù)。因此B項(xiàng)“也許他們可以幫助你想出新的方法”符合語境。故選B。

2. D. 根據(jù)標(biāo)題“Keep your room tidy”可知，本段主要與保持整潔有關(guān)。因此D項(xiàng)“把衣服掛起來，保持衣櫥整潔”符合語境。故選D。

3. A. 根據(jù)“This is especially important that your parents are the ones paying for your phone bills and the internet connection. ”可知，這里提到電話費(fèi)和上網(wǎng)費(fèi)用，本句是在段落開頭，這里是祈使句，因此A項(xiàng)“負(fù)責(zé)任地使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和手機(jī)”符合語境。故選A。

4. E. 根據(jù)“You have to show them that you respect the values they teach you. ”可知，此處提到你要尊重他們教給你的價(jià)值觀，因此E項(xiàng)“你也必須尊重他們?yōu)槟阒Ц兜腻X”符合語境。故選E。

5. C. 根據(jù)“Take care of your brothers and sisters”可知，此處提到的是家庭成員，因此C項(xiàng)“盡最大努力與家人相處”符合語境。故選C。

B

（2023·四川·成都·統(tǒng)考一模）Some people are excellent listeners， some are terrible. To help you know about bad listeners. Ive put together some of the habits bad listeners have in common.

◆They get out of mind very easily.

1 That doesnt necessarily mean that we are bad listeners. However， imagine talking to someone who keeps looking somewhere else. You may feel really frustrated （沮喪的）. 2 While a bad listerner gets out of mind very easily.

◆They change the topic.

Picture this. 3 At that moment you want to share it with your friend. You tell him， but he gives you an answer like： “Oh， thats great. By the way， what are we going to eat？ How about...” See what just happened？ They understand your words， they say what they have to say， and then they change the topic completely.

◆ 4

Some people first seem interested in you， but after your first three words， they stop you to talk about themselves. The bad listener says， “Hey！ How are you doing？” You say， “Hi！ Im great， just got improved in math and... ” And they cut you off there. “Im great too！ So， I celebrated with my family and friends... ”

◆They always stop you.

One of the worst habits bad listeners have is that they dont let you finish your sentence. They believe they know what youre about to say and they stop you so that they often cant understand your point at all. 5 A good listener always makes sure he or she understands your point and give reasonable advice.

1. F. 根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“They get out of mind very easily. ”可知，糟糕的傾聽者很容易走神；再根據(jù)空后“That doesnt necessarily mean that we are bad listeners. ”可知，作為傾聽者，走神是正常的，但這并不意味著我們就是糟糕的傾聽者。F選項(xiàng)“在談話中，我們有時(shí)會心不在焉，這是很常見的”符合語境。故選F。

2. D. 根據(jù)空后“While a bad listerner gets out of mind very easily. ”可知，糟糕的傾聽者很容易走神，而一個(gè)好的傾聽者是不會這樣的，前后句形成對比。D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)好的傾聽者會盡力跟隨你”符合語境。故選D。

3. E. 根據(jù)空后“At that moment you want to share it with your friend. ”可推知，你收到了一條好消息想分享給他人。E選項(xiàng)“你剛剛收到了你生命中最好的消息之一”符合語境。故選E。

4. C. 根據(jù)下文“Some people first seem interested in you， but after your first three words， they stop you to talk about themselves. ”可知，有的人似乎對你有興趣，但當(dāng)你開口后，他們將打斷你然后談?wù)撈鹱约?，說明他們只關(guān)心自己。C選項(xiàng)“他們真的只關(guān)心他們自己，而不是你”符合語境。故選C。

5. B. 根據(jù)“They believe they know what youre about to say and they stop you so that they often cant understand your point at all. ”可知，有些傾聽者自認(rèn)為知道你想表達(dá)什么，然后阻止你繼續(xù)說下去，但結(jié)果他們經(jīng)常根本無法理解你的觀點(diǎn)，所以他們的建議和答案也沒有任何意義。B選項(xiàng)“所以他們的回答或建議對你來說沒有任何意義”符合語境。故選B。

（作者單位：山東省菏澤市牡丹區(qū)黃堽鎮(zhèn)初級中心中學(xué)）