How Did Parkour Start and Evolve跑酷的由來(lái)和發(fā)展

盧屹/譯

You may have witnessed people jumping from wall to wall， scrambling over buildings， springing from poles， and flinging themselves about—thats parkour. Yet， little do you know; parkour is more interesting than you ever know.

也許你曾目睹有人飛檐走壁、攀越樓宇、爬桿跳柱、閃展騰挪——那就是跑酷。不過(guò)，你有所不知，跑酷比你想象的更有趣。

Parkours birthplace： where it all began

跑酷發(fā)源地：一切開(kāi)始的地方

Every sport has its roots. For park-our， it began in France， way back in 1988， in the suburbs of Paris.

每種運(yùn)動(dòng)都有其淵源。就跑酷而言，它源自法國(guó)，可追溯到1988年的巴黎郊區(qū)。

It was in France where the man behind the establishment of the sport， David Belle， realized his burning desire to acquire abilities that would be valuable to him in life， rather than merely training to kick a ball or make moves in a cushioned， indoor environment. He had conversations with his father， Raymond Belle， a firefighter. He got the idea of the training called “parcours1，” which his father underwent when he joined a French army unit where they were taught military education and training， first developed by Georges Hébert2.

正是在當(dāng)時(shí)的法國(guó)，創(chuàng)造這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的幕后功臣大衛(wèi)·貝爾意識(shí)到自己迫切渴望掌握對(duì)生活有價(jià)值的技能，而不僅僅是練習(xí)踢球或在有保護(hù)墊的室內(nèi)環(huán)境里活動(dòng)。他與當(dāng)消防員的父親雷蒙·貝爾進(jìn)行過(guò)多次交流，從父親那里了解到一種叫作parcours的訓(xùn)練方法。他父親在法國(guó)陸軍某分隊(duì)服役期間接受過(guò)這種由喬治·埃貝爾首創(chuàng)的軍事教育訓(xùn)練。

As you can see， parkour is navigating the environment， which serves as the obstacle course. That is because parkour has its origins in military obstacle course coaching and martial arts. It incorporates sprinting， climbing， swinging， leaping， jumping， plyometrics， spinning， and four-legged movement3—whatever is appropriate for the situation.

正如你所見(jiàn)，跑酷是在環(huán)境中探索前進(jìn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，而這個(gè)環(huán)境充當(dāng)了越障訓(xùn)練場(chǎng)的角色。這是因?yàn)榕芸崞鹪从谲娛律系脑秸嫌?xùn)練和武術(shù)，包含快跑、攀爬、擺蕩、騰躍、跳躍、肌肉增強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練、旋轉(zhuǎn)、四足式運(yùn)動(dòng)等任何適應(yīng)環(huán)境特點(diǎn)的動(dòng)作。

After David Belles self-training， he introduced the sport to his cousins and other young men who eventually became his group. They were named the Yamakasi4 group. These men started training and sharing their creativity through movement. Afterward， they had shows and performances that caught peoples attention， though positive or negative.

大衛(wèi)·貝爾自己訓(xùn)練過(guò)后，又把這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)介紹給了他的表兄弟和其他幾個(gè)年輕人。他們最終組成一支隊(duì)伍，名叫Yamakasi。這群年輕人開(kāi)始訓(xùn)練，并通過(guò)動(dòng)作分享各自的創(chuàng)意。后來(lái)，他們參加的電視節(jié)目和演出活動(dòng)吸引了人們的關(guān)注，但反響有好有壞。

Just like how quickly movements are done in parkour， the sport quickly found its way to people in different parts of the world through features in TV programs， advertisements on various platforms， newsreels， feature stories， and electronic games. From France， parkours spirit traveled to the U.S.， Asia， and all parts of the world.

正如跑酷動(dòng)作完成得飛快，這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)也通過(guò)電視節(jié)目、各種平臺(tái)上的廣告、新聞短片、專(zhuān)題報(bào)道、電子游戲，迅速傳播到世界各地的人群中。跑酷精神從法國(guó)傳到美國(guó)、亞洲，以至世界各地。

The word “parkour”： its evolution over time

跑酷之名：隨時(shí)間而演變

Before arriving at the term “park-our，” it was derived from different phrases way back at its birth.

在定名為parkour之前，這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)早在誕生時(shí)就有幾種不同的叫法。

Georges Hébert brought in the first term “parcours du combattant5.” He called the combat training using the traditional obstacle course approach， which he proposed.

喬治·埃貝爾提出了第一個(gè)名稱(chēng)parcours du combattant，以此將自己提出的傳統(tǒng)越障訓(xùn)練法稱(chēng)為“作戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練”。

Afterward， “l(fā)es parcours” was Raymond Belles word for all of his training， which included trekking， jumping， sprinting， stabilizing， and other tactics he utilized to improve his level of fitness.

后來(lái)，雷蒙·貝爾用les parcours來(lái)稱(chēng)呼他的整套訓(xùn)練方法。這套方法包括徒步、跳躍、快跑、平衡等用來(lái)強(qiáng)身健體的技能。

Time passed by， David Belle indulged himself to creatively and excitingly navigate the environment， which led him to be successful in his craft of being a stuntman. There， he showcased his love and passion through the art of movement. On his set one time， Hubert Koundé， a French actor and film director， proposed to make the letter “c” in the term “parcours” to letter “k” and remove the letter “s，” which is silently pronounced， which is done in favor of making it more powerful and vibrant. From then， parkour has been known as parkour.

又過(guò)了一段時(shí)間，大衛(wèi)·貝爾沉迷于用創(chuàng)新、刺激的方法在某處環(huán)境中穿行，這使得他在特技演員的職業(yè)生涯中獲得成功。作為特技演員，他通過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)藝術(shù)展現(xiàn)自己的熱愛(ài)與激情。有一次在拍攝現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，法國(guó)演員兼電影導(dǎo)演于貝爾·昆代提議將parcours一詞中的c改為k，再去掉不發(fā)音的s，這樣改后的名字聽(tīng)起來(lái)更具力度和動(dòng)感。自那時(shí)起，parkour這個(gè)名字就叫開(kāi)了。

Parkour： from poor activity to a world sport

跑酷：從糟糕的活動(dòng)到世界性運(yùn)動(dòng)

For one activity to be called a sport， it should be physically demanding and skill-based， whereby an individual or a team competes against someone else or others for entertainment purposes. An activity that doesnt possess all those requisites cant be a sport. Yet， parkour encompasses it all; thats why it is a sport. From simple leaping， running， and roaming around the city through creative stunts， it is now recognized by different sports councils.

一個(gè)活動(dòng)要想被稱(chēng)為一項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，必須對(duì)體力有較高要求并且以技巧為本，參與其中的個(gè)人或團(tuán)體要以?shī)蕵?lè)為目的與其他人或其他團(tuán)體較量。除非具備上述所有必要條件，否則不能算作體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。跑酷就包括這一切元素，所以它是一項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。從簡(jiǎn)單地在城市中四處騰躍、奔跑，到用創(chuàng)新的特技動(dòng)作漫游城市，跑酷如今還得到了各種體育運(yùn)動(dòng)委員會(huì)的認(rèn)可。

Parkour began as a “poor” recreation in the Parisian urban ghettos， but it has since developed enormously， becoming a legitimate sport. Many would take park-our just as a pastime and a poor activity that people dont look up to for reasons—hard to learn， only a few engagements and not worth the risk. Yet， many also do not even know the pleasure and benefits it gives to traceurs alike.

跑酷一開(kāi)始是巴黎城市貧民區(qū)的“窮人”娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，但之后得以蓬勃發(fā)展，成為一項(xiàng)正式的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。許多人可能覺(jué)得跑酷只是一種消遣，一種因?yàn)殡y學(xué)、活動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)少、不值得冒險(xiǎn)等原因而不被看好的糟糕活動(dòng)。但是，很多人根本不知道它給跑酷者帶來(lái)的愉悅和好處。

The popularity of the discipline has grown. For David Belle and his friend Charles Perrière， parkour was further developed in order to gain formal recognition as a sport. Since the FIGs executive committee gave the go-ahead for the sports development in February 2017， milestones have been reached at the speed of an athlete tackling an obstacle course.

現(xiàn)在，這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)越來(lái)越受歡迎。對(duì)大衛(wèi)·貝爾和他的朋友夏爾·佩里埃而言，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展跑酷是為了讓它被正式認(rèn)可為一項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。自國(guó)際體操聯(lián)合會(huì)執(zhí)委會(huì)在2017年2月批準(zhǔn)發(fā)展這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)以來(lái)，跑酷者不斷以田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員完成障礙賽的速度達(dá)到一個(gè)又一個(gè)里程碑。

This development paved the way for the parkour to finally find its way to conduct the World Cup Series.

這一進(jìn)展為跑酷最終得以舉辦世界杯系列賽鋪平了道路。

You see， parkour isnt just leaping and roaming around the city. Traceurs and the sport parkour itself are globally given recognition and appreciation.

你看，跑酷不單單是在城市中四處騰躍、肆意漫游。跑酷者和跑酷運(yùn)動(dòng)本身已經(jīng)在全世界得到了認(rèn)可和贊賞。

（譯者為“《英語(yǔ)世界》杯”翻譯大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撸?/p>