How to Self-help in an Earthquake 如何在地震中自救

Micky

我們無(wú)法控制諸如地震這樣的自然災(zāi)害，但是我們完全可以在日常生活中掌握一些遭遇自然災(zāi)害時(shí)的自救方法，以便在危急關(guān)頭盡可能地減少傷亡。

Earthquakes， can be so 1）tremendously destructive. Its hard to imaginethey occur by the thousands every day around the world， usually in the formof small tremors.

Scientists assign a 2）magnitude rating to earthquakes based on thestrength and 3）duration of their seismic waves. A quake measuring 3 to 4.5is considered minor， 4.5 to 6 is moderate to strong， 6 is major， 8 or more isgreat.

When an earthquake occurs， we should keep calm and act according tothe surroundings.

If you are indoors

Drop， cover， and hold — Take cover under a4）sturdy desk， table， or bench， or against an insidewall， and hold on. If there is no desk or table nearyou， cover your face and head with your arms andcrouch in an inside corner of the building.

Stay away from glass， outside walls， doors andwindows， and anything that could fall， such as lightingfixtures and furniture.

If you are in bed when the earthquake strikes， stay there. Hold on andprotect your head with a pillow. If you are under a heavy light fixture thatcould fall， please move to the nearest safe place.

Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Mostinjuries during earthquakes occur when people are hit by falling objects whileentering or leaving buildings.

Do not use elevators.

If you are outdoors

Stay there.

Move away from buildings， trees， streetlights， and utility wires.

If you are in a moving car

Stop as quickly as safety permits， pull to the side of the road， and stay inthe car.

Avoid stopping near or under buildings， trees， overpasses， and utilitywires.

Do not attempt to drive across bridges that have been damaged.

Proceed cautiously after the earthquake has stopped， watching for roadand bridge damage.

If you are trapped under debris

Do not produce a flame.

Do not move about or kick up dust.

Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.

Tap on a pipe or wall so that rescuers can find you. Use a whistle if oneis available. Shout only as a last resort — Shouting can cause you to inhaledangerous amounts of dust.

1） tremendously adv. 非常地

2） magnitude n. 巨大

3） duration n. 持續(xù)時(shí)間

4） sturdy adj. 結(jié)實(shí)的；堅(jiān)固的

地震具有巨大的破壞性，很難想象世界上各個(gè)角落每天都發(fā)生著數(shù)以千計(jì)的地震，通常是小地震。

根據(jù)地震的強(qiáng)度和地震波的持續(xù)時(shí)間，科學(xué)家對(duì)地震進(jìn)行了震級(jí)評(píng)定：震級(jí)大于或等于3 級(jí)、小于或等于4.5 級(jí)屬有感地震；震級(jí)大于4.5 級(jí)、小于6級(jí)屬中強(qiáng)震；震級(jí)大于或等于6 級(jí)、小于8 級(jí)屬?gòu)?qiáng)震；震級(jí)大于或等于8 級(jí)屬巨大地震。

當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí)，我們要保持冷靜，根據(jù)周圍的環(huán)境進(jìn)行判斷后再行動(dòng)。

如果你在室內(nèi)

蹲下，尋找掩護(hù)，抓牢——利用堅(jiān)固的寫字臺(tái)、桌子或者長(zhǎng)凳下的空間，或者身子緊貼內(nèi)部承重墻作為掩護(hù)，然后雙手抓牢固定物體。如果附近沒(méi)有寫字臺(tái)或桌子，用雙臂護(hù)住頭部、臉部，蹲伏在建筑物的角落。

遠(yuǎn)離玻璃制品、建筑物外墻、門窗以及其他可能墜落的物體，如燈具和家具等。

如果發(fā)生地震時(shí)你在床上，請(qǐng)待在那里不要?jiǎng)?，抓緊枕頭保護(hù)你的頭部。如果你上方有可能墜落的重型燈具，請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)移至最近的安全地帶。

在晃動(dòng)停止并確認(rèn)戶外安全后，方可離開(kāi)房間。地震中的大多數(shù)傷亡，是人們?cè)谶M(jìn)出建筑物時(shí)被墜物擊中造成的。

切勿使用電梯逃生。

如果你在室外

待在原地不要?jiǎng)印?/p>

遠(yuǎn)離建筑物、樹(shù)木、街燈和電線電纜。

如果你在開(kāi)動(dòng)的汽車上

在確保安全的情況下，盡快靠邊停車，待在車內(nèi)。

不要把車停在建筑物下、大樹(shù)旁、立交橋或者電線電纜下。

不要試圖穿越已經(jīng)損壞的橋梁。

地震停止后小心前進(jìn)，注意道路和橋梁的損壞情況。

如果你被困在廢墟下

不要點(diǎn)火。

不要向周圍移動(dòng)，避免揚(yáng)起灰塵。

用手帕或布遮住口部。

敲擊管道或墻壁以便讓救援人員發(fā)現(xiàn)你。可能的話，請(qǐng)使用哨子。在其他方式不奏效的情況下再選擇呼叫——大聲喊叫可能使人吸入大量有害灰塵。