Learning about first-aid tips

四川 蔣建平

主題語境：急救知識

篇幅：327詞

建議用時：6分鐘

1First aid refers to the immediate,direct treatment of an injured person.Anyone with a basic understanding of medical treatment can give aid at the first signs of trouble.Simple procedures may include stopping blood loss by applying pressure,dressing a wound,treating a burn,or setting a bone.Some types,such as performing CPR,require an individual to receive specialized training from an official program.

2Many slight injuries can be handled with simple,immediate medical attention.A small cut,burn,or blister（水皰）,for instance,can be attended to by thoroughly cleaning the injury,applying an antibiotic cream,and covering it with a breathable bandage.Treating bruises（瘀傷）,muscle strains,swelling,and animal bites usually involves icing and pressing the injuries,as well as taking pain medication.

3Some injuries require medical services beyond the average person's abilities.A person who is choking or drowning,for example,may depend on a trained professional with first aid.Strokes,seizures（癲癇）,concussions（腦震蕩）,and broken bones create special challenges for immediate medical care providers,as they are usually required to keep victims calm and conscious while temporarily relieving symptoms.

4Individuals in most countries can get first-aid training through courses offered by community health organizations and hospitals.Training may last anywhere from a few hours to three or four days,depending on the size of a program.Individuals in training usually learn how to recognize signs of choking,concussions,and blood loss,and practice the means of treating such illnesses.People who learn how to perform CPR and other lifesaving tasks are often awarded with special certifications.

5Successful first-aid procedures can provide relief from pain and uncomfortable symptoms and prevent further damage from infection.When treatment is provided quickly,many injuries are able to heal completely without a visit to a medical professional or emergency room.Urgent care can even mean the difference between life and death in situations where professional help is unavailable or slow to arrive.

Reading

Check

Detail

1.Which of the following requires specialized training?

A.Treating a burn.B.Setting a bone.

C.Dressing a wound.D.Performing CPR.

Detail

2.Which of the following can be treated with icing?

A.Burns.B.Swelling.

C.Bleeding.D.Blisters.

Detail

3.Why is it difficult to treat injuries like strokes and seizures?

A.The symptoms are hard to relieve.

B.The risk of death is high.

C.The pain is powerful.

D.The victims may be unconscious.

Gist

4.What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A.The importance of first aid.

B.The key to successful first aid.

C.The training programs of first aid.

D.The best time to give first aid.

Language

Study

Ⅰ.Difficult sentence in the text

Urgent care can even mean the difference between life and death in situations where professional help is unavailable or slow to arrive.在沒有專業(yè)救助或專業(yè)救助無法及時趕到的情況下，急救關乎生死。

【點石成金】該句包含定語從句where professional help is unavailable or slow to arrive，該從句的先行詞是situations。

Ⅱ.Text-centered chunks

blood loss 失血

apply pressure 施壓

dress a wound 包扎傷口

muscle strain 肌肉扭傷

broken bone 骨折

urgent care 急救

主題應用·語庫構建

Ⅰ.主題詞匯

symptom 癥狀

emergency 緊急情況

dizzy 頭暈的

unconscious 昏迷的

coma 昏迷

injured 受傷的

allergic 過敏的

bleed 流血

choke 噎住

slip 滑倒

fall down 摔倒

shock 休克

electric shock 觸電

heart attack 心臟病發(fā)作

frostbite 凍傷

heatstroke 中暑

infection 感染

swell 腫；腫脹

relieve 減輕

heal 愈合

pulse 脈搏

restore 使恢復

stability 穩(wěn)固；穩(wěn)定

conscious 有意識的

rise to one's feet 站起來

first aid 急救

first-aid kit 急救箱

rescue brigade 急救隊

first-aid tent 急救棚

ice pack 冰袋

towel 毛巾

mask 口罩

gauze 紗布

bandage 繃帶

band-aid 創(chuàng)可貼

thermometer 體溫計

tweezers 鑷子

pill 藥片；藥丸

ointment 藥膏

ambulance 救護車

stretcher 擔架

nursing 護理

press 按；壓

bind up 包扎

rescue breathing 人工呼吸

life-saving 挽救生命的

care for 看護；照料

wound 傷口

limb 肢；臂；腿tissue（動植物細胞的）組織

Ⅱ.主題美句

1.If the head is swollen,you can apply a cold compress,such as holding an ice pack to the wound.如果頭部腫了，你可以采用冷敷法，比如拿冰袋敷在傷口處。

2.Use your fingers to hold both sides of your nose for 4 to 8 minutes,or use a cotton ball soaked in ice water to fill the nasal cavity with pressure to stop the bleeding.用手指捏住兩側鼻翼4 至8 分鐘，或者用浸了冰水的棉球填塞鼻腔壓迫止血。

3.For burns,put the burn under cool running water.Then put a cool cloth on it.Do not put ice or anything else on the burn.對于燒傷，就用流動的冷水沖洗傷口，然后把一塊涼布放在傷口上。不要在燒傷的傷口上放冰塊或其他任何東西。

4.If the person is bleeding,try to stop it quickly.Put a clean cloth on the wound.傷者如果有出血現象，就要設法趕緊止血。把一塊干凈的布放在傷口上。

5.If someone is choking,hit him or her on the back between his or her shoulders.If that does not work,stand behind the person.Place your arms around him or her.Pull quickly and sharply to help him or her stop choking.如果有人噎到了，就拍擊他/她肩膀之間的背部。如果這樣沒有效果，就站到那人的身后，伸出雙臂抱住對方，然后迅速猛拉，從而擠出異物。

6.If the victim's clothes are on fire,he should lie down and remain stationary and quickly be rolled in a rug or blanket doused with water.如果受害者的衣服燒著了，他應躺下不動并用浸濕的毯子裹住自己。

7.She cut her finger badly and it was bleeding heavily.她的手指被嚴重割傷，血流不止。

8.She fell down from the bike and broke her arm.她從自行車上摔了下來，傷了胳膊。

9.He badly sprained his ankle,grimacing in pain.他嚴重扭傷了腳踝，疼得齜牙咧嘴。

10.She is choking on a fish bone.她被魚刺卡住并導致窒息。

11.He was taken to the hospital for a snake bite.他因遭蛇咬而被送往醫(yī)院。

12.I believe that having some firstaid knowledge is important,because it helps us protect ourselves better.我認為掌握一定的急救知識是很重要的，因為它能幫助我們更好地保護自己。

13.Knowing a little first-aid knowledge could be life-saving if you see someone lying unconscious.如果你看見有人暈倒，知道一些急救知識可以挽救生命。

14.Too often people don't do anything because they think they will kill the patient,but by learning simple rules you could make a difference between life and death.通常人們什么都不做，因為他們認為自己的做法可能會害死病人。但是學習一些簡單的措施你就可能可以救死扶傷了。

15.If there are no signs of life—no obvious pulse and their heart is not beating,call an ambulance and then start CPR to maintain a flow of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart.如果沒有明顯的脈搏和心臟跳動，那就是沒有生命跡象了。此時要立刻叫救護車并開始心肺復蘇以保持含氧血液在大腦和心臟之間流通。

16.If there is no response at all,you need to establish if they are dead or just unconscious—sometimes it's very difficult to tell the difference.如果沒有回應，你需要確定他們是死了還是僅僅是暈過去了，雖然有時這很難分辨清楚。

Ⅲ.主題寫作

假定你是李華，在上體育課打籃球時，你的同學劉強摔倒并骨折，于是你對他實施了必要的急救。請你就此事，用英語寫一篇短文，內容包括：

1.事件發(fā)生的經過；

2.你是如何實施急救的。

注意：

1.詞數80左右；

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。