第三屆跨區(qū)域命題征集活動成果展示（上）

原創(chuàng)試題（一）

It would be much more convenient if electric cars could be recharged wirelessly.Some electric toothbrushes and other small devices,such as mobile phones,can already be topped up in this way using a process called electromagnetic induction（電磁感應(yīng)）.This employs some kind of electrical current flowing through a coil（線圈）to create a varying magnetic field,which then generates another current in a second coil placed alongside it,which is used to recharge a battery.

As users of electric toothbrushes and phones will know,device and charger must be both close to each other and precisely aligned（校準的）for this process to work.That is tricky to achieve with an electric car,which sits above the ground and requires higher levels of energy transfer.

These problems are being overcome with advances like that made by WiTricity,a firm based near Boston.This company was founded in 2007 to commercialize the work of Marin Soljaèi and his colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Dr Soljaèi knew,in theory,that by having the transmitting and receiving coils resonate（共振）at the same frequency it should be possible to transfer greater amounts of energy over longer distances,and he sought to commercialize the system to large companies,such as BMW.

An advantage of wireless recharging is what WiTricity’s boss calls“power snacking”.This is topping up the battery when a car is stationary for a short time.The company provides systems to recharge taxis in this way while they wait in line,and to do the same for electric buses at bus stops.It is also possible to charge vehicles while they are on the move.That might make sense in places where vehicles often queue up,such as at airports。

1.What is the key element to charge electric cars wirelessly?

A.Devices being closed to chargers.

B.An electrical current flowing through a coil.

C.A process of electrical currents transformation.

D.High levels of energy transfer.

2.What make electric cars get large amounts of energy wirelessly possible?

A.Charging vehicles while they are on the move.

B.That the transmitting and receiving coils cooperate well.

C.Commercializing the system to BMW.

D.The transformation of energy over longer distances.

3.What does the underlined word“stationary”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A.Motionless.

B.Moving.

C.Firm.

D.Unchanging.

4.Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A.Advantages and disadvantages of wirelesscharging

B.Wireless vehicle-charging is starting to look promising

C.Various forms of wireless-charging systems

D.How to charge a car with a wireless-charging system

【解析】

1.C【命題意圖】理解具體信息

【解題思路】題干問電動汽車無線充電的關(guān)鍵原理是什么。根據(jù)文章第一段的“This employs some kind of electrical current,...which is used to recharge a battery.”（電磁感應(yīng)原理就是某種電流流經(jīng)一個線圈時產(chǎn)生一個變化的磁場，這個變化的磁場在附近的另一個線圈中產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流，這個感應(yīng)電流就可以用來給電池充電）以及第二段內(nèi)容可知，電池充電的過程就是電能的轉(zhuǎn)移過程。故C 項正確。

【干擾項分析】A、B、D 項都屬于“斷章取義”，在文中都有提到，都是電池充電的必備條件，但都不是最重要的。

2.B【命題意圖】理解具體信息

【解題思路】題干問什么使電動汽車在無線情況下能夠接收大量電能成為可能。根據(jù)第三 段“Dr Soljaèi knew,in theory,that by having the transmitting and...transfer greater amounts of energy over longer distances”可知，在理論上，通過讓原線圈和感應(yīng)線圈同頻狀態(tài)下產(chǎn)生共振，更遠距離上傳輸更多的電能就有可能，可知，電動汽車能充上電的關(guān)鍵在于兩個線圈同頻狀態(tài)下的共振。故B 項正確。

3.A【命題意圖】理解詞匯

【解題思路】題干問“stationary”什么意思。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句可知電動汽車短時間_________可以充電以及下文“The company provides systems to recharge taxis in this way while they wait in line,and to do the same for electric buses at bus stops.”(公司提供設(shè)備能夠以這種方式給排隊等候的出租車充電，也可以給在車站的公交車充電）可知，stationary 指的是出租車排隊等候或公交車停在站里的狀態(tài)。故A 項正確。

4.B【命題意圖】理解文章主旨要義

【解題思路】題干問本文最佳標題是什么。第一段導入，由電動牙刷等無線充電裝置及其充電原理導入；第二段由電動牙刷和手機等的無線充電過渡到電動汽車的無線充電，并提出要實現(xiàn)電動汽車無線充電所面臨的難題；第三段主要講述WiTricity 公司克服技術(shù)難題，使電動汽車無線充電從理論上成為可能；第四段主要講述電動汽車無線充電的優(yōu)點。由此可知，本文主要講電動汽車無線充電的可能性及其前景。故B 項正確。

創(chuàng)新點分析

1 題：題干材料設(shè)置創(chuàng)新，四個選項文中都有，且分散在前兩段，需要學生通讀材料，結(jié)合自己的判斷找出關(guān)鍵信息。

2 題：考查維度創(chuàng)新，選項都可以在文中找到，但學生只有整體上把握關(guān)鍵詞句的意思才能做對。

3 題：考查角度創(chuàng)新，本題考查根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義的能力，設(shè)置的是學過的單詞的變形，學生必須在語境中仔細揣摩。

4 題：考查維度創(chuàng)新，做題時學生必須通篇理解，整理把握，概括文章大意。

【創(chuàng)新點描述】本文屬于科普文，在關(guān)鍵科學原理上出題，真正考查學生的閱讀理解能力和提取關(guān)鍵信息的能力；選題貼近學生生活，啟發(fā)學生在生活中多思考，多創(chuàng)新。

【作者單位姓名】河南省寶豐縣第一高級中學 張珍珍

原創(chuàng)試題（二）

Following a design shown on her cell phone,Ruan Xiyue,35,quickly sketched a manned spacecraft on a gourd（葫蘆）,completing the first step of gourd sculpture,an intangible cultural heritage of northwest China’s Gansu Province.

Coming from a family engaged in gourd sculpture for almost 90 years in Lanzhou,the capital of Gansu,Ruan is not satisfied with just perfecting her technique.Instead,the fourth-generation inheritor aims to bring traditional craftsmanship closer to young people through marketing and sharing.

Dating back over 1 600 years,gourd sculpture was first developed as a decoration on people’s portable wine pots made of gourds.The pronunciation of“gourd”in Chinese,which resembles that of “l(fā)uck and fortune”,partly explains its lasting popularity.

For Ruan,the fragrance of gourds is the smell of home.Upon graduating from college,she started learning gourd sculpture from her mother,sitting for hours every day practicing calligraphy and painting,which she deems as the essential training to become a qualified sculptor.Later,Ruan developed innovative products such as gourd mirrors and gourd necklaces to tap the market potential,believing they can help the craft reach more people.

Inside the museum of the intangible cultural heritage of Lanzhou,where Ruan works as a docent（講解員）,her family opened a gourd sculpting studio in 2010,displaying their works as well as a history of the art.

Ruan likes talking with visitors to the studio,and their interactions inspired her to launch a curriculum for people to experience the craft in 2016.According to Ruan,around 800 people attend the courses every year.Among them are students eager to learn something new,and young parents who bring their kids along to enjoy some lovely family time.“Many participants told me that our courses enable them to know more about the history of Lanzhou,and help make the city’s memories last longer,”said Ruan.

Under Ruan’s influence,her mother is now live streaming on social media every day sharing her stories of gourd sculpture with viewers across the country.“Sharing is inheriting,”said Ruan.“When we share our skills and knowledge with more people,the traditional culture will naturally be spread on a wider scale,”said Ruan.

1.What do we know about Ruan?

A.She is a designer of manned spacecraft on a gourd.

B.She is an inheritor of an intangible cultural heritage.

C.She has engaged in gourd sculpture for almost 90 years.

D.She is good at teaching young people the craftsmanship.

2.What probably made Ruan a best inheritor?

A.Her true love for the art.

B.Graduating from college.

C.Her innovative products.

D.Practicing the art for hours.

3.Which words can be used to describe the curriculum?

A.Inspiring and touching.

B.New and memorable.

C.Popular and enjoyable.

D.Lovely and practical.

4.Which statement is the author likely to agree with?

A.Spreading the gourd sculpture is to share the stories.

B.Stories of gourd sculpture are viewed across the world.

C.Live streaming on social media is the best way to share.

D.Traditional culture will be spread wider through sharing.

【主題語境】人與社會——歷史、社會與文化——傳統(tǒng)文化的傳承和傳播

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了蘭州市阮氏雕刻葫蘆第四代傳人阮熙越學習葫蘆雕刻藝術(shù)，并且結(jié)合現(xiàn)代技術(shù)舉辦展覽、課程、直播，分享和傳播傳統(tǒng)文化。

1.B 細節(jié)理解題。

【命題意圖】考查學生對于關(guān)鍵信息的梳理、加工和理解能力以及對于關(guān)鍵信息轉(zhuǎn)述的能力，要求考生掌握主題語境相關(guān)的詞匯知識an intangible cultural heritage 非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，sculpture 雕刻，inheritor 繼承人等等。同時，對段落的精細化閱讀，引導學生了解中國傳統(tǒng)文化，并體會文章主人翁以中國傳統(tǒng)文化為驕傲，以達到培養(yǎng)文化自信，愛國情懷的目的。

【命題意圖】題干問的是我們對阮有什么了解。相關(guān)信息在文章第一、二段。

【關(guān)鍵信息提取】Following a design shown on her cell phone,Ruan Xiyue,35,quickly sketched a manned spacecraft on a gourd（葫蘆）...Instead,the fourth-generation inheritor aims to bring traditional craftsmanship closer to young people through marketing and sharing.Coming from a family engaged in gourd sculpture for almost 90 years in Lanzhou，...

【信息解讀】35 歲的阮熙越按照手機上顯示的一個設(shè)計，迅速在葫蘆上勾勒出了載人飛船。由此可知，阮并不是這個載人飛船的設(shè)計者，因此選項A 是偷換概念。

相反，第四代傳承人的目標是通過營銷和分享，讓傳統(tǒng)手工藝更接近年輕人。由此可知，阮是一位非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的傳承人。故選B。而選項D 是干擾項，通過重疊young people，craftsmanship 等字眼混淆視聽，實則是無中生有。

阮氏來自甘肅省一個從事葫蘆雕刻近90 年的家庭。由此可知，并非阮從事葫蘆雕刻90 年，選項C 張冠李戴。

2.A。推理判斷題。

【命題意圖】考查學生通過獲取信息，了解阮為傳承葫蘆雕刻藝術(shù)所做的種種努力，從而推斷出阮對這門藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，態(tài)度決定高度，熱愛成就優(yōu)秀的辯證思維。在考查學生能力的同時，傳遞給學生對傳統(tǒng)文化的熱愛并為其發(fā)揚光大而努力的正確價值觀。

【解題思路】本題題干問什么讓阮成了一個非常優(yōu)秀的傳承人。相關(guān)信息在文章第四、五、六三段。

【關(guān)鍵信息提取】Upon graduating from college,she started learning gourd sculpture from her mother,sitting for hours every day practicing calligraphy and painting,...

...Ruan developed innovative products such as gourd mirrors and gourd necklaces to tap the market potential,...

Inside the museum of the intangible cultural heritage of Lanzhou,where Ruan works as a docent,...

Ruan likes talking with visitors to the studio,and their interactions inspired her to launch a curriculum for people to experience the craft in 2016.

【信息解讀】大學畢業(yè)后，她開始向母親學習葫蘆雕塑，每天坐著練習數(shù)小時的書法和繪畫。阮研發(fā)了葫蘆鏡和葫蘆項鏈等創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品，以挖掘市場潛力。

在蘭州市非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)博物館內(nèi)，阮在那里擔任講解員。

阮喜歡與工作室的參觀者交談，他們的互動激勵她在2016 年推出了一個課程，讓人們體驗這門藝術(shù)。

【信息推斷】阮之所以會大學一畢業(yè)就開始學習雕刻藝術(shù)，能夠每天坐著練習數(shù)小時，甚至創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品，做講解員、開設(shè)課程，都是源于她對雕刻藝術(shù)的熱愛，因為熱愛所以優(yōu)秀，故選項A 為正確選項。

3.C 推理判斷題。

【命題意圖】通過數(shù)據(jù)、關(guān)鍵字眼進行推測的能力。

【解題思路】題目題干問的是哪些詞語可以用來描述課程。相關(guān)信息在第六段。

【關(guān)鍵信息提取】According to Ruan,around 800 people attend the courses every year.Among them are students eager to learn something new,and young parents who bring their kids along to enjoy some lovely family time.

【信息解讀】據(jù)阮說，每年大約有800 人參加這些課程。其中包括渴望學習新知識的學生，以及帶著孩子一起享受美好家庭時光的年輕父母。

【信息推斷】有800 人參加課程，這個數(shù)據(jù)說明這些課程受到歡迎（popular），并且家長帶著孩子來上課享受美好家庭時光，說明課程是讓人愉悅的(enjoyable)。故選C。

4.D 態(tài)度觀點題。

【命題意圖】考查學生推斷作者觀點態(tài)度。作者觀點態(tài)度通常有兩種表達，一種是顯性的，作者自己表達觀點；另一種是隱性的，作者借助文章人物的語言來表達自己的觀點。如果作者的態(tài)度是中立客觀的，作者會在文章中引用正反雙方的觀點。除了能力考查外，再次通過作者觀點，傳遞正確對待傳統(tǒng)文化的正確態(tài)度和做法，讓文化自信的觀念和文化傳播的使命深入人心。

【解題思路】題目題干問的是作者會同意哪一個陳述。相關(guān)信息在文章最后一段。

【關(guān)鍵信息提取】“Sharing is inheriting,”said Ruan.“When we share our skills and knowledge with more people,the traditional culture will naturally be spread on a wider scale,”said Ruan.

【信息解讀】阮說：“分享是傳承，當我們與更多的人分享我們的技能和知識時，傳統(tǒng)文化自然會在更大范圍內(nèi)傳播?！?/p>

【信息推斷】作者用阮所說的話做結(jié)尾，其實正是作者寫作的目的所在，因此作者是會同意傳統(tǒng)文化將會通過分享得到更廣泛的傳播的。故選D。

【創(chuàng)新點分析】

1.語篇選擇：“無價值，不入題”。深度融入社會主義核心價值觀，弘揚中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化、社會主義先進文化，在引導學生堅定理想信念、厚植愛國主義情懷、加強品德修養(yǎng)、培養(yǎng)奮斗精神上下功夫，將顯性考查和隱性教育相結(jié)合，用精品試題讓學生接受思想的啟迪和文化的熏陶。

2.題目設(shè)置：“無思維，不命題”。突出對學生關(guān)鍵能力、思維過程和思維品質(zhì)的考查要求，加強對信息獲取與加工、邏輯推理與論證等。語篇后的四個問題有三個都是直接考查推測能力的，全面考查了關(guān)鍵能力，強調(diào)了思維品質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)，與高考的“考能力”趨勢相統(tǒng)一。

3.立德樹人是核心：無論是選材還是設(shè)題，反復強調(diào)社會主義核心價值觀，弘揚中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的價值取向，例如第1、2、4 題。

【作者單位姓名】廣東省中山市第二中學 蔡劍媚

原創(chuàng)試題（三）

Teachers worried about students turning in essays written by a popular artificial intelligence chatbot now have a new tool of their own.

Edward Tian,a computer science major at Princeton University,has built an App called GPTZero to detect whether a text is written by ChatGPT,which is a popular chatbot that has caused fears over its possibility for immoral uses in American academic circles.His motivation to create the computer program was to fight what he sees as an increase in AI plagiarism（剽竊）.Since the release of ChatGPT in 2022,there have been reports of students using the language model to pass off AI-written assignments as their own.Many teachers have reached out to him after he released GPTZero,telling him about the positive results they’ve seen from testing it.

To determine whether an essay is written by a computer program,GPTZero uses two indicators:“confusion”and“burstiness（突發(fā)性）”.The first indicator measures the complexity of text;if GPTZero is confused by the text,then it has a high complexity and it’s more likely to be human-written.However,if the text is more familiar to GPTZero —because it’s been trained on such data — then it will have low complexity and therefore is more likely to be AI-generated.Besides,the second indicator compares the variations of sentences.Humans tend to write with greater burstiness,for example,with some longer or complex sentences alongside shorter ones.AI sentences tend to be more uniform.

In a demonstration video,Tian compared the App’s analysis of a story in The New Yorker and a LinkedIn post written by ChatGPT.It successfully distinguished writing between human and AI.However,GPTZero isn’t foolproof,as some users have reported when putting it to the test.He said he’s still working to improve the model’s accuracy.

Tian is not opposed to the use of AI tools like ChatGPT.GPTZero is“not meant to be a tool to stop these technologies from being used,”he said.“But with any new technologies,we need to be able to adopt it responsibly and we need to have protections.”

1.What have some students done since ChatGPT was released?

A.They have built language models from ChatGPT.

B.They have copied AI-written text from ChatGPT.

C.They have accessed their assignments through ChatGPT.

D.They have passed their writing exams through ChatGPT.

2.What can be inferred about the two indicators of GPTZero?

A.The more uniform the text,the more likely it is to be AI-generated.

B.The more complex the text,the more likely it is to be AI-generated.

C.GPTZero sometimes confuses human-written texts with AI-generated texts.

D.GPTZero is more familiar with human-written texts than with AI-generated texts.

3.What does the underlined word“foolproof ”mean in the fourth paragraph?

A.User-friendly.

B.Time-efficient.

C.Fairly logical.

D.Completely reliable.

4.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about Tian’s statement?

A.We need to stop people from using AI tools.

B.We need to ban students from using ChatGPT.

C.We need to guard against the abuse of AI tools.

D.We need to fight against the spread of AI tools.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主題語境是人與社會。主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于一名大學生開發(fā)了一款應(yīng)用程序，該程序可以判斷文章是否由AI 生成的。人與社會主題語境下的科學與技術(shù)是高考英語說明文閱讀理解的高頻主題?？忌杞庾x出文中大學生對人工智能工具的觀點和態(tài)度，體現(xiàn)了對考生英語學科核心素養(yǎng)的考查。本試題內(nèi)容基調(diào)積極向上，有助于考生樹立正確的新科技應(yīng)用價值觀。

1.B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Since the release of ChatGPT in 2022,there have been reports of students using the language model to pass off AI-written assignments as their own.”可知，自2022 年ChatGPT 發(fā)布以來，已經(jīng)有報道稱，學生們使用這種語言模型把人工智能寫的作業(yè)當作自己的。copy A from B 意為“從B中復制或抄襲出A”，pass off 意為 “使人誤認為；冒充”。B 選項中，copied AI-written text from ChatGPT（抄襲從ChatGPT 得來的人工智能編寫的文本），與原文的pass off AI-written assignments as their own（把人工智能寫的作業(yè)當作自己的）進行了同義替換，故選B 項。

2.A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,if the text is more familiar to GPTZero— because it’s been trained on such data—...AI sentences tend to be more uniform.”可知，如果 GPTZero 更熟悉文本——因為它是在這些數(shù)據(jù)上訓練過的——那么它的復雜性就會很低，因此更有可能是人工智能生成的。…… 例如，人類傾向于以更大的爆發(fā)力寫作，與較短的句子一起使用一些較長或復雜的句子。AI 句子往往更統(tǒng)一。文本的復雜度越高，越有可能是人類寫的，而不是AI生成的，故B 項錯誤。C 項是指GPTZero 有時會混淆人類寫的文本和AI 生成的文本，C 項無中生有，故C 項錯誤。GPTZero 更熟悉AI 生成的文本，而不是人類寫的文本，故D 項錯誤。A 項是指文本越統(tǒng)一，就越有可能是AI 生成的，符合第三段的說法，故選A 項。

3.D 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的上文“It successfully distinguished writing between human and AI.However,GPTZero isn’t ...as some users have reported when putting it to the test.”可知，GPTZero成功地區(qū)分了人類和人工智能的寫作。根據(jù)畫線單詞下文”He said he’s still working to improve the model’s accuracy.”可知，他說，他仍在努力提高模型的準確性。因此可以判斷foolproof 是指不會出毛病的；萬無一失的意思，D 項是指完全可靠的意思，兩者意思相近，故選D 項。

4.C 段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Tian is not opposed to the use of AI tools like ChatGPT...we need to be able to adopt it responsibly and we need to have protections.’”可知，Tian 并不反對使用ChatGPT 等人工智能工具。他說，GPTZero不是為了成為阻止這些技術(shù)被使用的工具?！暗珜τ谌魏涡录夹g(shù)，我們都需要能夠負責任地采用它，我們需要有保障措施。”C 項是指我們需要防范AI 工具的濫用，與文中Tian 表明我們在使用AI 工具的同時需要有負責任的態(tài)度和保障措施的觀點一致，故選C 項。

【創(chuàng)新點描述】

（1）試題內(nèi)容創(chuàng)新點：選材新穎，本試題改編自權(quán)威媒體美國國家公共廣播電臺NPR（https://www.npr.org/2023/01/09/1147549845/gptzero-ai-chatgpt-edward-tian-plagiarism）2023 年1 月9 日發(fā)布的科技專欄下的文章。且內(nèi)容有關(guān)熱門話題人工智能，引導學生關(guān)注最新的科技進展。內(nèi)容也與學生的學業(yè)息息相關(guān)，讓學生更加容易進入該話題的閱讀。

（2）設(shè)問考查角度創(chuàng)新點：考查角度涉及新的人工智能工具面世后對社會所造成的影響，引導學生運用辯證的視角看待人工智能工具。從題目設(shè)置來看，有細節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，詞義猜測題和段落大意題，在試題難度上有一定的梯度，能有效鍛煉學生的高階思維。

（3）設(shè)問形式創(chuàng)新點：把人物的回答內(nèi)容作為設(shè)題點，引導學生科學地理解和看待日新月異的人工智能工具，培養(yǎng)更健全的人格。

【作者單位姓名】珠海市希望之星實驗學校 譚婉怡

原創(chuàng)試題（四）

Areas around the latitude（緯度）of 42 degrees north on earth are mostly known for their cool and pleasant climate.But there is one exception,which is famous for its incredible heat.This is the “Flaming Mountain”in China’s northwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Of course,it is not really“burning”.The mountain is barren and red,with a blackish tint（色調(diào)）.In summer,ground temperatures can be as high as 70-degrees Celsius.People are tricked by their senses into seeing“flames”.

The terrain is the main reason for the heat of the Flaming Mountain.It is located at the low point of the Turpan Basin which is also the lowest point of the Chinese mainland.The height difference between it and the surrounding mountains is more than 5 000 meters,so the hot air in the basin cannot easily disperse（驅(qū)散）.As a result,the Flaming Mountain becomes the hottest place on its latitude.

If one goes north from the county seat of Turpan,following what is known as the Road of Grapes for some 20 km,one reaches a canyon at the foot of the Flaming Mountain.There is no grass on the Flaming Mountain,but this canyon nearby is shaded by grapes.

The canyon（峽谷）is only 8 kilometers long from north to south,but its annual output of grapes can reach more than 10 million kg.Almost every family here grows grapes.After harvest,they are sent to shade houses for drying.

The shade houses are built on the slopes of barren mountains,high up and with no shelter,so as to make full use of the hot dry winds in the Turpan Basin.

There are many holes in the walls of the shade houses which not only help with ventilation（通風）,but also help avoid direct sunlight on grapes.It takes just 40 days for the fresh grapes to be dried by the hot air.

1.The underlined word“barren”in Paragraph 2 most probably means _______.

A.high and steep

B.bare and poor

C.grassy and flourishing

D.burning and flaming

2.Why is Flaming Mountain the hottest place on its latitude？

A.Because it is in flames.

B.Because there is no grass on it.

C.Because of its special latitude.

D.Because of its special terrain.

3.What do we know about the shade houses？

A.Almost every family has a shade house.

B.They can house more than 10 million kg grapes.

C.They are specially built to dry the fresh grapes.

D.The holes in their walls allow wind and sunlight in.

4.The passage is most likely taken from _______.

A.a science report

B.a tourist brochure

C.a public advertisement

D.a geographical documentary

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國西北地區(qū)火焰山及周邊的地理特征和當?shù)氐钠咸逊N植。

【解析】

1.B 理解詞匯。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知火焰山呈現(xiàn)紅中帶黑的色調(diào)，并且溫度很高，人們會有種看到火焰的感覺。再結(jié)合第四段There is no grass on the Flaming Mountain 可知，該山上沒有植被覆蓋，bare and poor 意為光禿的、貧瘠的。故選B。

2.D 理解具體信息。根據(jù)第三段 “The terrain is the main reason for the heat of the Flaming Mountain.It is located at the low point of the Turpan Basin which is also the lowest point of the Chinese mainland.The height difference between it and the surrounding mountains is more than 5 000 meters,so the hot air in the basin cannot easily disperse”可知，地形是該地高溫的主要原因，地處中國大陸最低點吐魯番盆地的底部，盆地底部和附近山上海拔落差大，使得盆地底部熱氣難以散開而導致高溫。故選D。

3.C 理解具體信息。根據(jù)第六段“The shade houses are built on the slopes of barren mountains,high up and with no shelter,so as to make full use of the hot dry winds in the Turpan Basin”可知蔭房建在山坡上，沒有東西遮擋，使得它能夠利用吐魯番盆地的干熱的風來晾干葡萄。故選C。

4.D 理解主旨大意。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知本文介紹了中國西北地區(qū)火焰山及周邊的地理特征和當?shù)氐钠咸逊N植。因此本文不是science report（科學報告）、tourist brochure（旅游手冊）、public advertisement（公益廣告），而是geographical documentary（地理紀錄片文稿）。故選D。

【創(chuàng)新點描述】

本文屬于人與自然的范疇，介紹了中國火焰山地區(qū)的地理文化、風土人情，引導學生更多地了解自己的國家，透過地理看文化，讓學生對中國的多元地理特征和多元文化有更深入的了解。

【作者單位姓名】江蘇省天一中學 張潔名師工作室（張潔，趙翠翠，鄒麗麗，卞夢娜，王書珊，阮雪璠）