China’s Changing AttitudesToward Youth Sports中國青少年體育教育理念之變

艾熙麗/文　張超斌/譯

In the past， traditional ideas about the value of academic education meant that scholarly pursuits were prized for young people. Since China has a very challenging university entrance exam， teens have typically spent a great deal of their time studying for it.

過去，看重學(xué)術(shù)教育的傳統(tǒng)觀念鼓勵(lì)年輕人重視學(xué)業(yè)成績。由于中國高考難度極大，青少年一般要投入大量時(shí)間備戰(zhàn)高考。

Parents tend to strongly promote school achievement as its a major mode for improving the familys fortunes and the main way to climb the social ladder. This also led to a huge industry for extracurricular tutoring centres for students to help them improve their knowledge and performance in school subjects. As a result， there wasnt much time for sports， and they were even shunned at times as a distraction from important study time.

家長們往往大力推崇學(xué)業(yè)成績，因?yàn)檫@是改變家庭命運(yùn)的重要方式，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)階級(jí)躍遷的主要途徑。對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)成績的重視催生了一個(gè)龐大的產(chǎn)業(yè)——各類課外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)給學(xué)生補(bǔ)習(xí)學(xué)?？颇恐R(shí)，幫助他們提高各門功課的成績。因此，學(xué)生沒有多少時(shí)間進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)，而且有時(shí)他們不愿意運(yùn)動(dòng)，覺得這會(huì)占用寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間。

But some major shifts have taken place in the last few years and attitudes toward sports， especially for children and teens， have changed dramatically. How and why has this happened？

近年來，上述局面出現(xiàn)了若干重大轉(zhuǎn)變，人們對(duì)體育的態(tài)度，尤其是對(duì)青少年體育的態(tài)度，有了巨大變化。轉(zhuǎn)變是如何發(fā)生的？為什么會(huì)發(fā)生？

Policy shifts related to education and homework

教育和作業(yè)相關(guān)政策轉(zhuǎn)變

Chinas Ministry of Education implemented its Double Reduction Policy in late July 2021. The aim of the policy was to reduce the burden placed on students by large amounts of homework and after-school tutoring.

2021年7月下旬，中國教育部宣布施行“雙減”政策。這一政策旨在減輕大量作業(yè)和校外培訓(xùn)給學(xué)生造成的負(fù)擔(dān)。

Private tutoring centres， both online and offline， were strictly curtailed. Centres were no longer allowed to teach school subjects or open on weekends and school holidays. They were also only allowed to use non-profit business models and large tutoring companies were not allowed to have IPOs. Excessive exams were also banned.

線上和線下的私立培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)受到嚴(yán)格限制，不得再輔導(dǎo)學(xué)?？颇?，也不得在周末和學(xué)校放假期間開課。這類機(jī)構(gòu)只能以非營利性商業(yè)模式運(yùn)營，而且大型培訓(xùn)公司不得公開募股上市。此外，禁止過度考試。

With these changes， China has seen a major shift in attitudes toward sports， especially toward young people involved in active activities.

隨著種種變化的出現(xiàn)，中國對(duì)體育的態(tài)度也發(fā)生了重大轉(zhuǎn)變，尤其是對(duì)青少年定期參與體育活動(dòng)的態(tài)度。

An increased focus on physical education and sports

更加注重體育和運(yùn)動(dòng)

With tutoring centres closing down in the country， many have turned to become sporting centres for children. Zhou Jinyao， deputy director of the Youth Sports Department of the State Sports General Administration， mentioned that the Double Reduction Policy has provided the basic foundation for youth sports to thrive.

隨著中國的培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)紛紛關(guān)停，許多機(jī)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型為青少年體育中心。時(shí)任中國國家體育總局青少年體育司副司長周錦瑤指出，“雙減”政策為青少年體育的蓬勃發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

One example of this is the Dazhi Education Centre in Shandong. The centre had been in operation for more than 20 years but announced the opening of a sports centre and the launch of a basketball training camp right after the announcement of the Double Reduction Policy.

山東的大智教育培訓(xùn)學(xué)校就是這方面的一個(gè)例子。該機(jī)構(gòu)營業(yè)20余年，但在“雙減”政策出臺(tái)后，立即宣布大智先鋒體育開業(yè)，并啟動(dòng)籃球訓(xùn)練營項(xiàng)目。

In fact， after the announcement， all senior management teams working in the centre were made to study and make arrangements according to the new national policy requirements. Their step into the sporting direction showcased the early signals of such a transformation.

事實(shí)上，自從“雙減”政策出臺(tái)，大智的所有高層管理團(tuán)隊(duì)都按要求學(xué)習(xí)了國家新政策，并據(jù)此作出了相應(yīng)調(diào)整。大智進(jìn)軍體育行業(yè)展現(xiàn)了中國對(duì)體育態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變的早期信號(hào)。

Under the Double Reduction Policy， there are now strengthened supervision of the sports sector and improved systems and standards to guide stand-ardised and positive development， and help companies maintain quality and safety. The industry is on a healthy development track， providing a strong institutional guarantee of growth.

“雙減”政策實(shí)施后，如今對(duì)體育行業(yè)的監(jiān)管也有所加強(qiáng)，制度和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)得到完善，以指導(dǎo)規(guī)范、積極的發(fā)展，幫助體育行業(yè)的企業(yè)保證質(zhì)量和安全。體育行業(yè)走上健康發(fā)展的軌道，為發(fā)展提供了強(qiáng)勁的制度性保障。

The Ministry of Education issued the “Compulsory Education Curriculum Plan and Curriculum Standards （2022 Edition）” on the 21st of April 2022. In the plan， it is mentioned that “sports and health” classes would account for 10%—11% of total class hours， surpassing foreign languages and becoming the third major “main subject” in early and primary schooling.

2022年4月21日，中國教育部印發(fā)了《義務(wù)教育課程方案和課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（2022年版）》，其中提到“體育與健康”課要占總課時(shí)的10%—11%。這一科目因此超過外語，一躍成為幼小教育中的第三大“主科”。

The plan also proposes to make full use of after-school services for sports and exercise to promote the development of youth sports after-school training. From these moves， we can see the emphasis on childrens sports and health and the development of childrens sports and health interests from an early age.

《義務(wù)教育課程方案和課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（2022年版）》還提出，要充分利用課后體育和鍛煉服務(wù)，推動(dòng)青少年體育課后訓(xùn)練的發(fā)展。從這些舉措中，我們可以看出國家不僅重視青少年體育與健康，而且重視從小培養(yǎng)孩子對(duì)體育與健康的興趣。

A focus on big sporting events

關(guān)注大型體育賽事

With Chinas great success in previous global sporting events， there has never been a more favourable atmos-phere for youth sports consumption until now. Parents are starting to see merit in competitive sports. It turns out that academics is not the only way to bring out ones merits. And just like with tutorial centres， parents are planning to “win at the starting line”， so to speak， by signing up their children for youth sports classes.

中國在以往的國際體育賽事中取得巨大成功，營造出前所未有的良好氛圍，刺激了青少年體育消費(fèi)。家長們漸漸認(rèn)識(shí)到競(jìng)技體育的價(jià)值。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，讀書并非發(fā)揮個(gè)人長處的唯一途徑。正如許多培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)，家長們也可謂計(jì)劃著要“贏在起跑線上”，給孩子報(bào)名參加青少年體育課。

Opportunities and challenges in the youth sports sector

青少年體育行業(yè)的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)

In 2020， the penetration rate of the childrens physical fitness industry exceeded 1%， indicating that the industry is a typical low-penetration， high-growth industry， and it is in the early stage of development. The future of the industry is promising and there should be big opportunities in the youth sports arena in the next few years.

2020年，青少年體適能行業(yè)的市場(chǎng)滲透率超過1%，表明該行業(yè)是典型的低滲透、高增長行業(yè)，正處于發(fā)展初期。該行業(yè)前景廣闊，未來幾年青少年體育領(lǐng)域?qū)⒂瓉碇卮髾C(jī)遇。

With the implementation of regulatory policies， companies will need to improve their operational standards and capabil-ities to become more refined operations.

隨著各項(xiàng)監(jiān)管政策實(shí)施，企業(yè)須提高自身經(jīng)營標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和經(jīng)營能力，以實(shí)現(xiàn)更精細(xì)化的運(yùn)營。

Also， the income of youth physical fitness coaches is also expected to increase significantly from the current average of 15，000 RMB per month due to a shortage of qualified， talented in-dividuals. The qualifications for coaches involved in youth physical fitness and high school entrance examination sports will also become more regulated. Nows as good a time as any for anyone wanting to become a certified professional coach so they can get ahead in the industry.

此外，由于有資質(zhì)、有天賦的教練短缺，青少年體適能教練的收入將在目前平均月薪1.5萬元人民幣的基礎(chǔ)上大幅增長。對(duì)青少年體適能訓(xùn)練和中考體育教練資質(zhì)認(rèn)證的監(jiān)管也會(huì)更加完善。對(duì)于想要成為持證職業(yè)教練、在青少年體育行業(yè)出人頭地的人，現(xiàn)在正是大好時(shí)機(jī)。

Judging from the policies in recent years， the country attaches great import-ance to sports and health for all young people and there will be more policies and resources forthcoming as progress is made and youth fitness will increasingly be seen as an important branch of the entire sports sector.

從近些年的政策來看，中國對(duì)全體青少年的體育和健康極為重視。隨著進(jìn)展逐漸顯現(xiàn)，未來將會(huì)出臺(tái)更多政策、給予更多資源，青少年體育將日益被視作整個(gè)體育行業(yè)的重要分支。

The future of youth sports in China

中國青少年體育的未來

Before the Double Reduction Policy was introduced， 92% of Chinese parents had enrolled their children in extracurricular classes and spent more than 10，000 RMB annually.

“雙減”政策實(shí)施之前，92%的中國家長為孩子報(bào)了課外班，相關(guān)年支出超過1萬元人民幣。

Given the recent shifts and policy changes， its no wonder parents are looking into spending money on developing their childrens physical skills. The development of the sports industry， the rise of quality education， and diversified demands are giving birth to more and more sports training classes for children.

鑒于近期的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變和政策變化，無怪乎家長們要研究怎么花錢培養(yǎng)孩子的運(yùn)動(dòng)技能。體育行業(yè)的發(fā)展、素質(zhì)教育的興起，以及多樣化的需求，正在催生更多的青少年體育培訓(xùn)課程。

According to the “National Fitness Plan 2021—2025”， the sports market was to be worth 5 trillion RMB （$747.9 billion） by 2025. With the government showing full support for sports and focusing on peoples fitness， many are optimistic about the growth of youth sports in China.

《全民健身計(jì)劃（2021—2025年）》指出，到2025年，國內(nèi)體育市場(chǎng)價(jià)值將達(dá)到5萬億人民幣（合7479億美元）。中國政府全力支持體育，關(guān)注人民健康，許多人因此對(duì)中國青少年體育的發(fā)展持樂觀態(tài)度。

From a macro point of view， the current youth fitness market is still in the emerging stage， and market opportunities are huge.

從宏觀來看，當(dāng)前的青少年體育市場(chǎng)仍處于萌芽階段，市場(chǎng)機(jī)遇巨大。

（譯者為“《英語世界》杯”翻譯大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撸?/p>