主題1：閱讀理解考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)與考法預(yù)判

貴州 羅躍梅

四層考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)

考點(diǎn)1 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中分布密度最大的一種題型，它主要考查考生對(duì)相關(guān)句子進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別和理解的能力。這類題目難度較低，但數(shù)量眾多，所以做好事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題是閱讀理解拿高分的關(guān)鍵。

1.直接信息題

這類題目的答案可以從原文的某一句話中直接獲取，正確選項(xiàng)大多含有相關(guān)句子中的單詞，只是比原句更加簡(jiǎn)短緊湊。

真題鏈接

（2020·全國(guó)甲卷）Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(認(rèn)知)after controlling for differences in parents'income,education and the amount of parent talk,Levine said.

24.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?

A.Building confidence.

B.Developing spatial skills.

C.Learning self-control.

D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.

備考點(diǎn)睛

B 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)found children who...spatial skills可知，對(duì)2到4歲的孩子而言，玩拼圖游戲有助于提升他們的空間能力，B項(xiàng)直接體現(xiàn)出這句話的核心含義。

2.間接信息題

這類題目介于直接細(xì)節(jié)題和推理判斷題之間，有時(shí)也稱作信息推斷題，正確答案無法在文中直接找到。解答這類題目時(shí)，考生需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行加工處理，做出簡(jiǎn)單的推導(dǎo)，從而體會(huì)文本的言外之意。

真題鏈接

(2017·全國(guó)乙卷)A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸餾器）is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it's an excellent water collector. Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required,though,are a 5'×5'sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.

32.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?

A.It's delicate. B.It's expensive.

C.It's complex. D.It's portable.

備考點(diǎn)睛

D 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)選文的最后一句可知，這種太陽(yáng)能蒸餾器可以折疊起來，然后別在腰帶上，由此可以看出，這個(gè)裝置是“便攜式的”。盡管原文內(nèi)容只涉及這一特征的表現(xiàn)形式或?qū)崿F(xiàn)方式，并未明說它具有這一特點(diǎn)，但只要經(jīng)過簡(jiǎn)單的推理，就不難得出“這款蒸餾器便于攜帶”這一結(jié)論。

3.語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換題

這類題目的正確答案對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行了同義替換，與原文語(yǔ)句在表達(dá)上存在較大差異。解答這類題目時(shí)，考生需要進(jìn)行對(duì)比或整理才能找出正確答案。

真題鏈接

(2020·全國(guó)乙卷)Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk,which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接觸) with the ground at all times...

28.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?

A.They must run long distances.

B.They are qualified for the marathon.

C.They have to follow special rules.

D.They are good at swinging their legs.

備考點(diǎn)睛

C 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)選文的最后一句可知，參加競(jìng)走項(xiàng)目時(shí)，運(yùn)動(dòng)員的支撐腿要伸直，并且要保證一只腳始終與地面接觸。換句話說，競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員必須遵守特定的規(guī)則。正是由于這些規(guī)則的存在，我們才說當(dāng)競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員是有條件限制的。the sport's rules require與have to follow special rules雖然表述不同，但均包含“競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)的參與者必須遵守規(guī)則”這一意義。

考點(diǎn)2 推理判斷題

推理判斷題要求考生通過上下文的字面意思來推測(cè)文章隱含的意義以及對(duì)作者的寫作目的、文章出處或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、意圖等進(jìn)行正確的判斷。

解題技巧1 隱含推斷題：“一定、二讀、三對(duì)照”

一定閱讀題干，鎖定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，定位信息段落二讀三對(duì)照詳讀信息段落，領(lǐng)悟隱含意義，注意文中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣對(duì)照選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)原文信息進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推斷，勿摻雜自己的觀點(diǎn)

真題鏈接

(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it's close to all of the city's main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some.However,you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.

23.What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?

A.It gets noisy at night. B.Its staff is too talkative.

C.It charges for Wi-Fi. D.It's inconveniently located.

備考點(diǎn)睛

C 推理判斷題。解題思路如下:

一定二讀三對(duì)照鎖定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞：disadvantage、Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes根據(jù)the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes 尋讀，在文中找到信息段。根據(jù)信息段可知，該旅社離中心城市車站很近，靠近城市主要的景點(diǎn)，員工友好、樂于助人且會(huì)主動(dòng)提供城市地圖并盡可能提供建議，但需要支付2歐元/天的無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)費(fèi)比較選項(xiàng)和信息句可知，支付無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)費(fèi)應(yīng)該是該旅社的缺點(diǎn)

解題技巧2 意圖推斷題：“確定、辨別、再推斷”

確定辨別再推斷通讀全文，確定文章體裁記敘文表達(dá)情感或者闡述某個(gè)道理，應(yīng)用文推銷或者介紹某個(gè)事物，說明文展示用途或者過程，議論文論述道理或者表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)根據(jù)文章或段落主旨推斷作者的寫作目的和意圖

真題鏈接

(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year.But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.

At the beginning of the year,the artist built a piece called“Strawpocalypse,”a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam.

Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(來源)of plastic pollution,but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and,because of their small size and weight,they cannot be recycled.Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.Once the drink is gone,the straw will take centuries to disappear.

29.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?

A.To show the difficulty of their recycling.

B.To explain why they are useful.

C.To voice his views on modern art.

D.To find a substitute for them.

備考點(diǎn)睛

A 推理判斷題。解題思路如下:

確定辨別再推斷通讀文章，可以確定文章的體裁是說明文。文章介紹了藝術(shù)家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一件藝術(shù)作品，讓觀看者通過這件藝術(shù)作品重新審視他們與一次性塑料制品的關(guān)系根據(jù)第3段的內(nèi)容可知，全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管絕不是最大的塑料污染源，但它們最近卻受到了抨擊，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人不需要吸管喝飲料，而且由于它們體積小、重量輕，無法被回收利用。Von Wong的作品中的每一根吸管都很可能只用來喝了幾分鐘的飲料。一旦飲料被喝完，使用后的吸管將需要幾個(gè)世紀(jì)才能消失吸管體積小、重量輕，很難被回收利用。由此可推知，作者在第3 段討論吸管是為了展示回收它們的困難

解題技巧3 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題：“找關(guān)鍵、定語(yǔ)段、巧比對(duì)”

找關(guān)鍵閱讀題干，找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞速讀文章，尋找作者對(duì)某事物所持觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的語(yǔ)段定語(yǔ)段體會(huì)字里行間流露的情感，與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比對(duì)，確定觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度巧比對(duì)

真題鏈接

(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.

34.What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?

A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.

備考點(diǎn)睛

A 推理判斷題。解題思路如下:

找關(guān)鍵定語(yǔ)段找出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞：author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞，定位信息段。根據(jù)信息段中的“Although popular beliefs...social well-being.”可知，宣傳的總體效果一直是利大于弊巧比對(duì)比較信息句中體現(xiàn)作者態(tài)度的詞。由more beneficial than harmful、The most positive aspect及has helped可知，作者對(duì)“情商普及”的態(tài)度是贊成的

解題技巧4 文章出處題：“察主題、析措辭、定出處”

察主題析措辭定出處根據(jù)文章的主題進(jìn)行判斷，如介紹某產(chǎn)品性能的文章可能來自廣告，介紹某人生平事跡的文章可能來自傳記根據(jù)文章的關(guān)鍵信息或形式進(jìn)行判斷，如含有experiment、research 等詞的文章可能來自科學(xué)報(bào)告或研究論文；小標(biāo)題中含有admission、fee、bus、route等詞的文章可能來自旅行指南根據(jù)文章的主題和措辭推斷文章選自何處

真題鏈接

(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)A Take a view, the Landscape (風(fēng)景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.

Mike Shepherd(2011)Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria,England It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the blackand-white image(圖像).Timothy Smith(2014)Macclesfield Forest Cheshire,England I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe,a local high point,I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.

3.Where can the text be found?

A.In a history book. B.In a novel.

C.In an art magazine. D.In a biography.

備考點(diǎn)睛

C 推理判斷題。解題思路如下:

察主題析措辭定出處本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了攝影比賽Take a view及其相關(guān)情況根據(jù)第1 段中的“Each year, the high...and beyond.”可知，每年參賽作品的高水準(zhǔn)表明，該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)是展示英國(guó)風(fēng)景的最佳攝影作品的完美平臺(tái)。對(duì)于英國(guó)和世界各地的攝影師來說，Take a view是一項(xiàng)令人向往的年度競(jìng)賽結(jié)合下文對(duì)兩位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呒捌渥髌返慕榻B可知，這篇文章主要介紹了攝影比賽_________Take a view及其相關(guān)情況，最可能出現(xiàn)在一本藝術(shù)雜志上

考點(diǎn)3 詞義推斷題

詞義推斷題要求考生能辨識(shí)句子及語(yǔ)篇中詞（單詞、詞組或固定搭配）的意義或指代關(guān)系，能夠通過上下文判斷詞在特定語(yǔ)境中的具體含義。

詞義推斷題常見的命題方式有：

1.What does the underlined word“...”in paragraph...refer to(mean)?

2.By saying that“...”in paragraph...,what does the author mean?

3.Which word can best replace the underlined word“...”in paragraph...?

4.What is the meaning of“...”in paragraph...related to?

5.Which of the following has the closest meaning to...(in paragraph...)?

6.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph...probably mean?

解題技巧1 替換法

利用同義詞、近義詞（詞組）或相似的結(jié)構(gòu)猜測(cè)詞義。在上下文中，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)與生詞同義或近義的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)，這時(shí)考生可根據(jù)熟悉的詞推知生詞的含義。如果單詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞and 或or，這些單詞或短語(yǔ)在句中通常作相同的成分，并且and或or連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上一般是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可確定同等關(guān)系中的某個(gè)生詞所屬的義域，甚至推出它的大致詞義。

真題鏈接

(2020·浙江卷)The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington,generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9：30 am,the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds.By 9：33 am,a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9：37 am could push it down to 135.Just like the traffic itself,the timing of the signals changes.

That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US:intersection (十字路口)signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.

25.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 2 refer to?

A.Increased length of green lights. B.Shortened traffic signal cycle.

C.Flexible timing of traffic signals. D.Smooth traffic flow on the road.

備考點(diǎn)睛

C 詞義推斷題。that位于第2段段首，應(yīng)是指代第1段的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第1段的內(nèi)容尤其是第1 段的最后一句“Just like the traffic itself,the timing of the signals changes.”（就像交通本身一樣，信號(hào)燈的時(shí)間也會(huì)變化）可知，第1段主要講述的是信號(hào)燈的時(shí)間會(huì)靈活變化?！癟hat is by design.”意為“那是有意為之”，由此可推知，that指代第1段中的“信號(hào)燈的時(shí)間會(huì)靈活變化”。

解題技巧2 對(duì)比法

利用文中的反義詞以及表對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞（組）猜測(cè)詞義。對(duì)比是描述、說明事物的常用方式。對(duì)比的事物是互為相反的，因此根據(jù)反義或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系可從已知推出未知。

表示對(duì)比的信號(hào)詞有yet、but、while、though、however、otherwise、on the one hand...on the other hand、for one thing...for another thing、instead of等。

真題鏈接

(2020·山東卷)According to a recent study in theJournal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份),it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.

13.What does the underlined word“beanpoles”in paragraph 1 refer to?

A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons.

C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons.

備考點(diǎn)睛

D 詞義推斷題。根據(jù)And contrary to...large portions 可知，現(xiàn)有的研究認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該避免和體重較重、點(diǎn)大份飯菜的人一起吃飯。后半句指出我們真正應(yīng)該避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to 可推斷出，畫線詞和heavier people(較重的人)意義相反，D選項(xiàng)(瘦瘦高高的人)正好和heavier people意義相反。

解題技巧3 語(yǔ)境推斷法

利用上下文提供的語(yǔ)境和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析，進(jìn)而推測(cè)詞義，是閱讀理解的考查重點(diǎn)之一，也是近年來高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。

真題鏈接

(2020·全國(guó)甲卷)The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades,but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.

Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.

30.What does the underlined word“collapsed”in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A.Boomed. B.Became mature.

C.Remained stable. D.Crashed.

備考點(diǎn)睛

D 詞義推斷題。根據(jù)文中的“The fur trade...like crazy.”可知，毛皮貿(mào)易使海貍鼠的數(shù)量受到了控制，但是當(dāng)20 世紀(jì)80 年代末海貍鼠毛皮市場(chǎng)崩潰時(shí)，這種動(dòng)物的數(shù)量迅速增加。根據(jù)but判斷，這是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，以前由于毛皮貿(mào)易，海貍鼠的數(shù)量處于控制之中，現(xiàn)在海貍鼠之所以數(shù)量激增，是因?yàn)槭袌?chǎng)不再銷售海貍鼠毛皮，由此可以推斷出畫線詞collapsed 和D項(xiàng)crashed(倒閉)的意思最相近。

四翼考法預(yù)判

閱讀理解是高考英語(yǔ)試卷中分值最高的題型，每年均有一定的針對(duì)高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題命題的創(chuàng)新方法出現(xiàn)。針對(duì)高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型，主要的命題創(chuàng)新方法有三種。

創(chuàng)新路徑1 精選素材，豐富語(yǔ)篇類型

自2014 年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷使用語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空代替單項(xiàng)選擇題以來，語(yǔ)篇測(cè)試成為高考命題人呈現(xiàn)命題素材的重要手段。命題人使用不同類型、不同篇章模式的語(yǔ)篇，靈活考查考生的學(xué)科素養(yǎng)。在同一類型語(yǔ)篇的使用上，命題人則通過選取結(jié)構(gòu)不同的語(yǔ)篇考查考生的語(yǔ)言能力。

真題鏈接

(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.

His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book,Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.

This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan,made of friendliness and warmth,but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬禮) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.

Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan,seen from Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book,or even a piece of reportage.Whatever it is,the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.

8.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?

A.His friends'invitation. B.His interest in the country.

C.His love for teaching. D.His desire to regain health.

9.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 2 refer to?

A.Developing a serious mental disease.

B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.

C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.

D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.

10.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?

A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.

11.What is the purpose of this text?

A.To introduce a book. B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.

C.To remember a writer. D.To recommend a travel destination.

備考點(diǎn)睛

本文是一篇書評(píng)。第8～11題的難度系數(shù)分別為0.62、0.58、0.56、0.46，其中，第11題的得分情況較差。很多考生不知道本文是一篇書評(píng)，這與平時(shí)缺少書評(píng)相關(guān)的閱讀和不了解書評(píng)的文體特征密不可分。書評(píng)的寫作一般包括創(chuàng)作背景、內(nèi)容介紹、作品主題、寫作風(fēng)格，以及讀者對(duì)作品的評(píng)價(jià)等。在閱讀過程中，考生應(yīng)抓住書評(píng)的文章結(jié)構(gòu)，迅速梳理文章的語(yǔ)篇大意。

答案：BDBA

真題鏈接

（2022·全國(guó)甲卷）Sometime in the early 1960s,a significant thing happened in Sydney,Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population.But it is the harbor that makes the city.

Andrew Reynolds,a cheerful fellow in his early 30s,pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living.I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went out separate ways—he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.

“I'll miss these old boats,”he said as we parted.

“How do you mean?”I asked.

“Oh,they're replacing them with catamarans.Catamarans are faster,but they're not so elegant,and they're not fun to pilot.But that's progress,I guess.”

Everywhere in Sydney these days,change and progress are the watchwords(口號(hào))，and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.“Sydney is confused about itself,”she said.“We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.It's a conflict that we aren't getting any better at resolving(解決).”

On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.“Many people say that we lack culture in this country,”he told me.“What people forget is that the Italians,when they came to Australia, brought 2,000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3,000 years, and the Chinese more still. We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country.It's a pretty hard combination to beat.”

He is right,but I can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries.

32.What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A.Sydney's striking architecture.

B.The cultural diversity of Sydney.

C.The key to Sydney's development.

D.Sydney's tourist attractions in the 1960s.

33.What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?

A.He goes to work by boat. B.He looks forward to a new life.

C.He pilots catamarans well. D.He is attached to the old ferries.

34.What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?

A.It is losing its traditions. B.It should speed up its progress.

C.It should expand its population. D.It is becoming more international.

35.Which statement will the author probably agree with?

A.A city can be young and old at the same time.

B.A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.

C.Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.

D.Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.

備考點(diǎn)睛

本文是一篇時(shí)文閱讀，主題語(yǔ)境為人與社會(huì)。文章以悉尼的發(fā)展為例，探討了保留傳統(tǒng)與追求現(xiàn)代化之間的關(guān)系。

與平時(shí)常見的科技發(fā)展類說明文、科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)類說明文以及事物介紹類或事理解說類說明文不同，文章以悉尼的變遷為視角，概述了港口對(duì)悉尼的意義和人們對(duì)城市變化的感受和評(píng)價(jià)，表達(dá)了不同群體對(duì)城市在保留傳統(tǒng)與追求現(xiàn)代化方面所持有的不同觀點(diǎn)。在表達(dá)方式上，文章融敘述、說明、議論、抒情等方式為一體，增加了閱讀的難度。

本文的語(yǔ)篇類型較為模糊。在高考中，閱讀理解的語(yǔ)篇類型呈現(xiàn)出愈加模糊化的趨勢(shì)。對(duì)此，考生應(yīng)給予足夠的關(guān)注。

答案：CDAA

在備考過程中，考生應(yīng)熟悉不同類型的語(yǔ)篇，不斷積累更多的語(yǔ)篇知識(shí)，使用不同的策略解答不同類型的語(yǔ)篇，從而能夠從容應(yīng)對(duì)不同類型的語(yǔ)篇。

高考對(duì)“語(yǔ)篇知識(shí)”的考查范圍

創(chuàng)新路徑2 五育融合，增加試題元素

2020 年3 月，中共中央、國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)布《關(guān)于全面加強(qiáng)新時(shí)代大中小學(xué)勞動(dòng)教育的意見》。2020 年10 月，中共中央辦公廳、國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)《關(guān)于全面加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)新時(shí)代學(xué)校體育工作的意見》和《關(guān)于全面加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)新時(shí)代學(xué)校美育工作的意見》。這些文件明確界定了學(xué)校勞育、體育和美育在整個(gè)教育乃至每一個(gè)人的成長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展中的意義和價(jià)值，并將三者作為綜合素質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)體系的一部分。

真題鏈接

（2021·全國(guó)甲卷）When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow,London on a gray January morning.Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.Until I made a discovery.

Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding,where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (橫桿), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting:“Safe! Safe! Safe!”And that's what mattered—landing tricks,being a good skater.

When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming.Within a couple of years,I'd given it up.

When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank,spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring.The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving(穿梭) among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager,in a baggy white T-shirt,skidded (滑)up to the beam.He sat next to me.He seemed not to notice the man next to him.But soon I caught a few of his glances.“I was a local here 20 years ago,”I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head.“Safe, man.Safe.”

“Yeah,”I said.“Safe.”8.What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?

A.He felt disappointed.

B.He gave up his hobby.

C.He liked the weather there.

D.He had disagreements with his family.

9.What do the underlined words“Safe!Safe!Safe!”probably mean?

A.Be careful! B.Well done!

C.No way! D.Don't worry!

10.Why did the author like to spen d time in Southbank when he returned to London?

A.To join the skateboarding. B.To make new friends.

C.To learn more tricks. D.To relive his childhood days.

11.What message does the author seem to convey in the text?

A.Children should learn a second language.

B.Sport is necessary for children's health.

C.Children need a sense of belonging.

D.Seeing the world is a must for children.

備考點(diǎn)睛

本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了作者幼時(shí)搬家后玩滑板的故事。文章以“體育”為視角反映了體育帶來的力量。

答案：ABDC

真題鏈接

（2021·新高考I 卷）By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner.“I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”

Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.

“A lot of skills are needed for the job.You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot,”Mr Titterton explained.

Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key,and each pianist has their own style of“nodding”to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.

But like all performances,there are moments when things go wrong.“I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,”Mr Titterton said.“Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”

Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.

“My husband is the worst page turner,”she laughed.“He's interested in the music,feeling every note,and I have to say:‘Turn,turn!’Robert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life.

24.What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?

A.Read music. B.Play the piano.

C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments.

25.Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage?

A.Boring. B.Well-paid.

C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.

26.What does Titterton need to practise?

A.Counting the pages. B.Recognizing the“nodding”.

C.Catching falling objects. D.Performing in his own style.

27.Why is Ms Raspopova's husband“the worst page turner”?

A.He has very poor eyesight. B.He ignores the audience.

C.He has no interest in music. D.He forgets to do his job.

備考點(diǎn)睛

本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了律師Robert Titterton利用閑暇時(shí)間，擔(dān)當(dāng)舞臺(tái)上的鋼琴師的樂譜翻頁(yè)者的故事。本文反映了樂譜翻頁(yè)者必須具備的職業(yè)素養(yǎng)。文章涉及了音樂與職業(yè)這兩個(gè)主題的元素，主題較為新穎、有趣。

答案：ACBD

創(chuàng)新路徑3 文化滲透，凸顯文化意識(shí)

高考英語(yǔ)試題滲透中外文化知識(shí)，助力文化品格培養(yǎng)，通過選取與文化有關(guān)的背景材料，弘揚(yáng)中華優(yōu)秀文化，體現(xiàn)中華民族的智慧和文明對(duì)亞洲乃至世界的廣泛影響，促使學(xué)生養(yǎng)成中國(guó)情懷，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的國(guó)際視野。

真題鏈接

(2020·全國(guó)乙卷)Returning to a book you've read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There's a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don't change, people do.And that's what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.

The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It's true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it's all about the present. It's about the now and what one contributes to the now,because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.

There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring,is Ernest Hemingway'sA Moveable Feast.Published in 1964,it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.Another is Annie Dillard'sHoly the Firm,her poetic 1975 ramble (隨筆) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortázar'sSave Twilight:Selected Poems,because poetry.And because Cortázar.

While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it's you that have to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.

24.Why does the author like rereading?

A.It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.

B.It's a window to a whole new world.

C.It's a substitute for drinking with a friend.

D.It extends the understanding of oneself.

25.What do we know about the bookA Moveable Feast?

A.It's a brief account of a trip.

B.It's about Hemingway's life as a young man.

C.It's a record of a historic event.

D.It's about Hemingway's friends in Paris.

26.What does the underlined word“currency”in paragraph 4 refer to?

A.Debt. B.Reward.

C.Allowance. D.Face value.

27.What can we infer about the author from the text?

A.He loves poetry. B.He's an editor.

C.He's very ambitious. D.He teaches reading.

備考點(diǎn)睛

本文是一篇隨筆。文章通過介紹作者每年重讀三本書的經(jīng)歷來揭示重讀的意義。文章涉及歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威、安妮·迪拉德、胡利奧·科塔薩爾三位作家及他們的作品——《流動(dòng)的盛宴》《神圣的堅(jiān)實(shí)》《拯救黎明:詩(shī)選》?？忌绻邢嚓P(guān)的背景知識(shí)積累，就能更加自信地解答這篇閱讀理解的問題。因此，考生平時(shí)要注意積累文化背景知識(shí)。

答案：DBBA

一核考題預(yù)演

見P63～P71學(xué)習(xí)妙測(cè)“2023年高考熱點(diǎn)命題1：閱讀理解”對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容。