主題二 科學與科學家

本刊試題研究中心

Ⅰ.閱讀理解

A robot created at Stanford University is diving down to shipwrecks (沉船) in a way that humans can't do.Known as OceanOneK, the robot allows its operators to feel like they're underwater explorers,too.

OceanOneK resembles (像) a human diver from the front, with arms, hands and eyes that capture the underwater world in full color.The back of the robot has computers and eight multidirectional thrusters (推進器) that help it carefully explore the sites of fragile shipwrecks.When an operator at the ocean's surface uses controls to direct OceanOneK,the robot's touch-based feedback system causes the person to feel the water's resistance.

The idea for OceanOneK came from a desire to study coral reefs in the Red Sea at depths beyond the normal range for divers.While OceanOneK was designed to reach maximum depth of 656 feet, researchers had a new goal—1 kilometer, hence the new name for OceanOneK.The researchers changed the robot's body by using special foam to increase buoyancy (浮力) and fight the pressure of 1000 meters more than 100 times what humans experience at sea level.OceanOneK also got two new types of hands and increased arm and head motion.

During OceanOneK's deep dive in February, team members discovered the robot couldn't rise when they stopped for a thruster check.Flotations on the communications and power line had collapsed,causing the line to pile on the top of the robot.

OceanOneK's descent was a success.It dropped off a memorial marker on the seabed that reads,“The robot's first touch of the deep seafloor—a vast new world for humans to explore.”Khatib,a professor,called the experience an“incredible journey”.“This is the first time that a robot has been capable of going to such a depth, interacting with the environment,and permitting the human operator to feel that environment,”he said.

1.What can we learn about OceanOneK?

A.Its eyes are colorful.

B.It functions automatically.

C.It looks like its operator from the front.

D.It is remotely controlled to explore underwater.

2.How does the author develop paragraph 3?

A.By listing data.

B.By raising questions.

C.By reasoning and analyzing.

D.By presenting an argument.

3.What does the underlined word“descent”mean in the last paragraph?

A.Successful operation.

B.Deep diving.

C.Pressure resistance.

D.Flexible exploration.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.A creative explorer

B.The ambitious exploration

C.A self-driven seeker—a robot

D.A deep-sea explorer—OceanOneK

Ⅱ.補全信息

Autistic (孤 獨 癥 的) children are also known as“children of the stars”.They may have difficulties communicating with other people.__1__By combining music with mobile technology,three students from Shanghai Jiao Tong University have tried to help them with an app called Starrypia.

Tan Yilan, Zhang Junwei and Cai Yu spent five months building their AR-gamified therapy app for children with autism.Children use the app to scan things around them.__2__Then they rearrange the parts to create songs.The songs would be recorded in their music diaries.

“This is actually a kind of music therapy.__3__The process also trains their abilities,”said Tan.The app encourages children to scan and identify dolls,animals and plants.They even designed different levels,guiding users from their surroundings to nature.

According to the app's developers, traditional music therapy is usually taken in hospitals.__4__But Starrypia makes the process more like a game.Besides, it can be used anytime and anywhere,making the therapy lighter and easier.

Starrypia will soon come out on the APP Store.__5__They will return the income to their families.When they tested the app on autistic children, they got good responses, not only in professional terms but also on the children's faces.“I saw their smiles as they played with Starrypia,making everything worth it,”said Tan.

A.They are combining music with mobile technology.

B.Autistic children can better express themselves by it.

C.And they get parts of music as well as cartoon images.

D.The developers are also preparing to sell the music works.

E.The music therapy app is becoming more and more popular.

F.However,music can open their hearts as a kind of artistic language.

G.Autistic children sit in front of computers learning some music courses.

Ⅲ.完形填空

Ada Lovelace was the daughter of a romantic poet, Lord Byron.She earned her place in history as the first computer__1__—a full century before today's computers__2__.And she became an idol(偶像)for women in__3__industry today.She couldn't have done it without British mathematician Charles Babbage.Their__4__started in the early 1830s.Babbage had__5__plans for a detailed and complicated machine he called the Difference Engine—actually,a giant mechanical calculator.

In the middle of his work on it, Ada__6__Babbage at a party.It was mathematical__7__at first sight.The two struck up a working relationship and eventually close friendship that would__8__until Ada's death.Babbage used his Difference Engine to brainstorm a new Analytical Engine.He then__9__an incomplete prototype (雛形) of this machine.Ada saw that engine's true__10__.The Analytical Engine was more than a calculator.When the user__11__his/her commands, the engine could__12__nearly any mathematical task ordered.Ada even wrote instructions for__13__a complicated math problem.Many historians would later consider those as the first computer program and Ada as the first programmer.The second Tuesday in October has become Ada Lovelace Day,on which the__14__of women to science,technology,engineering,and mathematics are__15__.

1.A.tutor B.saleswoman C.programmer D.accountant

2.A.broke down B.came out C.died out D.went up

3.A.computer B.tourist C.vehicle D.agriculture

4.A.settlement B.conflict C.argument D.cooperation

5.A.shut down B.slowed down C.followed up D.drawn up

6.A.inquired B.met C.criticized D.accepted

7.A.love B.calculation C.function D.addiction

8.A.form B.last C.matter D.count

9.A.bought B.restored C.represented D.showed

10.A.context B.potential C.bonus D.damage

11.A.obeyed B.stopped C.needed D.sent

12.A.perform B.input C.quit D.study

13.A.discovering B.creating C.solving D.raising

14.A.beauty B.humor C.contribution D.secret

15.A.honored B.postponed C.integrated D.adopted

Ⅳ.語法填空

The word“robot”1.________(create) in 1920 by the Czech playwright Katel Capek.For most of their history, however, robots have been mechanical devices sitting out of sight in factories.

Things are starting to change,however.Robots have benefited 2.________rapid innovations in smartphones,3.________bring cheap cameras and sensors (傳感器),fast wireless communications and powerful and smaller computer chips (芯片).Some more recent 4.________(improve)in machines have added software to make robots better 5.________(inform) about their surroundings and equipped them with wiser devices.Robots are leaving carefully industrial settings for everyday life and, in the coming years, will increasingly work in supermarkets,clinics,social care and much more.

And yet many people fear that robots will destroy jobs.6.________paper in 2013 by economists at Oxford University was 7.________(wide) misinterpreted.In fact, concerns about mass unemployment 8.________(be) overblown.For example, checkout staff who are educated to help customers pick items from aisles (走廊) may well find that dealing with people in need is more 9.________(reward) than spending all day swiping barcodes in front of lasers.As jobs change, workers should be helped to acquire new 10.________(skill), including how to work with and manage robots that will increasingly be their colleagues.

Ⅴ.書面表達

今天上午，你校全體學生到市科技博物館參觀了國家科技成果展覽會。請寫一篇英文報道，發(fā)給校英語報。

寫作要點：

1.展覽會簡介；

2.參觀感想。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

Ⅵ.讀后續(xù)寫

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Every night as the whole family fell asleep, Catalina would slide from home to the Cerro Tololo observatory (天文臺).Papa was the mechanic (機械修理工) of the observatory,but during the day Papa would not allow her to get closer to the telescopes there.Only at night,Catalina was allowed in with the permission of the night staff.

Catalina loved helping to service the grand telescopes, the eyes that looked out into the universe.She wanted badly to be an astronomer someday.Adults never took her dream seriously.Even her father laughed,“Maybe you'll be hired to clean the offices.”

One day in the library, Catalina was reading a plant journal when she stopped at the picture of an unusual white flower.“It's called wild carrot.”A Spanish astronomer, whom she saw several times in the observatory, stood behind her.“Pretty, isn't it? I've always liked that flower,because it looks like a galaxy.”

“A spiral galaxy (漩渦星系),”she whispered.Blond eyebrows climbed the scientist's forehead.“Indeed.And what is your name,young lady?”he asked.

“I'm Catalina Solis.”

“Eduardo Solis's daughter?The mechanic?”

“Yes.”She gave a look at him.“I want to be an astronomer when I grow up.”

He laughed kindly, no longer meeting her eyes, and patted her on the shoulder.“Yes,of course,my dear.Work hard in school,and it could happen.”

One evening, Catalina eyescanned the top of the observatory as usual.Suddenly she noticed the angle of the one-meter telescope was unusual.The telescope was pointed down,lower than she had ever seen.Catalina learned from Papa how dangerous it would be.If left like it was, the telescope would move past its limit and be damaged.So without hesitation,she got inside the observatory.

注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右。

Paragraph 1:

She saw the Spanish astronomer buried in work there.___________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

The astronomer's words meant a lot to her.____________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________