Construction of Three-in-one Industry and Cultural Inheritance of Musical Instruments of Li People in Hainan from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

Jianjian HE, Wenhao JIAN, Pingping WENG, Jiangtao LIANG, Mengyi XIONG

Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330224, China

Abstract From the perspective of industrial integration, how the musical instruments of Li people in Hainan can solve the current development problems such as lack of endogenous power and market enthusiasm under the strategy of rural revitalization to walk out a unique road of three-in-one industry construction was studied.

Key words Instrumental music culture of Li people, Rural revitalization, Industrial integration

1 Introduction

With the official proposal of the rural revitalization strategy in the report of the 19thNational Congress of the Communist Party of China, how to develop rural industries has become the focus of rural work. Hainan has a long history. After the long-term labor accumulation and cultural precipitation of the local Li people, the splendid Hainan Li instrumental music culture has developed, which vividly and concretely demonstrates the cultural creativity and rich spiritual world of the local Li people. How to rely on the unique local Li instrumental music culture to scientifically and orderly promote the revitalization of local rural industries, talents, culture, ecology and organizations has become an important decision-making direction for the local government to further promote rural revitalization.

At present, many scholars have carried out research on the instrumental music culture of Li people in Hainan, mainly focusing on protection and inheritance, industrial development, and music education. Wang Ruijunetal.[1]pointed out that bamboo and wood instrumental music of Li people is an important part of China’s music culture. It is our responsibility to protect and inherit the instrumental music culture of Li people and let it bloom forever in the long river of music. In order to give the Li instrumental music culture a new development prospect, it is particularly important to promote its industrialization, and it is necessary to develop tourism cultural products that can not only show the characteristics of the instrumental music culture of Li people, but also meet the needs of modern tourism. At the same time, entering the classroom is also an important way to protect and inherit the instrumental music culture of Li people.

Through the development of the instrumental music culture of Li people in Hainan in respects of tourism, education,etc., it is necessary to effectively utilize the local Li cultural elements, improve the utilization efficiency of the unique advantages of the Li instrumental music cultural resources, and promote the further integration of the Li cultural industry with culture, tourism and education in Hainan. In this paper, the protection and development status of the instrumental music culture of Li people in Sanya, Hainan were investigated, and a "three-in-one" industrial development model was established to promote the economic construction and development of Li people minority areas in Hainan and improve the level of social harmonious development.

2 An overview of musical instruments of Li people in Hainan

The traditional bamboo and wood musical instruments of Li people in Hainan have been successfully included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage catalogues, and originated and developed in the thousands of years of labor and life of Li people. The bamboo and wood musical instruments of Li people have a long history and rich cultural connotations. The earliest record of bamboo and wood musical instruments of Li people appeared in theTaipingHuanyuJiof the Song Dynasty. A single-log drum is the earliest bamboo and wood musical instrument of Li people. According to the ancient songs of Li people, in ancient times, a big tree was knocked down by lightning, and the caused fire burned a hole in the heart of the tree and many wild animals to death. The ancestors of Li people transmitted information by tapping the tree hole with an object and called on the people to hunt. Later, the ancestors of Li people covered the hole with animal skins and made a single-log drum, which was used as a major musical instrument in large-scale activities such as sacrifices and gatherings of Li people.

So far, there are more than 40 kinds of musical instruments of Li people, which are originally inherited or later improved. Among them, the more famous ones are called the eight major musical instruments of Li people, including single-log drum, Dingdong, oral arch, Lilie, Huada, Houbai, nose flute, and Zhuoba. The musical instruments of Li people are made of bamboo and animal skins, with simple production process, unique national characteristics and a strong atmosphere of primitive society, and show the spirit of Li people advocating nature, loving life and longing for freedom.

The bamboo and wood musical instruments of Li people are simple and unsophisticated, and most of the songs they play are single-piece structures. Based on a basic tune, the rhythm of the music can be changed and played repeatedly at the speed of the tune, thereby strengthening people’s impression of performance. In the scale mode, most of them are Zheng mode and Gong mode based on the pentatonic scale. The tune is mainly based on the repetition of the pentatonic scale and the easy second scale. The melody is stable, and the rhythm and meter are relatively neat.

The bamboo and wood musical instruments of Li people have strong original musical characteristics. The performance process integrates the history, culture, and folk customs of Li people, and deeply integrates the traditional culture and aesthetic awareness of Li people, which has a high artistic value. The traditional music originated from nature, formed in the primitive life practice of the ancestors of Li people, and continued to evolve and develop in the inheritance of thousands of years later, showing the unique customs of Li people. For example, "Shaozhongwa Tune", "Weigeluo Tune", "Luoni Tune" and other bionic and characteristic Li folk songs full of national flavor are all performed with bamboo and wood instruments, showing the real scenes of Li people’s festivals and labor. Playing these folk songs by bamboo and wood instruments realizes the perfect fusion of singing and dancing instruments.

3 Current development situation and predicament of musical instruments of Li people

The bamboo and wood musical instruments of Li people are the crystallization of the wisdom of Li people’s long-term labor and life, and a necessity for Li people to express their emotions in their daily life. They play an important role in the cultural ecosystem of Li people, and are also an important part of traditional Chinese musical instruments. Nowadays, the development of musical instruments of Li people is facing a severe test. The reasons are as follows.

3.1 Impact of modernizationThe development of rural urbanization has destroyed the cultural and ecological environment on which the traditional music of Li people depends. The traditional musical instruments of Li people are an important medium for Li people to convey their joys and sorrows, and are mostly used in daily life scenes such as production labor, field farming, weddings, funerals, and marriages. However, under the tide of urbanization development in local villages, the land space on which Li farmers depend for survival has been continuously compressed, and a large number of rural populations have become citizens. The mechanization and intelligence of agriculture and handicrafts have brought about the survival dilemma of the traditional musical instruments of Li people. They have become incompatible with the modern production and lifestyle, and gradually declines.

3.2 Lack of attentionWith the popularization of education, Putonghua has been promoted. In contrast, the communication function of Li language has been weakened, and the scope of promotion has gradually narrowed, gradually becoming marginalized. At the same time, the diversified development of culture has subtly changed the traditional concepts of local people. More and more young people of Li people pursue foreign pop music, and learn and appreciate trendy Western musical instruments, while ignoring the study and inheritance of the local Li music. Li music gradually disappeared in the life of the younger generation.

The modernization of life makes the traditional musical instruments of Li people lose their important position in the hearts of Li people. The number of audience groups is undoubtedly the main factor affecting the rise and fall of a musical instrument. Because of its strong national character, more traditional musical instruments of Li people are niche musical instruments, and the audience group is also limited to Li people. The younger generation has gradually lost their attention to the traditional musical instruments of Li people, and now only some local middle-aged and elderly people are still using them.

3.3 No successorWith the continuous development of society, the loss of the local Li culture in Hainan has become increasingly serious, and the cultural heritage is facing a crisis of rupture. The traditional musical instruments of Li people are made of abundant local bamboo, wood and animal skins, and the production process is not complicated. As the younger generation is unwilling to learn the craftsmanship of making bamboo and wood musical instruments of Li people and the number of craftsmen of the older generation continues to decrease, many excellent musical instrument making craftsmanship is in danger of being lost. Similarly, the way of playing the traditional musical instruments of Li people is gradually lost. Squeezed by foreign popular music, the traditional musical instruments of Li people are declining day by day, and the folk musicians are even more absent. At present, there are still sporadic bamboo and wood instruments playing in Wuzhishan, Baoting and other areas.

3.4 Insufficient innovationThe modernization and renewal of the traditional musical instruments of Li people are not enough, and they are out of step with the times. At present, most of the inheritors of musical instruments of Li people at the provincial and national levels are the older generation of craftsmen and musicians. They lack innovative thinking in the new era and have limited research capabilities, making it difficult to achieve a high degree of integration between the traditional musical instruments of Li people and modern technological means. The traditional musical instruments of Li people are ancient and complicated, and the style of traditional repertoire lacks innovation. They cannot adapt to and meet the aesthetic habits of contemporary people, so it is difficult to gain the favor of more learners and audiences, and its inheritance faces great obstacles.

4 Inheritance and protection measures of musical instruments of Li people in Hainan

The bamboo and wood musical instruments of Li people in Hainan have a very tropical ethnic style, which is of great significance to Hainan’s strategic policy of building an international tourist island. The protection and inheritance of bamboo and wood musical instruments of Li people in Hainan is not simply to put them in museums for viewing, but also to integrate new elements with modern means to make them continuously innovate on the basis of protecting their unique nationality, so as to achieve the real integration with modern social life, let more people feel the unique charm of musical instruments of Li people.

4.1 Improving the musical instruments and music of Li peopleThe production of musical instruments of Li people is very personal, and they are mostly handmade by folk artists. Their size and length vary from person to person, and the timbre, range and scale are different. There are problems such as low craftsmanship, narrow range and low scale. In order to realize the modernization development of musical instruments of Li people, it is urgently necessary to explore and discuss the production principles of traditional musical instruments with various parties on the basis of preserving their national characteristics, so as to create a new type of musical instruments of Li people that have high standard, wide range, many scales and good performance effect, and are full of variability, performance and appreciation. Relevant experts and artists should also unify the production standards of musical instruments and form production specifications, which not only helps to ensure the quality of musical instruments, but also facilitates the realization of standardized mass production.

The music of Li people is generally monotonous and straightforward, and lacks changes due to the limitations of traditional musical instruments. An expert group was established to carry out rescue work such as collecting and sorting out the scattered folk, lost and endangered traditional music of Li people. On this basis, combined with the improved musical instruments, the traditional music was re-created to make it more artistic and more in line with the aesthetic taste of modern people. At the same time, it is necessary to actively innovate on the basis of inheritance, not only to highly retain its own cultural color of Li people, but also to fully absorb and learn from the excellent achievements of other cultures, achieve creative transformation and innovative development, and continuously create excellent musical works.

4.2 Facing the market development to build the industry chain of musical instruments of Li peopleThe local government should actively implement relevant national policies, vigorously promote the musical instruments of Li people to face the market, and build an industrial chain of musical instruments of Li people. First of all, it is necessary to cooperate with local related companies in Hainan to meet the demand for raw materials. Although the production of musical instruments of Li people is mainly made of ordinary bamboo and wood, it is also inseparable from some local special materials in Hainan. For example, the production of musical instruments such as Yehu and Yewu must use coconut shells. Secondly, it is necessary to cooperate with domestic professional musical instrument production companies to achieve mass production. Specialized production can improve the quality of brackets, reeds, strings and other accessories of bamboo and wood musical instruments, thereby improving the sound quality of the musical instruments. At the same time, the musical instruments can be polished, colored, painted, and packaged to make it more artistic and ornamental. By making up for the shortage of hand-made by traditional artists, it is possible to realize the possibility of standardized mass production. Finally, it is necessary to cooperate with handicraft companies to enrich derivative products, such as books, picture albums, decorations, gifts,etc.

4.3 Seizing the historical opportunity to promote the commercialization of musical instruments of Li peopleUnder the opportunity of buiding "an international tourism island", the musical instruments of Li people should be actively promoted to Hainan tourism market. Holding stage performances with the theme of traditional musical instruments of Li people in high-end hotels and tourist attractions, and publicizing the musical instruments of Li people and their derivatives, not only show the unique cultural charm of musical instruments of Li people, but also promotes the construction of an "international tourism island".

With the help of the media, the "Internet +" marketing model should be adopted to improve the commercialization of musical instruments of Li people. Traditional folk song art performances and other forms shouls be held to put the musical instruments of Li people on the TV station. The musical instruments of Li people and their derivatives should be promoted to the vast number of netizens through emerging media such as Weibo and short videos.

4.4 Letting the musical instruments of Li people enter the classroom to cultivate the inheritors in the new eraIn the important project of protecting and inheriting the musical instruments of Li people, talent training is the key. In the past, the inheritance form of musical instruments of Li people was mainly based on oral teaching and immersion, which was difficult to learn and the inheritance effect was not good. The training of the inheritors of musical instruments of Li people is mainly aimed at the younger generation, and a school, as a learning place for the young generation, is undoubtedly the core position for cultivating inheritors of musical instruments of Li people. The education of musical instruments of Li people should be incorporated into the music education of local schools to enhance students’ understanding of the musical instruments, stimulate students’ interest in learning, and cultivate local students’ sense of historical mission and responsibility for protecting and inheriting the excellent instrumental music culture of their own nation.

5 Construction of three-in-one industry of musical instruments of Li people in Hainan

Hainan Province is at the forefront of the national development strategy, with three comprehensive advantages of ecological environment, special economic zone, and international tourism island. In addition, with the support of the central policy of rural revitalization and inheritance of national culture, it is a feasible strategy to vigorously promote the construction of three-in-one industry of musical instruments of Li people in terms of culture, tourism and education, and make efforts to build characteristic development projects of musical instrument culture of Li people.

5.1 The theme tourism project of "Liyue Telu"Tourism is a pillar industry in Hainan, and a pan-tourism industry group that involves and cross-penetrates into many related industries has been formed. In order to realize the long-term protection of bamboo and wood musical instruments of Li people, the inheritors of musical instruments of Li people and the local tourism department should make joint efforts to integrate the elements of the musical instruments into all aspects of tourism, such as creating the themed attractions of the musical instruments, playing tourism propaganda songs with the musical instruments,etc., so as to make tourists have a deeper understanding of the musical instruments and realize the industrial integration of bamboo and wood musical instruments of Li people and the local tourism culture.

Physical display and entertainment experience are the main contents of the project "Liyue Telu". The physical display takes the tourism development of indoor and outdoor folk museums as an opportunity, and through the holding of culture exposition and musical instrument exhibition of Li people,etc., the physical products of traditional Li musical instruments including single-log drum and nose flute and modeling patterns and audio-visual materials related to the musical instruments of Li people are displayed to tourists. At the same time, by means of information technology and offline physical exhibition halls, an online digital exhibition hall can be built to expand the radiation scope of instrumental music culture of Li people.

The entertainment experience is mainly in the form of Li folk song, dance and music performances. Because of integrating various arts such as music and dance, it brings tourists an excellent audio-visual experience and emotional interaction, and has the characteristics of a wide audience and a high degree of influence. Holding a song and dance performance with the theme of instrumental music culture of Li people is conducive to improving the attractiveness of Hainan’s tourism market and promoting economic development, stimulating the vitality of traditional musical instruments of Li people to inherite national culture, driving local people to start businesses to create a better life, which is an important measure of the project "Liyue Telu".

5.2 Cultural inheritance project of "letting the musical instruments of Li people enter campus"The most important thing for cultural inheritance is to grasp education and let the musical instruments of Li people enter compulsory education and classrooms in colleges and universities, so as to give full play to the important role of education in the inheritance of national culture.

The development of basic education and higher education is the core connotation of the cultural inheritance project of "letting the musical instruments of Li people enter campus". Local primary and secondary schools, especially the primary and secondary schools of Li people, lack music curriculum resources. A "music lecture hall" with the musical instruments of Li people as the educational content is established to explain the musical instruments and music of Li people in the form of singing, listening, and appreciating. It is not only conducive to absorbing teachers, musical instruments, teaching materials and other teaching resources from the local area, and strengthening the construction of school music courses, but also facilitates students to have a deep understanding of instrumental music culture of Li people, improves students’ understanding of music artistic conception of Li people, so as to inherit national culture while promoting quality education.

Music colleges are one of the main channels for the inheritance of traditional music, and strengthening college education is an important way to inherit the instrumental music culture of Li people. It is necessary to deepen the design of curriculum reform in colleges and universities, and offer elective or major professional courses for the musical instruments of Li people such as "Introduction to the Musical Instruments of Li people", "Musical Instrument Music of Li people", "Production of Musical Instruments of Li people", "Internet + and the Musical Instruments of Li people",etc.to enhance students’ understanding of the production and performance of musical instruments of Li people, which not only improves the professional skills of students, but also realizes the living inheritance and development of the musical instruments.

In addition, promoting off-campus education is also an important part of cultivating inheritors of musical instruments of Li people. In the inheritance and development of bamboo and wood musical instruments of Li people, the cultivation of inheritors is the key, and the cultivation of inheritors requires not only higher education training but also social experience. In order to better cultivate the inheritors of the musical instruments, a folk inheritance organization can be established, and the older generation of outstanding inheritors scattered in the folk can be as teachers, and regular seminars on the musical instrument culture of Li people can be held to coordinate and deploy the inheritance of the musical instruments. Meanwhile, it is necessary to focus on the cultivation of inherited talents, use social media to create a learning atmosphere of instrumental music culture of Li people, and cultivate the inheritors of the musical instruments in the new era by encouraging the performance and creation of the musical instruments.

6 Conclusions

The musical instruments and music of Li people are an important part of the culture of Li people, and they are also the spiritual symbols of the people of Li people, conveying the awe of nature and the expectation of a better life of Li people. Under the strategy of rural revitalization, a three-in-one industry integrating culture, tourism and education should be built, and the theme tourism project of "Liyue Telu" and the cultural inheritance project of "letting the musical instruments of Li people enter campus" should be implemented to inherite and develop the instrumental music culture of Li people, which not only helps to promote the entrepreneurship and employment of Li people and achieve common prosperity, but also strengthens the cultural self-confidence of Li people and inherits the national context.