波蘭露臺(tái)公寓

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：Architekt Maciej Franta | 面積 : 300 平方米 | 地點(diǎn)：波蘭 | 時(shí)間：2021 年 | 攝影：Villa Reden

Design Company: Architekt Maciej Franta | Built: 300 m2| Location: Chorzów,Poland | Date: 2021 |Photo credits: Villa Reden

場(chǎng)地獨(dú)特的文脈，以及在這一特別的區(qū)域植入新肌理所帶來(lái)的潛在負(fù)面影響，意味著作出設(shè)計(jì)新建筑的決定并不簡(jiǎn)單，且需嚴(yán)格遵循以下指導(dǎo)方針：不與周邊環(huán)境爭(zhēng)奪焦點(diǎn)，并用一種現(xiàn)代的方式回應(yīng)特殊的環(huán)境。因?yàn)榧追接邢薜念A(yù)算和極高的期待，設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)變得更加困難。這座公寓之所以有如此形態(tài)是因?yàn)榇_(kāi)發(fā)的基地為不規(guī)則多邊形，且設(shè)計(jì)意在保留原場(chǎng)地更多的樹(shù)木。這些小靈感成為建筑塑形的基本指導(dǎo)原則。建筑的形式被一步步創(chuàng)造出來(lái)。

首先，建筑體量與公寓功能相協(xié)調(diào)，使各項(xiàng)功能在不規(guī)則形體中的排布得以?xún)?yōu)化。其次，建筑邊界沿著場(chǎng)地輪廓展開(kāi)，公寓房間被可以遍覽全景的陽(yáng)臺(tái)環(huán)繞。由于建筑的一角尖銳地指向外部環(huán)境，我們決定對(duì)這個(gè)銳角做圓弧化處理，協(xié)調(diào)其與鄰居、樹(shù)冠和周邊綠化的關(guān)系。下一步，為了增加對(duì)周邊環(huán)境的視野，建筑體量四周安置了木質(zhì)觀景平臺(tái)，點(diǎn)亮公寓內(nèi)部（門(mén)廳和洗手間）的內(nèi)庭的引入和架空的首層為設(shè)計(jì)帶來(lái)了內(nèi)部的空隙，使得未被開(kāi)發(fā)的首層成為住戶社交和其他附加室外功能的空間。

寬敞露臺(tái)的引入為建筑增添了特色，你可以從平臺(tái)欣賞周邊動(dòng)人的景色，同時(shí)周邊樹(shù)木和內(nèi)庭的采光也讓建筑與自然緊密結(jié)合。最后一步是確定立面的節(jié)奏。立面采用了縱向分隔，創(chuàng)造出框定自由建筑體量的富有表現(xiàn)力的規(guī)則正方形。立面的每一處分隔都是相等的，連伸出的銳角部分和其他的增建也不例外。

盡管看起來(lái)像是一棟相互關(guān)聯(lián)的公寓建筑，它其實(shí)被設(shè)計(jì)為一座可以容納四戶家庭、擁有兩個(gè)公寓集合的住宅綜合體。整棟建筑共擁有八戶公寓，被分為四個(gè)獨(dú)立的功能分區(qū)，首層空間大部分是服務(wù)于所有住戶的公共空間，其次是包含設(shè)備間（熱交換、強(qiáng)弱電和給排水）的入口區(qū)域。每個(gè)功能分區(qū)在首層都有獨(dú)立的入口，通過(guò)樓梯通往住戶。

每戶公寓都可以通往內(nèi)庭和外圍不規(guī)則寬度的露臺(tái)，內(nèi)庭引入的自然光照亮了入口區(qū)域和洗手間。整棟建筑使用面積為715.4 平方米，包含占用兩層的八戶75 到76平米不等的公寓。

The unique context of the place and the potential negative consequence of implementing a new tissue in this unique area meant that the decision to shape a new building was not easy and had to refer directly to these guidelines,not compete with them,and "respond" to the environment with its uniqueness in a contemporary way.The task was even more difficult as the budget was limited and the investor’s expectations were high.

The idea and shape of the building resulted directly from the irregular polygonal shape of the area intended for development and the idea of leaving the largest possible tree stand on the plot.Such a simple inspiration has become the basic guideline for shaping the building.Creating the form step by step,first of all:the solid was formed in accordance with the function of the apartments,optimizing their function into the shape of an irregular polygon.

Then,a perimeter line was marked along the plot boundaries and the block of flats was surrounded with balconies to obtain a panoramic opening to the surroundings.Due to the acute angles (foreign in the context),it was decided to round the corners,referring to the character of the interwar villas in the neighborhood,tree crowns and the surrounding greenery.In the next step,to open the view to the surroundings,the block was dressed in wooden viewing terraces with various surfaces around it,an internal break in the form was introduced by implementing a patio to illuminate the internal parts of the apartments(bathrooms and entrance areas to the apartments)and the floor of the residential part was raised by one level,leaving undeveloped ground floor as a space for social interactions of residents and additional external functions.

The building formed in this way received unique features in the form of large terraces,from which you can enjoy the charms of the surroundings,and full integration with nature due to the proximity of trees and additional lighting in the patio.In the last step,the rhythm of the elevation was shaped.Vertical divisions of the fa?ade were introduced,creating expressive regular squares arranging the freely formed volume of the building.It was ensured that the division of the facade and its rhythm were equal and did not have anomalies in the form of extensions or additional elements.