英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作，如何從“寥寥數(shù)筆”到“筆酣墨暢”？

黃馥

你在寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中，會(huì)不會(huì)常常遇到這樣的情況，只寫(xiě)了跟主題相關(guān)的寥寥幾句，就寫(xiě)不出來(lái)了。老師一再跟你強(qiáng)調(diào)，英文寫(xiě)作要滿足詞數(shù)要求，不然得分不高。你也知道詞數(shù)太少的要害，可是你總是覺(jué)得無(wú)話可說(shuō);或是有時(shí)鉚足了勁，寫(xiě)出一些句子湊詞數(shù)，卻是上句不搭下句，毫無(wú)邏輯。

例如，“How to study Chinese”的主題，你寫(xiě)了一段話：There are three ways to study Chinese. First of all， it is necessary to learn grammar. Secondly， you could watch Chinese TV programs. Finally， seize the chance to talk with a Chinese.

在這個(gè)段落里，你介紹了學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的方法，寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容出來(lái)了，可就是太簡(jiǎn)單，怎么辦呢？怎樣填補(bǔ)內(nèi)容，讓詞數(shù)多起來(lái)又意思順暢？

不急，學(xué)會(huì)以下兩個(gè)方法，你的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作就可以語(yǔ)境豐滿，內(nèi)容充實(shí)，邏輯連貫。這兩個(gè)方法就是補(bǔ)充法和強(qiáng)調(diào)法。

第一，補(bǔ)充法

當(dāng)我們寫(xiě)了一個(gè)句子表達(dá)了某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)之后，可以繼續(xù)就這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的意思進(jìn)行內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充，讓意思更具體，可以嘗試從以下四方面進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充：

1. 補(bǔ)充解釋

對(duì)前面句子里的某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋，讓意思明白清楚。如：

I used to win the first place in the English Speaking Competition.

可以加上同位語(yǔ)對(duì)“English Speaking Competition”做進(jìn)一步解釋：I used to win the first place in the English Speaking Competition， an important English event in our school.

又如：I love the Humor Column most.

可以加上定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)“Humor Column”做出介紹：I love the Humor Column most， in which many jokes and cartoons could be read.

2. 補(bǔ)充例子

給出與前面句子陳述的情況相關(guān)的具體例子或列舉前面句子提到的某類(lèi)事物的具體事物，使表述具體形象。

例如：My father is hardworking.

可以增加具體的例子對(duì)來(lái)描述my father是如何的hardworking：My father is hardworking. He usually gets up early to work and comes back home late.

又如：You could take some gifts.

可以用such as或for example，for instance對(duì)“some gifts”進(jìn)行具體羅列：You could take some gifts， such as tea and wine.或者You could take some gifts. For example， fruit is a good choice. 或者You could take some gifts， for instance， some snacks.

3. 補(bǔ)充因果

給前面句子的內(nèi)容添上原因或結(jié)果，增加觀點(diǎn)的說(shuō)服力。

例如：Limit our time on online learning.

可以用因果關(guān)系說(shuō)明“l(fā)imit our time on online learning”的作用：Limit the time we study on the Internet because too much time on the Internet is bad for our eyes.或者Limit our time on online learning， and therefore， we won’t spend too much time on the Internet.

4. 補(bǔ)充作用

對(duì)句子里的某個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞或前面某個(gè)情況、建議或方法的功能、好處或目的作出說(shuō)明，令其作用一目了然。如：

My favourite sport is playing football.

可以在后面加上“playing football”的好處：My favourite sport is playing football. Not only does it build up my body， but also I will have more chances to make more friends.

第二，強(qiáng)調(diào)法

除了對(duì)前面內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充外，對(duì)其進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)也不失為一個(gè)增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，渲染氛圍的好辦法，更重要的是，可以增加文章內(nèi)容和作文詞數(shù)?？梢詮囊韵聝蓚€(gè)方面進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)：

1. 比喻強(qiáng)調(diào)

當(dāng)我們?cè)诮o出具體建議，或強(qiáng)調(diào)某物重要性后，除了前面提到的補(bǔ)充法外，還可用比喻的修辭手法。該手法不僅能拓展寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容，而且也能提升語(yǔ)言層次。

例如：Set a learning goal.

根據(jù)上面的補(bǔ)充法，可以補(bǔ)充“l(fā)earning goal”的作用：Set a learning goal， which could help you understand where your aim is.

此外，我們還可以使用比喻：Set a learning goal， for a goal is like a compass that points where you will head for.

又如：Honesty is very significant.

只是說(shuō)honesty重要，顯得有點(diǎn)單薄，如果加一個(gè)比喻句，語(yǔ)言就會(huì)瞬間提升一個(gè)檔次：Honesty is very important. A society can’t progress without honesty as a plant can’t grow without sunlight.

2. 反向強(qiáng)調(diào)

如果在強(qiáng)調(diào)某物重要性時(shí)，無(wú)法表達(dá)其作用或使用比喻，可以試試反向強(qiáng)調(diào)，就是“沒(méi)這個(gè)事物，會(huì)怎樣……”，這樣思維又打開(kāi)了一扇門(mén)，也使角度更獨(dú)特，表達(dá)更新穎。

例如：You should have courage to challenge the difficulties.

這個(gè)句子已經(jīng)講了courage的積極作用“challenge the difficulties”，怎樣繼續(xù)寫(xiě)下去，來(lái)加強(qiáng)一下語(yǔ)氣？反向強(qiáng)調(diào)可以試試：You should have courage to challenge the difficulties. Without courage， you may lose the chance to succeed.

又如：Friendship is very important to us.

我們使用反向強(qiáng)調(diào)：Friendship is very important to us. Without friendship， the world seems to have lost the sun.

學(xué)了這些方法，我們?cè)賮?lái)看看前面關(guān)于“How to study Chinese”的表達(dá)：There are three ways to study Chinese. First of all， it is necessary to learn grammar. Secondly， you could watch Chinese TV programs. Finally， seize the chance to talk with a Chinese.

嘗試使用補(bǔ)充法和強(qiáng)調(diào)法，讓這段文字語(yǔ)言豐富起來(lái)吧！

There are three ways to study Chinese. First of all， it is necessary to learn grammar， because Chinese grammar is different from English’s（補(bǔ)充原因）. Only with right grammar could you use Chinese in a right way（補(bǔ)充作用）. Secondly， you could watch Chinese TV programs， for example， Hello， China（補(bǔ)充例子）. It could tell you many Chinese cultures and customs（補(bǔ)充作用）. Finally， seize the chance to talk with a Chinese. Without practising speaking with a native， you never know how Chinese is used in real daily life（反向強(qiáng)調(diào)）.

請(qǐng)?jiān)倏匆欢卫樱?/p>

My mother is a housewife. She is kind. My mother loves me. She is important.

My mother is a housewife， who spends most of her time doing the housework everyday（補(bǔ)充解釋）. She is kind. Not only does she treat the family members well， but also she is friendly to the neighbors（補(bǔ)充解釋）. For example， she always helps them when they have trouble（補(bǔ)充例子）. My mother loves me. She always gives me the best and educates me（補(bǔ)充例子）. She is like the sun， giving me warmth（比喻強(qiáng)調(diào)）. She is important. Without her efforts， we couldn’t have a comfortable life（反向強(qiáng)調(diào)）.

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青