五年跨越西部陸海新通道不只是“通道”

文：《當(dāng)代廣西》記者 王海波

3 月的廣西，草長鶯飛，萬物萌生。

在一灣碧藍(lán)面朝東盟的廣西北部灣港，碼頭上大型吊機(jī)有序地吊裝著貨物，集裝箱車不停地往返穿梭，遠(yuǎn)處海面上的輪船駛進(jìn)駛出；在連接越南通達(dá)東南亞的邊境口岸，滿載貨物的重型卡車往返于中越之間，參與邊民互市貿(mào)易的人員有來有往，路邊攤販的叫賣聲此起彼伏……隨著新冠肺炎疫情防控進(jìn)入常態(tài)化，往日生機(jī)勃勃的景象正逐漸恢復(fù)。

2017 年2 月，西部陸海新通道（時稱“南向通道”）首次被提出，當(dāng)年9月實(shí)現(xiàn)常態(tài)化運(yùn)行。5 年來，隨著一趟趟鐵海聯(lián)運(yùn)班列的開行，這條北聯(lián)“一帶”南接“一路”、有新時代“國際靈渠”之稱的大通道，已成為廣西服務(wù)和融入新發(fā)展格局，加快融入共建“一帶一路”的關(guān)鍵大動脈。

見證：新通道“圈粉”新伙伴

3 月3 日，一列滿載2250 噸來自東盟的高嶺土、聚酯切片、建筑陶瓷等貨物的鐵海聯(lián)運(yùn)班列，從廣西欽州港開出駛往重慶團(tuán)結(jié)村。

今年以來，乘RCEP 生效實(shí)施的東風(fēng)，西部陸海新通道運(yùn)輸保持強(qiáng)勁增長勢頭，貨物集聚效應(yīng)更加凸顯。前兩個月，西部陸海新通道鐵海聯(lián)運(yùn)班列發(fā)運(yùn)貨物10.78 萬標(biāo)箱，同比增幅64.8%。

春節(jié)過后，廣西沿海鐵路股份有限公司欽州車務(wù)段副段長黃光輝成了一個大忙人。接車、驗(yàn)收、駁接、調(diào)配……在集裝箱辦理站見到黃光輝，發(fā)現(xiàn)他比幾年前更黝黑了。“現(xiàn)在比過去忙太多了！”這是西部陸海新通道建設(shè)以來，黃光輝掛在嘴邊的口頭禪，但他臉上卻總是洋溢著自豪的笑容。

自2016 年調(diào)到欽州港東站工作以來，特別是首趟西部陸海新通道上行班列開行以來，黃光輝見證了欽州港東站從一片灘涂荒地變成智能化鐵海聯(lián)運(yùn)站點(diǎn)的歷程。

黃光輝回憶，最初是來自重慶的班列，雖然當(dāng)時貨物散且少，有時一周才發(fā)一列車，但心里總是充滿期待。

在首趟“北部灣港—重慶”班列開通后不久，重慶、廣西、貴州、甘肅四地政府共同簽署了共建新通道的協(xié)議，由此形成了“一干多支”的體系。

此后，從中國西部地區(qū)匯聚到欽州港東站的貨物越來越多。在熱火朝天的貨場，看著一趟趟“鋼鐵巨龍”駛進(jìn)駛出，黃光輝自豪地介紹，這個曾經(jīng)一年開不出幾趟列車的漁港小站，如今每天到發(fā)的鐵海聯(lián)運(yùn)班列已達(dá)20 列左右。

2019 年8 月，經(jīng)國務(wù)院批復(fù)，國家發(fā)展改革委印發(fā)《西部陸海新通道總體規(guī)劃》，西部陸海新通道建設(shè)上升為國家戰(zhàn)略，這條大動脈的吸引力越來越強(qiáng)。

目前，西部陸海新通道“朋友圈”發(fā)展至14 省（區(qū)、市）54 市99 個站點(diǎn)，運(yùn)輸貨品達(dá)640 多個品類，連通全球107 個國家和地區(qū)的315 個港口，成為橫跨中國西部的物流大通道，形成“一帶一路”經(jīng)中國西部地區(qū)的完整環(huán)線。

“隨著西部陸海新通道‘朋友圈’不斷擴(kuò)大，越來越多來自全球各地的貨物在這里集聚，也吸引眾多國內(nèi)外客商利用新通道開展國際貿(mào)易。除了對開至中西部其他省份，西部陸海新通道班列還實(shí)現(xiàn)了首發(fā)印度、首載阿聯(lián)酋貨物以及中歐班列的常態(tài)化銜接?！秉S光輝對新通道發(fā)展成果如數(shù)家珍。

數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2021 年，西部陸海新通道沿線14 ?。▍^(qū)、市）經(jīng)廣西口岸進(jìn)出口貨物總值達(dá)4939.8 億元，同比增長35.3%，增速創(chuàng)歷年新高。

防城港碼頭Fangchenggang port（盧雨萱 攝）

改變：新通道成廣西發(fā)展新引擎

廣西是中國唯一與東盟國家陸海相連的省區(qū)，是中國面向東盟開放合作的前沿與窗口，共建西部陸海新通道對廣西高水平開放發(fā)展的意義不言而喻。

5 年來，廣西把共建西部陸海新通道作為高水平開放發(fā)展的牽引工程，全力推進(jìn)新通道軟硬件設(shè)施建設(shè)。

“近年來，隨著業(yè)務(wù)量不斷攀升，出現(xiàn)了大型船舶壓港、堵港的狀況，最多的時候一天在錨地候卸的船只就有六七十艘。”站在防城港漁港區(qū)的401 號泊位展板前，北部灣港防城港碼頭有限公司業(yè)務(wù)部副經(jīng)理吳家指著對面海域的錨地告訴記者，20 萬噸級401 號泊位的建成使港區(qū)大型船舶壓港、堵港的問題基本解決。

2021 年底新建成并投入運(yùn)營的401 號泊位，與同為20 萬噸級的400、402 號泊位碼頭形成連片生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營模式，極大緩解了港口大型船舶集疏港的壓力，共同釋放港口生產(chǎn)能量，為港口經(jīng)濟(jì)注入了發(fā)展新動能。

401 號泊位是西部陸海新通道的重點(diǎn)工程之一，也是廣西加快推進(jìn)西部陸海新通道基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的縮影。早在2018 年，廣西就制定出臺了《2018年度中新互聯(lián)互通南向通道廣西重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃》，涉及鐵路、公路、港口、機(jī)場、多式聯(lián)運(yùn)基地、內(nèi)陸無水港、其他物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等項(xiàng)目建設(shè)。

經(jīng)過幾年的努力，欽州鐵路集裝箱中心站建成使用，欽州港東航道擴(kuò)建工程一、二期工程調(diào)整項(xiàng)目通過驗(yàn)收，南寧國際鐵路港、中新南寧國際物流園建設(shè)提質(zhì)增效……大批重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目、重點(diǎn)工程的建成，讓西部陸海新通道“底氣”更足。

?？吭跉J州港集裝箱碼頭等待吊裝的貨輪A freighter waiting for hoisting at the container terminal of Qinzhou Port（王海波 攝）

在完善“硬設(shè)施”的同時，“軟環(huán)境”的改善也沒“掉隊(duì)”。

3 月25 日，走進(jìn)南寧國際鐵路港海關(guān)監(jiān)管作業(yè)場所，堆場里的集裝箱堆放整齊，不時有旋轉(zhuǎn)卸貨機(jī)穿梭其間搬運(yùn)貨物。

南寧國際鐵路港開發(fā)運(yùn)營有限公司副總經(jīng)理陳志杰介紹，過去業(yè)主在這里裝車后還要在憑祥市報(bào)關(guān)出境，增加了時間成本和企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)。2021 年5 月，南寧國際鐵路港海關(guān)監(jiān)管作業(yè)場所正式封關(guān)運(yùn)營，實(shí)現(xiàn)了一次申報(bào)、一次查驗(yàn)、一次放行，在海關(guān)通關(guān)時效層面實(shí)現(xiàn)“零等待”。

廣西豐豪新通道供應(yīng)鏈有限公司產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理李通告訴記者，現(xiàn)在公司的貨物就地完成所有通關(guān)手續(xù)，貨物僅1 天便可抵達(dá)越南，相比以往節(jié)省了3天時間，且每個貨柜可節(jié)省300 元到400 元的人力和物流成本。

降低港口中介服務(wù)收費(fèi)、推行國際貿(mào)易“單一窗口”、 集裝箱貨物“船邊直提、抵港直裝”、壓縮通關(guān)時間、“一企一策”……廣西一系列大刀闊斧的改革，讓西部陸海新通道更順更暢。

隨著西部陸海新通道軟硬件日臻完善，營商環(huán)境不斷優(yōu)化，通道運(yùn)營日益成熟，新通道鐵海聯(lián)運(yùn)班列年開行量從2017 年的178 列增長到2021 年的6117 列，增長33.4 倍。與這條大動脈同頻共振的北部灣國際門戶港，也在濤聲激越的時代浪潮中闊步前行。2021 年，北部灣港貨物吞吐量完成3.6 億噸，集裝箱吞吐量完成601 萬標(biāo)箱，增速排名全國沿海主要港口第一，北部灣港也躋身全國十大港口行列。

期待：新通道不僅僅是“通道”

如今，借助西部陸海新通道，越來越多物美價(jià)廉的越南火龍果、泰國龍眼、馬來西亞榴蓮等產(chǎn)品現(xiàn)身中國西部地區(qū)各大超市，而成都、重慶、蘭州等地的電子設(shè)備、汽車配件、陶瓷、馬鈴薯等產(chǎn)品也通過西部陸海新通道走進(jìn)東盟、非洲乃至全世界。

5 年來，這條交通動脈對廣西加快構(gòu)建國內(nèi)國際雙循環(huán)重要節(jié)點(diǎn)樞紐，助力中國西部地區(qū)乃至全國開放發(fā)展的作用日益凸顯。

許多專家和學(xué)者認(rèn)為，西部陸海新通道逐漸形成了東西雙向互濟(jì)、陸海內(nèi)外聯(lián)動的發(fā)展格局，它不是單純的物流通道，更是一條經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊。

廣西北部灣國際港務(wù)集團(tuán)有限公司黨委書記、董事長李延強(qiáng)坦言：“近年來，我參與和見證了西部陸海新通道的演變和發(fā)展過程，最大的心愿就是希望通道暢起來、強(qiáng)起來、實(shí)起來，真正成為貫通南北、銜接陸海、協(xié)同沿線的經(jīng)濟(jì)大動脈?！?/p>

通道促進(jìn)物流，物流帶動貿(mào)易，貿(mào)易繁榮產(chǎn)業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè)拉動經(jīng)濟(jì)。在廣西大學(xué)海洋學(xué)院副教授林昆勇看來，目前西部陸海新通道聯(lián)通中國西部和東盟市場，帶動貿(mào)易增量，繁榮產(chǎn)業(yè)，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的局面已經(jīng)形成。廣西和沿線省份應(yīng)在加快通道和物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、提升運(yùn)輸能力和物流發(fā)展質(zhì)量效率的同時，進(jìn)一步推動產(chǎn)業(yè)的深度融合，暢通跨區(qū)域的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、供應(yīng)鏈。

隨著今年1 月1 日RCEP 生效實(shí)施，廣西迎來新一輪開放發(fā)展新機(jī)遇。在頂層設(shè)計(jì)上，廣西已明確，將通過深入推進(jìn)擴(kuò)能優(yōu)服、大能力運(yùn)輸通道建設(shè)、通道物流提升、通道產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展四大行動，高水平建設(shè)西部陸海新通道。

對此，李延強(qiáng)建議，未來在西部新通道的建設(shè)中應(yīng)不斷拓展中國—東盟開放合作的深度廣度，進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮西部新通道對經(jīng)濟(jì)的重大牽引作用，聚勢再塑產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和供應(yīng)鏈。

值得一提的是，3 月17 日，廣西壯族自治區(qū)發(fā)展改革委正式批復(fù)平陸運(yùn)河建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，這是中國自京杭大運(yùn)河后的第二條運(yùn)河。作為融入西部陸海新通道的重大牽引工程，平陸運(yùn)河將為廣西及中國西南地區(qū)、中南部分地區(qū)開辟出一條路程最短、更經(jīng)濟(jì)便捷的出海大通道。對廣西而言，這無疑又是開放發(fā)展進(jìn)程中一件具有里程碑意義的大事。

In March, the land in Guangxi Province comes to life with plants growing and birds flying.

In the Beibu Gulf Port facing southeast Asia, where water is azure green, large cranes were loading and unloading goods,while container trucks were busy shuttling back and forth and cargo ships were approaching docks and leaving for their destinations. At the border ports between China and Vietnam,heavy trucks fully loaded with goods were running between the two sides, people were on the wing engaging in mutual border markets and merchants did their best to promote their products. Based on the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, business and trading were gradually recovering from the impact of the pandemic.

In February 2017, New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor (previously known as the Southern Transport Corridor) was first put forward and put into regular operation in September of the same year. Over the past five years, this corridor, serving as a connecting point in the Belt and Road Initiative and an international channel, has promoted Guangxi to contribute to and integrate with the new development pattern and accelerate the construction of a main channel of the Belt and Road Initiative through its rail-sea freight trains.

Witness: New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor expands international trade partnership

On March 3, a rail-sea freight train fully loaded with 2,250t of kaolin, polyester chips, architectural ceramics and other goods from ASEAN countries left for Chongqing Tuanjiecun Village Station from Port of Qinzhou Port in Guangxi.

Since 2022, the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor has caught the opportunities brought by the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), keeping its developing trend and demonstrating more advantages of the agglomeration effect. In the first two months, the goods delivered by the rail-sea freight trains via New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor have reached 107,800 TEUs, with a year-on-year increase of 64.8%.

After the Spring Festival, Huang Guanghui, deputy section chief of the Qinzhou section, Guangxi Coastal Railway Company was extremely busy. He devoted himself to the work of receiving, inspecting, transshipping and allocating trains. We met Huang at the container service station and his skin was tanned. “I’m much busier than before,” said Huang Guanghui frequently since the operation of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor. Although he was quite busy,he always smiled from his heart and felt proud of his work.

Since transferring to Qinzhou Port East Station in 2016 and the first train of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor running past here on September 28, 2017, he witnessed the great changes in Qinzhou Port East Station, the intelligent rail-sea freight train station that once was a piece of wasteland.

In his memory, freight trains from Chongqing first passed the Qinzhou Port East Station. At that time, the goods they loaded were fewer. Sometimes, the freight train just ran once a week but he still worked here with expectations.

After the first run of the freight trains from Beibu Gulf Port to Chongqing, the governments of Chongqing, Guangxi,Guizhou and Gansu signed agreements to jointly promote the development of the New International Land-sea Trade Corridor. Later, a “one mainstay with multiple routes” system was established.

Since then, the volume of goods gathered in the Qinzhou Port East Station from the western regions was increasing.Seeing the bustling freight yard and freight trains coming in and out, Huang was so proud and told us that nearly 20 rail-sea freight trains would pass here every day and the Qinzhou Port East Station was no longer a small station with just a few trains running through.

In August 2019, the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC), with the approval of the State Council, issued the

Master Plan for New International Land

-

Sea Trade Corridor

to make the construction of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor a national strategy and attract more participants.

At present, the service of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor has covered 14 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), 54 cities and 99 stations, which can deliver more than 640 categories of goods and connect 315 ports in 107 countries and regions.The New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor has served as a logistics channel crossing the western regions of China and completed the west section of the Belt and Road Initiative in China.

“The influence of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor is expanding. More domestic and international goods are gathered in Qinzhou and merchants at home and abroad are willing to carry out their international business through the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor. Besides,the freight train of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor has extended its route to India and delivered goods from the United Arab Emirates for the first time and also achieved regular connection with the China-Europe Railway Express,” said Huang Guanghui. He was quite familiar with the achievements of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor.

Statistics showed that in 2021, the total value of the imported and exported goods, passing ports in Guangxi of 14 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) along the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor, has reached 493.98 billion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 35.3% and the growth rate has made a new record over the years.

Changes: New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor becomes fresh driving force in Guangxi

As the only province in China that connects with ASEAN countries by both land and sea, Guangxi serves as the frontline and window of the openness and cooperation between China and ASEAN countries. Therefore, the joint construction of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor is quite essential for the high-quality openness and development of Guangxi.

In the past five years, Guangxi has spared no efforts to improve and upgrade the software and hardware facilities to promote the joint construction of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor, regarding it a driving force for quality development.

“In recent years, large cargo ships may face the problem of port congestion or blockage. Sometimes, the number of large cargo ships waiting for unloading could reach 60 to 70,” said Wu jiahuan, deputy manager of the Business Department of Beibu Gulf Port Fangcheng Port Co., Ltd. Standing in front of the display board of the No. 401 berth in Yugang Economic Zone, deputy manager Wu pointed at the near sea area and told reporters that the construction of the No. 401 berth, a 200,000 DWT berth now can handle the port congestion or blockage problem.

The No. 401 berth, constructed and put into operation at the end of 2021, cooperates with No. 400 and No. 402 berths,the berths with the same capacities, to form a coordinated operation model and relieve the stress of mooring and departure of large cargo ships. Meanwhile, it also improves the efficiency of port operation, giving new impetus to the economic development of the port.

The No. 401 berth is one of the major projects in the construction of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor and is also an epitome of the accelerated infrastructure construction of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor. In 2018, Guangxi issued

Project Planning of Major Infrastructure Construction for the Southern Transport Corridor of China

-

Singapore Connectivity 2018

.The

Project Planning

contains various infrastructure construction, including railways, highways, ports, airports, multimodal transport bases, inland dry ports and corresponding logistics facilities.

With continuous efforts made in recent years, Qinzhou Railway Container Central Station was completed and put into operation. Phrases I and II of the east channel expansion and adjustment in Port of Qinzhou were accepted. The construction of Nanning International Railway Port and China-Singapore Nanning International Logistics Park ensured its quality and efficiency. The completion of batches of major projects and core constructions lays a solid foundation for the development of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor.

While striving to strengthen the infrastructure, the local government also focuses on improving the business environment.

On March 25, when entering the custody area of the Customs in Nanning International Railway Port, people found containers were piled up neatly and portmobile unloaders were shuttling back and forth between them.

2019 年6 月30 日，從欽州鐵路集裝箱中心站首發(fā)駛向德國杜伊斯堡的中歐班列The first China-Europe container train departs from Qinzhou Railway Container Central Station to Duisburg, Germany on June 30, 2019（欽州市委宣傳部 供圖）

According to Chen Zhijie,deputy general manager of Nanning International Railway Port Development and Operation Co., Ltd. container owners had to apply for customs declaration in Pingxiang County-level City in the past,which would cost more time and create burdens on the enterprises. In May 2021, the custody area of the Customs in Nanning International Railway Port was officially put into use, making it possible to apply for declaration, inspection and release at one time to save enterprises’ time for customs clearance.

Li Tong, product manager of Guangxi Fenghao New Corridor Supply Chain Co., Ltd. told the reporter that they could finish all clearance procedures at the port and their goods could be sent to Vietnam within one day, saving three days and 300 to 400 yuan labor and logistics costs for each container.

A series of policies were issued by the government in Guangxi, such as cutting down the intermediary service cost of the port, promoting the application of the China International Trade Single Window, containers direct unloading and loading,shortening clearance time and “one policy for one enterprise”customized services. These proactive and bold reform measures have provided a more efficient environment for the development of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor.

With the establishment and completion of the software and hardware, a better business environment and smoother operation, the number of rail-sea freight trains in the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor has increased from 178 in 2017 to 6,117 in 2021, with an increase of 33.4 times. At the same time, the Beibu Gulf Port also catches the development trend and strives ahead confidently regardless of any difficulty.In 2021, the cargo throughput in Beibu Gulf Port reached 360 million tons and the container throughput achieved 6.01 million TEUs, ranking first in major coastal ports in China and making itself top ten ports nationwide.

Expectations: New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor is more than a logistics channel

At present, more affordable but high-quality fruits, such as pitaya from Vietnam, longan from Thailand and durian from Malaysia, can be found in supermarkets in western regions of China. Meanwhile, electronic equipment, auto parts, ceramics,potatoes and some other products from Chengdu, Chongqing and Lanzhou enter markets in the ASEAN, Africa and other countries and regions in the world.

From 2017 to 2022, the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor has been playing an increasingly important role in implementing the domestic and international dual circulation and fostering the openness and development of both the western regions and other areas of China.

航拍南寧國際鐵路港Aerial view of Nanning International Railway Port（劉崢 攝）

For many experts and scholars, the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor has helped to form a complementary development pattern for both the ASEAN and west parts of China and also established an interconnected land-sea and domestic-international development paradigm. It is not just a simple logistics channel but an economic corridor for the world.

Li Yanqiang, Secretary of the Party Committee and chairman of Guangxi Beibu Gulf International Port Group Co., Ltd. said, “In recent years, I am glad to witness the great changes and development of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor as a participant. I sincerely hope that it can be smoother, stronger and bring more convenience for all of us.I do hope that it can be an economic artery that connects the north and south, lands and seas and promotes cooperation for countries and regions on it.”

The New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor promotes the development of the logistics industry and the latter enhances

trading. Finally, various industries can benefit from prosperous

trading. According to Lin Kunyong, associate professor of the School of Marine Sciences at Guangxi University, the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor has connected markets in the ASEAN countries and western China and increased the

trading volume while making different industries booming. The development pattern of the economy has already formed. In addition to accelerating infrastructure construction of the logistics industry to improve its transportation capacity and development efficiency, Guangxi and other provinces connected by the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor should put their focus on in-depth industrial integration and cross-region industrial chains and supply chains coordination.

With the implementation of the RCEP on January 1, 2022, Guangxi has got new chances for opening up and development. In terms of the toplevel design, Guangxi will carry out high-quality construction of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor by deeply improving the capacity and services, building transportation channels with high efficiency, optimizing the logistics industry and encouraging industrial integration.

To achieve this, Li Yanqiang suggested that the cooperation between China and the ASEAN countries should be strengthened and broadened in a constant manner.We should give a full play to the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor in the economic development and gather strength to upgrade industrial chains and supply chains.