柏林西百貨店 德國柏林

業(yè)主單位：KaDeWe 集團(tuán)

項(xiàng)目概況：百貨商場(chǎng)翻新改造

主管合伙人：埃倫·范·倫,雷姆·庫哈斯

項(xiàng)目管理：SMV Bauprojektsteuerung Ingenieursgesellschaft mbH

機(jī)械、電氣、管道工程：IBT Ingenieurbüro Trache

當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖ煟篈rchitekturbüro Udo Landgraf,Heine Architekten Partnerschaft mbB,AUKETT+HEESE GmbH

照明：Sekles Planungsbuero

自動(dòng)扶梯：HUNDT CONSULT GmbH,

Geyssel Fahrtreppen GmbH

攝影：Marco Cappelletti

Client:KaDeWe Group

Program:Renovation department store

Partners:Ellen van Loon,Rem Koolhaas

Management:SMV Bauprojektsteuerung Ingenieursgesellschaft mbH

Structural Engineer:IBK Ing.-Büro für Tragwerksplanung

Mechanical,Electrical and Plumbing Engineers:IBT Ingenieurbüro Trache

Local Architects:Architekturbüro Udo Landgraf,Heine Architekten Partnerschaft mbB,AUKETT+HEESE GmbH

Lighting:Sekles Planungsbuero

Escalators:HUNDT CONSULT GmbH,Geyssel Fahrtreppen GmbH

Photography:Marco Cappelletti,Courtesy of OMA

西百貨店是一座傳統(tǒng)的歐洲百貨商場(chǎng)，與巴黎的老佛爺（Galeries Lafayette）、倫敦的塞爾福里奇（Selfridges）以及米蘭的文藝復(fù)興百貨（La Rinascente）齊名。從歷史上來看，這些百貨商店對(duì)早期現(xiàn)代零售業(yè)的發(fā)展起到了一定的推動(dòng)作用，它們促進(jìn)了精致工藝打造、社交以及服務(wù)嘗試方面的發(fā)展。

自1907年開業(yè)以來，西百貨店便成為引領(lǐng)商品推陳出新的前沿陣地，設(shè)立了一系列新的消費(fèi)者服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。作為歐洲大陸最大的百貨商店，西百貨店理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)爻蔀榱顺鞘械拇匀?。西百貨店幾乎如同一座小型城市，它擁有三維的道路和廣場(chǎng)系統(tǒng)，在其巨大的外圍中囊括了多個(gè)社區(qū)以及各種活動(dòng)和景觀，提供了豐富的商業(yè)、社交和文化交流的機(jī)會(huì)。它的變革真實(shí)反映了德國的現(xiàn)代歷史的進(jìn)程：從20世紀(jì)早期的誕生，經(jīng)歷了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的毀滅性破壞，以及20世紀(jì)50年代以來的重生，它已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)國家戰(zhàn)后重建及經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的典型標(biāo)志！

20世紀(jì)末，加速的經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化以及數(shù)字革命使得西百貨店變成了一個(gè)過時(shí)的商業(yè)模型。它被另一種零售模型取代，后者重新定義了百貨商場(chǎng)、顧客、建筑空間以及城市環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系，更加適應(yīng)時(shí)代的發(fā)展。

我們針對(duì)西百貨店轉(zhuǎn)型的計(jì)劃是策略性的。

與其將現(xiàn)有建筑視為一體，不如分解為四部分，各有千秋，獨(dú)具建筑和商業(yè)價(jià)值，迎合不同的顧客：古典、創(chuàng)新、現(xiàn)代、大眾。四棟百貨大樓共享同一穹頂，一體細(xì)分，易見易懂——就好像不同的城市碎片拼在一起整合成一個(gè)完整的城市。

每棟百貨大樓有不同的入口，圍繞中央空間，既可以做中庭，又可以提供垂直循環(huán)。每個(gè)中心區(qū)域不僅僅是設(shè)計(jì)，而是經(jīng)過了一系列策劃，精心改善而成，打造四個(gè)不同的體驗(yàn)空間，每棟百貨大樓都有四種效果不錯(cuò)的組織結(jié)構(gòu)模型。大樓各層，大小形態(tài)迥異，各不相同，獨(dú)具特色，懸空設(shè)計(jì)，穿過整個(gè)商業(yè)區(qū)變幻不定。

每個(gè)商業(yè)層采用交叉組織系統(tǒng)，呈現(xiàn)一分為四的結(jié)構(gòu)。每個(gè)空間使用井井有條，有公共循環(huán)區(qū)，設(shè)有不同大樓之間的通行，明晰條帶和策劃區(qū)域之間的聯(lián)系，同時(shí)還可以舉辦計(jì)劃外的項(xiàng)目。大樓可以作為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施提供多種條件和滿足各種用途。

Kaufhaus des Westens (KaDeWe) belongs to a consolidated tradition of historical European urban department stores such as Galeries Lafayette in Paris,Selfridges in London and La Rinascente in Milan.Historically,these department stores have been some of the pillars of early modern retail,acting as incubators for sophisticated crafts,social exchange and experimentation in services.

Since its opening in 1907,the KaDeWe has always been at the forefront of product selection,while also setting new standards for customer services.Its unique size– the biggest department store in continental Europe– makes it akin to a city:a three-dimensional network of paths,squares,neighborhoods,activities and views unfolding through its large extensions,providing opportunities for commercial,social and cultural encounters.Its evolution reflects Germany’s modern history:from its origins in the early 20th century,through WWII destructions and the subsequent rebirth in the 1950s when it became a symbol of the country’s post war reconstruction and economic success.

Late 20th century modifications,accelerating global economic shifts and the digital revolution have turned the KaDeWe’s former set up into an obsolete model.An alternative to the established retail model– a model that redefines the relationship between the department store,its patrons and its physical and urban environments– is timely.

Our proposal for the transformation of KaDeWe is tactical.

Rather than treating the existing building as a singular mass,the project breaks it into four quadrants,each one with different architectural and commercial qualities,targeted at different audiences:classic,experimental,young,generic.The four department stores under one single roof fragment the original mass into smaller,easily accessible and navigable components– similar to distinct urban sectors embedded into a unifying city fabric.

Each quadrant addresses a different street entrance and is organized around its core void,which acts both as a central atrium and a primary vertical circulation space.Through a process closer to curating than designing,each void is developed specifically,resulting in four distinct spatial experiences and four efficient models of organization within a single department store.Throughout the levels of the building,the voids transform in size and extension,avoiding repetition and making every floor unique,disappearing on the ground floor and morphing through the commercial areas.

A cross-shaped organizational system reinforces the presence of the quadrants on each commercial floor.It regulates the use of the spaces,the general circulation,the transition between one quadrant and the other and the relationship between brands and curated spaces,while at the same time allowing the injection of unexpected programs.The building operates as infrastructure allowing for multiple conditions and uses.