亞運場館：彰顯城市文化底蘊

劉子恒

5月6日，亞奧理事會執(zhí)委會在與有關各方協(xié)商后，研究決定：杭州2022年第19屆亞運會延期舉行。但在浙江各地走訪，人們對亞運的期盼和熱情依然絲毫未減。杭州亞組委表示，將繼續(xù)做好各項籌辦工作，相信杭州亞運會終將獲得圓滿成功。

日前，杭州亞組委公布，杭州亞運會、亞殘運會56個競賽場館全部竣工。這些場館風格多樣，有酷炫的黑科技，有古雅的文藝范兒，還有綠色節(jié)能的小清新……無數(shù)設計者、建設者和運營者以獨具匠心的構想，巧奪天工的設計，充滿人文情懷的建筑，展現(xiàn)了杭州乃至全浙江深厚的文化底蘊、日新月異的發(fā)展變化、激越奔涌的生機活力。按照“杭州為主、全省共享”的理念，有42個競賽場館設在杭州，其余14個設在寧波、溫州、湖州、紹興、金華等地。

一提到杭州亞運會的場館，常被杭州市民昵稱為“大小蓮花”的杭州奧體中心體育場和網球中心，可以算是諸多場館中頗具代表性的，給大家留下深刻印象?！吧徎ā笔亲罹吆贾萏厣脑刂?，就連杭州亞運會的吉祥物之一，也采用了蓮葉主題，取名為“蓮蓮”，代表世界遺產西湖，寓意大氣開放、熱情好客?！爱吘刮骱轮校L光不與四時同。接天蓮葉無窮碧，映日荷花別樣紅?！蹦纤卧娙藯钊f里在七言絕句《曉出凈慈寺送林子方》中生動描繪了杭州西湖夏季時荷花盛開的美景。對于每天都會經過錢江三橋的杭州人來說，“大小蓮花”早已成為沿江的一道風景。遠遠望去，杭州奧體中心體育場的外形似蓮花，造型動感飄逸，由28片大花瓣和27片小花瓣組成，其造型取意于杭州絲綢紋理與紡織體系，建筑體態(tài)源于錢塘江水的動態(tài)，猶如一朵美麗的蓮花綻放于錢塘江畔。而杭州奧體中心網球中心的頂棚由8片鋼結構花瓣組成，每片“大花瓣”重160噸?；ò昕尚D啟閉，鋼結構懸挑端開閉屋蓋技術為世界首創(chuàng)。杭州奧體中心游泳館則與杭州奧體中心體育館被稱為“化蝶”雙館，采用雙館合一的設計理念，為連體式建筑，采用獨特的流線造型，形成“化蝶”的杭州文化主題。

建筑的魅力是看得見的城市之美。遒勁的金屬骨架、充滿幾何感的造型，佇立在城市中的場館雖無言，但總能彰顯出這個城市的經濟實力、文化內涵，以及人們對美和美好生活的追求。

富春江畔“再現(xiàn)”曠世名作? ? 千島湖畔鑲嵌“明珠”

富陽，古稱富春，因境內擁有一條“一川如畫”的富春江而得名，是三國吳大帝孫權的故里、現(xiàn)代大文豪郁達夫的故鄉(xiāng)，更是元代大畫家黃公望《富春山居圖》的原創(chuàng)地和實景地。在富春江畔，計劃舉辦亞運射擊、射箭和現(xiàn)代五項三大賽事的杭州富陽銀湖體育中心，用另一種方式生動再現(xiàn)了元代畫家黃公望的《富春山居圖》。從日出到日落，在光影的作用下，場館外立面上的畫中景致若隱若現(xiàn)，遠山近水，濃淡朦朧，意境空靈清曠。

場館項目主創(chuàng)設計師、浙大設計院工程師章晨帆說，他們采用3.4萬片百葉組合成像的方法，通過5到85度不等的角度反射太陽光線，使呈現(xiàn)出的畫作更加靈動。章晨帆說 ：“日出日落，每一時段光線都是不一樣的，哪怕光線不變，人的視線也會發(fā)生變化。因此，這幅畫呈現(xiàn)出的明暗關系也是時刻變化的。我覺得這也體現(xiàn)了建筑物和自然之間一種和諧相處的關系。”

3.4萬片百葉不是一個小數(shù)目，每個葉片的度數(shù)必須分毫不差，才能表現(xiàn)出山水的樣態(tài)。上海寶冶集團場館裝飾項目經理王洪仁為此想出一個辦法，每個百葉安裝一個齒輪，每個輪齒相差5度，這樣就能鎖定角度;再根據(jù)圖紙把每一個百葉標號，工人們按圖施工。王洪仁說，光安裝這些葉片就耗時6個多月。

此外，在這片綠水青山間，還有一座外有曲線流暢、臨水而居的玻璃幕墻的建筑格外引人注目。待夜幕降臨，建筑被準時點亮，流光溢彩、靈動飛舞的動感畫卷，與波光粼粼的北支江交相輝映。這是位于杭州市富陽區(qū)北支江南岸的富陽水上運動中心，與黃公望隱居地隔江相望，是現(xiàn)代版《富春山居圖》東洲畫卷樣板的核心地帶，將承擔杭州亞運會賽艇、皮劃艇（靜水、激流回旋）等賽事項目，預計產生30枚金牌。

來到富陽水上運動中心，仿佛又走進了一幅畫中。眼前的這座建筑有著如山巒起伏般的流暢線條，深綠色的幕墻玻璃更是讓場館與周邊的綠水青山融為一體。踏入場館中庭，一片近千平方米的水系景觀映入眼簾，有樹有水，穿梭其中，別有一番江南山水韻味。富陽水上運動中心項目副經理葉昊陽介紹說，場館將山脈的起伏、流水的蜿蜒寓于設計之中。

走出場館，不經意間走上一片偌大的草坪，視野開闊，這才發(fā)現(xiàn)已經來到了場館的屋頂上?！斑@是華東地區(qū)最大的空中花園，超2萬平方米?！比~昊陽介紹到，這一花園設計讓整個場館的綠化率高達45%，在所有亞運場館中名列前茅，“賽時運動員可以在這里熱身，賽后將開放給市民，成為休閑娛樂場所”。

北支江江面上還佇立著一幢玻璃墻面的通透建筑，懸挑于江面。“這是富陽水上運動中心的終點塔，正式比賽時，所有技術人員和裁判將在這里開展工作，可以說是整個比賽的控制樞紐?！比~昊陽說，終點塔西邊的草坪上設有3000個觀眾席位，配有無障礙、VR觀賽體驗裝備等，“屆時觀眾就可以近距離欣賞選手沖過終點的英姿”。

淳安自古山靈水美，千島湖的水質在中國諸多大江大湖中居于首位，故又被譽為“天下第一秀水”。過去，淳安是千島湖畔的美麗漁村，“日暮漁者還”;現(xiàn)在，則是“朝陽任魚躍，千島藏明珠”。這“明珠”就是藏在風景中的淳安界首體育中心場地自行車館。

杭州亞運會期間，淳安主要承擔自行車、鐵人三項、公開水域游泳三大項賽事，包含場地自行車、小輪車、山地自行車、公路自行車、鐵人三項和馬拉松游泳等六小項賽事，將產生25塊金牌，是除杭州主賽區(qū)外產生金牌數(shù)量最多的賽區(qū)。

圍繞這些亞運賽事，淳安建有1個新建場館、5個臨建場館和亞運分村。其中最引人矚目的當屬被譽為“千島明珠”的自行車館。從遠處眺望，場館整體造型像一顆鑲嵌于自然山水之間的明珠，屋面、幕墻的魚文化元素，就像躍出湖面的魚兒激起的層層漣漪，顯得動感歡快?！拌偳丁痹趫鲳^群中的，還有淳安亞運分村。這里是杭州市唯一的亞運分村，包含了運動員村、技術官員村和媒體村。4868D69B-09A7-4409-ABE9-46B922DF95E6

紹興取“蠶繭”之型? ? 金華顯藤球趣味

與富陽和淳安的亞運場館展現(xiàn)山水之美不同，將舉辦亞運會攀巖比賽的紹興柯橋羊山攀巖中心，體現(xiàn)的則是一種剛柔并濟的運動之美。從空中俯瞰，偌大的場館就像一個白色的“蠶繭”。

蠶的精神也貫穿了紹興支柱產業(yè)——輕紡業(yè)的發(fā)展歷程。紹興柯橋以一塊布起家，又依托這塊布創(chuàng)造出千億級產業(yè)集群，這一切都離不開紹興人的勤勞付出。“杭州是絲綢之都，紹興柯橋是產業(yè)之城，選取蠶繭作為兩者共同的文化元素來體現(xiàn)攀巖館的特色，同時彰顯浙江人踏實肯干、勇于創(chuàng)新的精神。”場館總設計師、華匯工程設計集團副總建筑師黃會明談起選用“蠶繭”造型初衷時如是說。

為了能讓整個“蠶繭”晶瑩剔透，同時不乏運動的力量與動感，設計方與施工方在選材上也做足了功課，最終采用了國際上先進的UHPC超高性能混凝土材料。浙江寶業(yè)建設羊山攀巖中心項目施工總負責鄭孝謹說，受疫情影響，海外原材料采購需要半年時間，“我們提前做了攻略，通過溝通協(xié)調，三批材料總共有一千多噸，三個月左右的時間就成功購入了”。

紹興，古稱越州，有著2500多年的建城史，是中國著名的水鄉(xiāng)、橋鄉(xiāng)、酒鄉(xiāng)、書法之鄉(xiāng)、名士之鄉(xiāng)，素有“文物之邦、魚米之鄉(xiāng)”之稱。紹興棒（壘）球體育文化中心不僅是國內規(guī)模最大、符合國際賽事標準的棒壘球場地，也是杭州亞運會12個新建場館中規(guī)模最大的賽事場館。紹興棒（壘）球體育文化中心分為兩個地塊，一個地塊包含棒球主場、棒球副場、集訓中心和體能訓練館，另一個地塊為壘球賽場，包括一座壘球主場和一座壘球副場。整個體育文化中心以黃、白為主色調，在設計上突出紹興“水鄉(xiāng)”和“書法之鄉(xiāng)”的地方特色。夜晚，白色的罩棚在燈光的映射下猶如一條炫彩的絲帶，將各個場館串聯(lián)起來，盡顯靈動之美。

浙中金華自古以來素有“江南鄒魯”“文物之邦”之稱，人杰地靈，在文學、詩詞、戲曲、書畫、科學等方面人才薈萃、名家輩出。在金華“城市綠肺”湖海塘畔，一座形似貝殼的大型建筑，吸引著各路運動愛好者前來“打卡”。通過無人機拍攝的畫面可以看到，南邊是有著動感線條的運動場館，北邊是碧波粼粼的湖面，一派動靜相宜的絕美場景。作為杭州亞運會藤球項目比賽場館，擁有近6000個觀眾座位的金華市體育中心體育館，將承辦藤球項目的全部比賽，并產生6枚亞運金牌。

藤球是一項古老的體育運動項目，蹴鞠被認為是其前身，現(xiàn)代藤球在東南亞一帶盛行。由于藤球是非奧項目，開展藤球運動的地方不多，在浙江，臺州的藤球培訓開始得較早。依托臺州，近年來金華也成立了市藤球隊，積極引進隊員，并將著眼于培養(yǎng)金華本土的藤球隊員。藤球常常被叫作“腳踢的排球”，因為比賽中，選手不能用手，他們用腳、腿、肩和頭觸球，在比賽中經常用高難度甚至帶雜耍意味的動作炫技。

此外，金華亞運分村分為宴會區(qū)和生活區(qū)兩大板塊，布局構思為前庭后園，將禮儀化的宴會空間與園林化的生活空間有機結合。宴會區(qū)的兩個宴會廳均能容納上百桌用餐，可用一張屏風分隔或組合，多結合金屬、鋁板等材質，參照中國傳統(tǒng)官式建筑的禮序空間，打造“莊嚴感”;生活區(qū)則融入金華東陽竹編特色，坡屋頂、四水歸堂、游廊、格柵、灰瓦白墻等，盡顯婺派韻味。

拱墅獻出“玉琮”“杭州傘”? ? 蕭山涌起“錢江潮”

廖雄，一位攝影愛好者，2017年3月，他決定用照片記錄家門口的杭州亞運場館建設全過程。“你看，這張是我拍攝的第一張照片。這就是‘玉琮的位置，那個白色的建筑就是‘杭州傘……”廖雄自豪地說道。整整五年時間，廖雄拍攝了十萬多張照片。他口中的“玉琮”和“杭州傘”就是杭州拱墅運河體育公園體育館和體育場。遠遠望去，就像良渚玉琮和江南油紙傘，柔和圓潤、自然流暢。

杭州拱墅運河體育公園體育館將舉辦亞運乒乓球和霹靂舞比賽。為了把五千年的良渚文化精髓呈現(xiàn)出來，場館國內主設計師、浙江省建筑設計院全過程工程咨詢院院長吳哲昊說，光“玉琮”外立面材料就找了近一年時間，最終選了黃銅色陽極氧化鋁。吳哲昊解釋道：“‘玉琮本身有斑駁感，看起來有歷史的烙印。這個材料色彩很穩(wěn)，而且有自我清潔的效果，雨一下，就干凈了。通過周邊的環(huán)境反射到黃銅上，有映射疊加的感覺，從而體現(xiàn)出斑駁感和歷史文化沉淀的質感?！?/p>

拱墅運河體育公園體育場則將舉辦曲棍球比賽。如何把“油紙傘”的江南特點體現(xiàn)出來？吳哲昊團隊巧妙地把“杭州傘”落到地下，營造一種由“傘”聯(lián)想到“煙雨西湖”的感覺：“比賽場地是下沉式的，營造出輕輕地落下一把傘的意境。一根傘骨撐起了整個場館的重量，沒有柱子，也沒有一根懸索，‘油紙傘的韻味就這樣蘊藏其中?！?/p>

古運河邊，“玉琮”和“杭州傘”兩個場館，把良渚古城遺址、京杭大運河、杭州西湖三個世界文化遺產串聯(lián)起來。

位于錢塘江邊的蕭山，波濤洶涌的錢江潮是其文化底色，千百年來，潮水見證了蕭山的悠久歷史，蕭山因水而立、因水而富，成就了“自古繁華”;水孕育了蕭山的人文情懷，從浙東唐詩之路啟航，一批批蕭山士子奔走五湖四海、登上歷史舞臺;水刻畫了蕭山的城市品格，勤勞、務實、堅韌、隱忍一直是蕭山人最為寶貴的性格基因。

浙江師范大學（蕭山校區(qū)）體育館是杭州亞運會12個新建場館中唯一一個位于高校的競賽場館，將承擔手球賽事。建筑設計團隊成員之一、浙大設計院設計師杜信池說，設計時想要營造杭州錢塘江水及江南絲綢的視覺感受，為此團隊提出“水?！钡睦砟?，舍形而悅影，舍質而趨靈?！八！毕笳鲉渭儭⒆匀?，平實中蘊含豐富與奧義，水幕相調，契合江南的煙雨蒙蒙，同時也是浙江地域文化的委婉表露，蘊含著杭州的城市氣質，象征著杭州在互聯(lián)網時代背景下互聯(lián)互通、快速發(fā)展的形象。

文化貫穿于亞運場館的設計風格與建造理念之中，同時，場館設計與建造中也處處體現(xiàn)著人文關懷。杭州塘棲盲人門球基地，是亞殘運會的盲人門球場館?！拔覀兛紤]到視覺殘障運動員的需求，設置了無障礙設施，通往每一個功能用房及比賽場地，都設置了盲道;每個門上安裝了智能語音播報器，提醒運動員已進入某區(qū)域?！泵と碎T球基地主任張利明說。4868D69B-09A7-4409-ABE9-46B922DF95E6

越是細微之處，越顯城市文化中包容、向善、開放、友好的特質。塘棲盲人門球基地為導盲犬設置專屬的“小窩”;臨平體育中心體育館是個平“行”場館，運動員出入口都采用了“平坡平階”設計;為避免臺風影響，溫州體育中心體育場照明采用八桿可升降式燈桿設計，臺風天也能正常運行。

古今中外，建筑都是人們研究歷史和文化的重要途徑。亞運場館的文化內涵，為杭州亞運這一體育盛會增添了明快而豐富的底色。亞運場館建筑不僅是競賽場所，更是浙江優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和時代文化在鋼筋水泥上的濃縮。（感謝夏海云、袁奇翔、馬欣宇、曹林波對本文的貢獻。）

Venues of Hangzhou Asian Games： Embodiment of Culture

By? Liu Ziheng

Following consultations with the relevant sides， the OCA Executive Board （EB） decided on May 6 to postpone the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022. The decision， however， has not dampened local peoples enthusiasm about the Games. The Hangzhou Asian Games Organizing Committee （HAGOC） has announced that they will continue the preparatory work and deliver a successful Asian Games.

According to the HAGOC， among all the completed 56 venues for the Asian Games and the Asian Para Games， 42 are located in Hangzhou， the main sports hub， and 14 in the five co-host cities in Zhejiang province in eastern China， namely， Ningbo， Wenzhou， Huzhou， Shaoxing and Jinhua. Ingenious in design and extraordinary in construction， the venues all embody the cultural heritage of not only the cities but also the province， and reflect the rapid development and the great vitality of the area.

Fuyang was originally known as Fuchun because of its location on the Fuchun River. It is the birthplace of not only numerous notable figures， but also a legendary landscape painting — Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains， created by the highly acclaimed Chinese painter Huang Gongwang （1269-1354）. By the Fuchun River stands the Hangzhou Fuyang Yinhu Sports Center， which is the competition venue for shooting， archery and modern pentathlon. Thanks to a creative design， the movement of the sun from sunrise to sunset works magic on the building facade in such a way that the landscape painting comes to life on the wall.

Zhang Chenfan， its architect， explained how the design makes that possible. First， 34，000 angled slats are installed on the curtain wall to form pixels of the Fuchun Mountains. Second， sun reflection is utilized to add a bit of magical oomph to the picture. More specifically， the sunlight comes from different directions at different times of the day， which renders dynamic images on the wall. Besides， even at the same time of the day， a change in an observers line of sight produces a different chiaroscuro effect. The idea is to visualize a harmonious relationship between architecture and nature.

However， the key of the design is to mount each of the 34，000 slats successfully at a specified angle. Wang Hongren， a project manager with Shanghai Baoye Group Corp.， Ltd. has figured out a solution. All slats are installed with gears that are 5 degrees apart so as to lock the angles for sun reflection. Then each slat is specifically marked in the venue plan. To turn the thoughtful design into reality， the construction workers devoted as many as six months to the work.4868D69B-09A7-4409-ABE9-46B922DF95E6

Another eye-catching venue surrounded by mountains and water is the Fuyang Water Sports Center， a glass-walled building facing the Fuchun Mountains across the tributary of the Fuchun River on its north bank. When lit up at night， the glittering building resonates with the gleaming river. a total of 30 gold medals in events such as canoe/kayak （canoe slalom & canoe sprint） and rowing will be awarded at the Water Sports Center.

With curved roof lines， the dark green glass-walled building blends well with the surrounding mountains. Inside the atrium of the Water Sports Center， one will be greeted by a thousand-square-meter landscape with many water features. According to Ye Haoyang， the deputy project manager， the elements of curving mountains and winding rivers have been thoughtfully infused into the design.

Additionally， the building features a 20，000-square-meter roof garden， the biggest of its kind in East China， which makes its greening rate as high as 45 percent， among the best of all venues of the Asian Games. The garden is suitable for warm-up exercises during the Games and makes a perfect recreational attraction for the locals after the event.

The Finish Tower at the Water Sports Center， the working area for referees and technicians， stands by the tributary of the Fuchun River on its north bank as well. To the west of the tower are 3，000 spectator seats accessible to the disabled and equipped with VR devices that enable spectators to capture the wonderful moment when competitors cross the finish line.

The Chunan Jieshou Sports Center Velodrome is located in Chunan county in the southwest of Hangzhou. With lucid waters and lust mountains， the county enjoys a good reputation for its outstanding water quality， especially in the Thousand Island Lake. In all， 25 gold medals in six events — four of them in cycling （track， mountain bike， road and BMX）， plus triathlon and marathon swimming will be up for grabs here.

To stage the six events， a new venue cluster has been built， the focal point of which is the velodrome that， if viewed from afar， is like a gem hidden in green mountains. Elements of fish culture displayed on the roof and glass walls remind us of ripples from fish jumping out of water， lending a lively touch to the building. Another “gem” in the cluster is Chunan Asian Games Sub-village， the only one of its kind in Hangzhou. The Sub-village comprises an Athletes Village， a Media Village， and a Technical Officials Village that will accommodate 775 athletes， 270 technical officials and about 300 reporters during the Games.4868D69B-09A7-4409-ABE9-46B922DF95E6

Different from those in Fuyang and Chunan whose designs are inspired by the beauty of waters and mountains， the Shaoxing Keqiao Yangshan Sport Climbing Center in Shaoxing city， the venue for the sport climbing competition， demonstrates a beauty of sports that blends strength and gentleness. Viewed from above， the center resembles a huge white silkworm cocoon.

According to Huang Huiming， chief architect of the center， the silkworm-inspired design has a lot to do with Shaoxings pillar industry — textile manufacturing. Keqiao， a district of Shaoxing， a 2500-year-old city on the southern shore of Hangzhou Bay， has developed the industry into a 100-billion-yuan （$15 billion） industrial cluster through generations of hard work. In this sense， the cocoon image serves not only as a common cultural symbol of both Hangzhou and Shaoxing， the former as the “capital of silk” and the latter as the “city of textile”， but also as a mirror of the locals hardworking mindset and innovative spirit.

To make the “cocoon” appear sparkling without losing its dynamic durability， the design team and the construction team decided to use the ultra-high performance concrete （UHPC） after a great deal of research. According to Zheng Xiaojin， who is in charge of the construction of the Sport Climbing Center， it would have taken six months to get the UHPC to China because of COVID-19. But they successfully acquired over 1，000 tons of UHPC in three batches within three months as a result of full preparation and effective coordination.

Another venue in the city of Shaoxing， the Shaoxing Baseball & Softball Sports Center， is not only the largest baseball and softball venue that meets the international standards in China， but also the largest among the 12 newly built venues for the 19th Asian Games. The Sports Center is a four-field complex to serve the two sports. With yellow and white as its dominant colors， the venue showcases Shaoxing as a water town and the hometown of calligraphy. At night， the white canopy under the lights looks like a colorful ribbon nimbly connecting all sections of the venue.

The city of Jinhua， in the center of Zhejiang province， is the birthplace of a lot of talented people. Close to the Huhaitang Lake， dubbed the green lung of the city， stands Jinhua Sports Center Gymnasium. The shell-shaped gymnasium holds massive appeal for local sports fans. With dynamic wave lines of the building and the glittering water of the lake， it presents a perfect blend of vitality and tranquility. The 5，800-seat gym is the venue for Sepak Takraw where six gold medals will be up for grabs.4868D69B-09A7-4409-ABE9-46B922DF95E6

A centuries-old sport， Sepak Takraw is believed to have evolved from an ancient Chinese military exercise， Cuju. Modern Sepak Takraw is immensely popular in Southeast Asia. Also known as the “kick volleyball”， it is commonly played by using feet， knees， shoulders and head to touch the ball. Comparatively speaking， the sport has seen， in recent years， more players in Taizhou， a city located at the middle of the East China Sea coast of Zhejiang province. As Taizhous neighboring city， Jinhua has made efforts to promote the sport by setting up a Sepak Takraw team， recruiting good players and cultivating local talents. The Asian Games Sub-village in Jinhua features two grand banquet halls that can accommodate over 100 tables each and a landscape garden that showcases local architecture.

Liao Xiong is a keen amateur photographer who， in March 2017， made a big decision to create a photo documentation of the venue construction in Hangzhou. In the following five years， he has taken more than 100，000 photos. His very first picture captured the initial appearance of the gymnasium and the field hockey stadium of the Gongshu Canal Sports Park. The gymnasium will host table tennis and break dancing during the Asian Games and the stadium， the hockey tournament.

According to Wu Zhehao， chief architect of the venue， the design of the gymnasium is intended to showcase the Liangzhu culture， a 5，000-year-old culture in Chinas Yangtze River Delta region that worshipped jade. Viewed from afar， the venue looks like a jade cong， a representative cultural relic unearthed from the Archaeological Ruins of the Ancient Liangzhu City. The unique visual attribute comes from the use of brass anodized aluminum， a carefully selected facade material conducive to bringing out the intended effect of the design.

As for the stadium that is dubbed “Hangzhou Umbrella”， it resembles an oil-paper umbrella which is often related with the West Lake shrouded in misty rain. With neither pillars nor suspension cables， “the canopy of the umbrella” is held up by a single huge “rib”， thus reinforcing the idea of the ancient Chinese umbrella. Standing by the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal， the gymnasium and stadium of the Gongshu Canal Sports Park represent the three World Heritage sites in Hangzhou， namely， the Archaeological Ruins of the Ancient Liangzhu City， the Grand Canal and the West Lake.

An urban district of Hangzhou， Xiaoshan is located along the Qiantang River， famous for producing some of the worlds most spectacular tidal bores. The district features the only newly built venue on a university campus — the Zhejiang Normal University Xiaoshan Gymnasium that will host handball events. According to architect Du Xinchi， the design team employed the idea of water curtain to visually associate the venue with the Qiantang River and Hangzhous silk， and symbolically， with the spirit of purity and fertility of the land.4868D69B-09A7-4409-ABE9-46B922DF95E6

The designs of Asian Games venues reflect not only varied cultural features but also the human-centered philosophy. The China Goalball Training Base， situated in Linping district， Hangzhou city， will stage the goalball events during the Asian Para Games. According to Zhang Liming， director of the training base， the venue is equipped with barrier-free facilities so as to fully accommodate the needs of visually impaired athletes. For example， tactile paving surface is used to guide athletes to every corner of the training base and smart voice prompt announcers are installed on doors to remind athletes when they enter a certain area.

Besides， the venues are rich in details that display inclusiveness and friendliness. For instance， the Goalball Training Base provides an exclusive cozy space to guide dogs; the Linping Sports Center Gymnasium features flat slopes and flat steps at entrances and exits for athletes; the Wenzhou Sports Center Stadium is equipped with eight adjustable lighting poles to allow it to function normally even on a stormy day.

Architecture provides an important means to study history and culture. With distinctive cultural features， the 19th Asian Games venues in Zhejiang province make the continental multi-sport event more enriching because they not only stage competitions but also epitomize the past traditions and the contemporary developments of the vast land.4868D69B-09A7-4409-ABE9-46B922DF95E6