• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Same day discharge after structural heart disease interventions in the era of the coronavirus-19 pandemic and beyond

    2022-06-02 08:30:24AbdulazizAsbeutahMuhammadJunaidFatimaHassanJesusAvilaVegaNephertitiEfeovbokhanRamiKhouzamUzomaIbebuogu
    World Journal of Cardiology 2022年5期

    Abdulaziz A Asbeutah,Muhammad Junaid,Fatima Hassan,Jesus Avila Vega,Nephertiti Efeovbokhan,Rami N Khouzam,Uzoma N Ibebuogu

    Abdulaziz A Asbeutah,Fatima Hassan,Jesus Avila Vega,Internal Medicine,University of Tennessee Health Science Center,Memphis,TN 38013,United States

    Muhammad Junaid,Internal Medicine,Forrest City Medical Center,Forrest City,AR 72335,United States

    Nephertiti Efeovbokhan,Department of Cardiology,NEA Baptist clinic,Jonesboro,AR 72401,United States

    Rami N Khouzam,Department of Medicine,The University of Tennessee Health Science Center,Memphis,TN 38104,United States

    Uzoma N lbebuogu,Department of Cardiology,University of Tennessee Health Science Center,Memphis,TN 38103,United States

    Abstract With recent advancements in imaging modalities and techniques and increased recognition of the long-term impact of several structural heart disease interventions,the number of procedures has significantly increased.With the increase in procedures,also comes an increase in cost.In view of this,efficient and cost-effective methods to facilitate and manage structural heart disease interventions are a necessity.Same-day discharge (SDD) after invasive cardiac procedures improves resource utilization and patient satisfaction.SDD in appropriately selected patients has become the standard of care for some invasive cardiac procedures such as percutaneous coronary interventions.This is not the case for the majority of structural heart procedures.With the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,safely reducing the duration of time spent within the hospital to prevent unnecessary exposure to pathogens has become a priority.In light of this,it is prudent to assess the feasibility of SDD in several structural heart procedures.In this review we highlight the feasibility of SDD in a carefully selected population,by reviewing and summarizing studies on SDD among patients undergoing left atrial appendage occlusion,patent foramen ovale/atrial septal defect closure,Mitra-clip,and trans-catheter aortic valve replacement procedures.

    Key Words: Mitra-clip; Transcatheter aortic valve replacement; Same-day discharge; Atrial septal defect;Coronavirus

    lNTRODUCTlON

    Same-day discharge (SDD) following percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in certain patient groups has been shown to have no increased risk of death,re-hospitalization,and has been associated with increased patient satisfaction[1-4].According to the 2021 American College of Cardiology (ACC)SDD after PCI decision pathway,SDD is defined as a procedure that does not include supervised overnight monitoring in a facility or hospital after an elective procedure[5].Several prerequisites have been postulated and the ACC consensus pathway provides a checklist that can be used to determine eligibility for SDD in patients undergoing PCI,however,no consensus has been formulated yet for patients undergoing structural interventional heart procedures[5].Ideally,patients should be identified as candidates suitable for SDD before the procedure,have an uncomplicated procedure and recovery,be able to pick up required medications,be willing to depart on the same day,and have the means to care for themselves or have reliable caregivers to monitor them over the next 24 h.Most patients would be followed up on the same dayviatelephone-health and some are offered next day in-person visits to be assessed by the interventionalist[5,6].This has now become important especially due to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic,as initially all elective procedures were recommended to be postponed by several leading health care authorities to prevent unnecessary exposure to patients and health care workers and to conserve personal protective equipment and bed availability.Delays in timely intervention among patients with structural/valvular heart disease place these patients at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes,including death[7].A position statement from the ACC/Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions provides a framework to triage patients in need of structural heart interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic and discusses preprocedural evaluation by a dedicated “heart team” and procedural indications[7].In this manuscript,we aim to review and summarize the available literature on the safety of SDD among patients undergoing structural heart interventional procedures including,left atrial appendage occlusion(LAAO),patent foramen ovale (PFO)/atrial septal defect (ASD) closure,Mitra-clip,and Trans-catheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures.

    SEARCH STRATEGY

    We performed an extensive search of electronic databases including PubMed/Medline,Google Scholar,and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception till October 1st,2021.We included studies that included structural intervention procedures and included patients who were discharged on the same day of the procedure.Eligible studies were reviewed and information was summarized by all authors.

    LEFT ATRlAL APPENDAGE OCCLUSlON DEVlCE PROCEDURE

    It was estimated that in the year 2010 around 9 million residents of the European Union were living with Atrial Fibrillation (AF).AF significantly increases the risk of embolic strokes and the postulated primary source of thrombus formation is the left atrial appendage[8].Current ACC guidelines recommend the option of LAAO for patients with non-valvular AF at high risk for serious bleeding events or who have contraindications for long-term oral anticoagulation to reduce the risk of embolic stroke[9].Left atrial appendage occlusion can be achieved percutaneously by deploying the WATCHMAN device (Boston Scientific,Marlborough,MA,United States),at the left atrial appendage ostiaviatransseptal puncture using a 12 French sheathviatrans-femoral venous access.In the PROTECT-AF and the PREVAIL trials,LAAO was found to be non-inferior to warfarin in the prevention of stroke,systemic embolization,and cardiovascular death[10,11].The EWOLUTION study concluded that LAAO led to reduced incidence of stroke and non-procedural bleeding[12].

    Traditional practice is to admit patients and observe them overnight after LAAO device procedures and to discharge them after around 24 h.Complications following LAAO procedures typically occur during or within a few hours after the procedure[13],hence certain groups created a clinical pathway for safe SDD after LAAO procedures.There have been four recently published studies with data regarding the feasibility of SDD among patients that underwent LAAO,with the vast majority being with the WATCHMAN device[13-16].In a single-center,retrospective analysis of 190 successful LAAO device implantation using the WATCHMAN device,Tanet al[14] compared 7 and 45 d outcomes among SDD patients compared to non-SDD patients.In their study,72 patients were discharged on the same day of the procedure compared to 118 patients that required at least one night of observation.In their study,pre-requisites for SDD were being able to ambulate two hours after the procedure to assess vascular integrity,anti-platelet and oral anticoagulant started or on hand,hemodynamic stability,no vascular access site complications,and some patients underwent a trans-thoracic echocardiogram (TTE)before discharge.The primary outcome of the study was a composite of stroke,systemic embolism,bleeding requiring blood transfusion,vascular access site complication,and death.The 7 d and 45 d primary outcomes were met by (1.2%vs5.9% of SDDvsnon-SDD patients) and (2.8%vs9.3% of SDDvsnon- SDD patients),respectively,P= 0.26 andP= 0.14.There was also no difference in re- admission or 45 d peri-device flow > 5 mm between SDD and non-SDD patients[14].

    Several other smaller single-center studies reported on the feasibility of SDD among patients undergoing LAAO procedures.In a study by Gilhoferet al[13],24 out of 78 patients were discharged on the same day of the LAAO procedure.Pre-requisites to SDD in their study were lack of significant frailty determined by a local scoring system,good home support,a TTE performed after 5 h of stepdown observation revealing no significant pericardial effusion,and agreement to come in again the next morning for a repeat TTE and outpatient evaluation.They reported no significant events in either the SDD or non-SDD group[13].In an effort to enhance SDD,Marmagkioliset al[15] performed all WATCHMAN procedures under conscious sedation and were able to discharge 112 of their 178 patients within six hours after the procedure.They also required a TTE before discharge without evidence of significant pericardial effusion and a next-day follow-up TTE.They reported no complications in the SDD group.In another retrospective analysis of 177 LAAO procedures in the United Kingdom using various LAAO devices,78 patients were discharged on the same day.Half of the patients had LAAO with the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug,41% with the Amulet Occluder,and 2.5% with watchman.They reported that 1.7% of all their procedures suffered major in-hospital complications,hence were not suitable for SDD.They had required all patients to have a TTE on the day of the procedure without evidence of pericardial effusion,available transportation,and completion of the procedure before 4 pm to be considered eligible for SDD.In their study one patient from the SDD group was readmitted within 7 d,however,they concluded that it would have not been prevented by an overnight stay.Of note,all patients were discharged on DAPT for 28 d and then transitioned to SAPT thereafter,consistent with the European expert consensus statement[16,17].

    MlTRA-CLlP

    Chronic systolic heart failure eventually leads to left ventricular dilatation and mitral regurgitation(MR) may develop secondary to ventricular remodeling and geometric dislocation of the mitral valve apparatus including the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae,impairing coaptation of the mitral leaflets[18].In a recent meta-analysis of 45900 patients with secondary mitral regurgitation,secondary mitral regurgitation was associated with an increased risk of heart failure hospitalizations,cardiac mortality,and death[19].The MITRA-FR study showed no difference in the primary outcome of death from any cause or hospitalization for heart failure (HF) at one year,while the COAPT trial showed a significant reduction in HF hospitalizations and all-cause mortality within 2 years[20,21].The main reason for the observed differences was attributed to the enrollment in the COAPT trial requiring all patients to be on maximally tolerated guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) before enrollment,as compared with the MITRAFR trial[22].The current 2021 ACC expert consensus HF guidelines recommend that GDMT should be optimized before percutaneous trans-catheter mitral valve repair based on evidence from previous randomized control trials[20,21,23].The main reason for overnight observation in Mitra-clip procedures is usually to monitor for vascular access complications,as it requires a 24 French sheath introducedviathe femoral vein,raising concern over possible bleeding complications.

    In a single-center retrospective study by Marmagkioliset al[24],95 patients underwent Trans-catheter mitral valve repair,of which 82 were discharged on the same day of the procedure.In their study,39 patients had primary MR and 43 had secondary/Functional MR due to heart failure.They included patients with a society of thoracic surgery (STS) score > 8% and deemed unsuitable for surgical mitral valve repair/replacement.The mean age of participants was 80.2 ± 2.5 years,mean EF = 45%,20% with grade 3 MR,and 80% with grade 4 MR.They had a 100% procedure success rate and all procedures were performed under minimal conscious sedation or monitored anesthesia care and TEE guidance.All patients that had no intra-procedural complications and a stable course during observation for 6-8 h and were able to walk with no vascular access complications were considered for SDD.In their study,all patients underwent a figure of eight suture to the access site and only one patient had suffered from a minor bleeding event according to the valve academic research consortium-2 criteria[24].

    In a case report by Chenet al[25],they describe an expedited Mitra-clip procedure for an 86-year-old patient with severe MR who was discharged on the same day during the COVID-19 pandemic.His STS risk score was 4.2%,with an EF of 40%,and NYHA III heart failure symptoms.Following the procedure,the patient was observed for four hours,a TTE showed no pericardial effusion,and confirmed the placement of the Mitraclips.The patient was sent home with a 7 d continuous rhythm-monitoring device without any documented arrhythmia and was seen on days 1 and 2 after the procedureviatelephone-health calls[25].These prior studies indicate that SDD is reasonable and possible for selected patients undergoing the Mitra-clip procedure without procedural complications and with adequate follow-up.

    TAVR

    Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common type of valvular heart disease in the United States and is typically caused by calcific degeneration of a tri-leaflet aortic valve or stenosis of a congenital bicuspid aortic valve (AV)[26].TAVR is an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for treating severe AS or Bio-prosthetic AV dysfunction in patients at high or intermediate surgical risk based on the STS score,frailty,and existing comorbidities[27].Recently,the five-year outcomes from the PARTNER trial were published and showed no significant difference in the incidence of death or stroke in patients undergoing TAVR at intermediate surgical risk compared to SAVR[28].Despite TAVR being a commonly performed interventional procedure in the current era,it does not come without the potential for serious procedural and post- procedural complications.As with any interventional procedure,TAVR has been associated with vascular access complications especially due to the large sheath introduced mainlyviathe femoral artery.Other complications include pericardial effusions and tamponade,peri-procedural stroke,and new conduction abnormalities such as high-grade atrioventricular block (AV) and complete heart block requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM)implantation[28,29].Hence,the standard practice is to observe patients 24-48 h after the procedure for new or worsening conduction abnormalities[30].However,with the COVID-19 pandemic and the patient population undergoing TAVR usually being elderly with multiple co-morbidities placing them at higher risk of COVID-19 related complications,several studies sought and reported on SDD following TAVR[6,31,32].

    In a case series,three elderly patients with AS underwent TAVR and were discharged home on the same day with 7 d of continuous rhythm monitoring[31].Authors hypothesized that SDD may be safe after TAVR in a pre-selected cohort of patients with AS and also help reduce the risk of unnecessary COVID-19 transmission,conserve hospital beds,and PPE.Since the authors recognized that the loss of a single patient secondary to preventable complications due to early discharge is a never event,they developed protocols and safety nets for their SDD protocol.They considered patients with no significant comorbidities such as end-stage kidney disease,hemoglobin < 9 mg/dL,NYHA ≥ 3 symptoms,EF <30%,no significant pericardial effusion,new or worsening AV block,and no vascular access complications able to be discharged on the same day of the procedure after observation for 4-6 h.In order to minimize complications,they performed ultrasound-guided vascular access,performed a TTE immediately after device deployment and 4 h after deployment to detect complications,obtained serial electrocardiogram’s to mainly assess QRS intervals,ambulated patients after 4 h,and performed serial lower extremity pulse checks.In their case series,there were no new conduction abnormalities detected and all patients were followed up on days 1 and 2 post-procedure.They had no deaths or re-admissions within 24 d of the procedure[31].

    Raiet al[32] reported their experience of SDD based on 6 patients with severe symptomatic AS or bioprosthetic valve dysfunction and proposed an SDD protocol.Since the major barrier to discharge patients after TAVR is related to new or worsening conduction abnormalities,they hypothesized that having a pre-procedure PPM or discharge with real-time continuous monitoring could allow for safe SDD.In their case series,they included patients that had predictors of next-day discharge after TAVR based on previous analyses[30].In a recent study,rapid atrial pacing using the temporary pacing wire used for ventricular standstill during TAVR deployment while in the right atrium,had a 99% negative predictive value for pacemaker implantation after TAVR if no Wenckebach phenomenon developed at a heart rate of 120 bpm[33].Raiet al[32] utilized this method in one of their patients and proposed its use prior to SDD in all patients without chronic AF,pre-existing PPM,or pre-existing AV block.Additionally,all patients had pre-procedure and post-procedure ECGs performed and if there was a pre- existing right bundle branch block (RBBB) or new AV conduction disturbances,patients were admitted overnight for observation.Otherwise,if patients had a pre-procedure PPM,unchanged ECG from baseline,and no Wenckebach on rapid atrial pacing,they were considered for SDD after 4 h of observation given lack of vascular access site complications.Despite one of their patients developing Wenckebach at 110 bpm,he was discharged on the same day due to a low positive predictive value of the finding and the lack of other conduction abnormalities noted.All six patients were followed with continuous rhythm monitoring for seven days and followed up in person the next day.Based on their experience,they recommend patients with a baseline RBBB not be considered for SDD,as it is one of the strongest predictors for pacemaker need following TAVR[34],additionally,patients who develop a new left bundle branch block after TAVR should be kept overnight for monitoring.Of note,all 6 patients in their series underwent balloon-expandable valve replacements and these recommendations could not be generalized to patients undergoing TAVR utilizing a self-expandable system,as there has been evidence suggesting higher PPM implantation in these patients[35].

    The largest study regarding SDD in TAVR was conducted by Perdoncinet al[6],in which they report on 29 consecutive SDD TAVR procedures at their center and compared outcomes to patients who underwent TAVR at their center that were non-SDD,who could have qualified for SDD based on their devised protocol.They considered patients with an EF > 30%,hemoglobin > 10,INR < 2,those who received a contrast load < 3 times the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR),without new or worsening conduction abnormalities,or hemodynamic instability for SDD.The primary outcome was to compare 30 d mortality,PPM implantation,stroke,and cardiovascular-related admissions in SDD patients and non-SDD patients.They compared 29 SDD patients to 128 patients that were non-SDD who currently met their protocol for SDD and were fairly similar with regards to baseline characteristics.Procedural characteristics were similar in both groups and all cases were performedviatrans-femoral access under conscious sedation.Post-procedure,both groups had no in-hospital complications.At 30 d,there were no deaths,the rate of stroke was 0.6%,and delayed PPM implantation was also 0.6% in both groups combined.They noted a trend towards a higher rate of cardiovascular re-admissions in the non-SDD group compared to the SDD group.One patient in the non-SDD group was re-admitted for highgrade AV block requiring PPM implantation.Of note,both self-expanding and balloon expanding valves were used with a trend towards higher use of self-expanding valves in the SDD group.However,further studies are required to determine the feasibility of the use of self- expanding valves for SDD TAVR procedures given the potential concern of outward sub-annular radial force and risk of delayed conduction changes[36].

    Overall,based on the prior studies the main concern for SDD in TAVR is related to new or worsening conduction abnormalities that could arise during or after the procedure.All patients considered being candidates for SDD should be identified early during a ”heart team” multi-disciplinary discussion and deemed suitable based on pre-procedure pre- requisites.All patients with a baseline RBBB,new highgrade AV block after the procedure,new inter-ventricular conduction delay,or Wenckebach on right atrial pacing after valve deployment should be admitted overnight for inpatient observation.If considered for SDD,all patients must be willing to go home,have no vascular access complications after initial observation,have close follow-up arranged,and be sent home with a real-time rhythm monitor to detect arrhythmias.We present a proposed protocol for SDD following TAVR in Figure 1.

    Figure 1 Proposed algorithm for same day discharge for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

    PFO/ASD CLOSURE

    ASDs are one of the most common congenital heart defects found in the general population.Unrepaired ASDs can result in various cardiopulmonary adverse events such as arrhythmias,pulmonary hypertension,and paradoxical embolization.Current adult congenital heart disease guidelines recommend ASD closure in carefully selected patients with hemodynamic instability or clinical consequences resulting from their long- standing intra-cardiac shunting[37].Additionally,up to 50% of patients with a cryptogenic stroke have been found to have an associated PFO[38].The first three randomized controlled trials CLOSURE I,PC,and RESPECT failed to show any statistical significance in secondary stroke prevention[39-41].More recent studies,however,have demonstrated that in carefully selected patients,PFO closure is preferable to medical therapy for secondary stroke prevention of cryptogenic strokes in patients with PFO[42,43].In a review article published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology,authors proposed a clinical pathway to aid in the appropriate selection of patients that should undergo PFO closure based on randomized trials showing benefit[38].

    The PFO closure procedure is usually done as a day case procedure using one of only two FDA approved devices in the United States; the Gore Cardioform Septal Occluder (W.L.Gore and Associates,Inc,Newark,DE,United States) or the Amplatzer PFO Occluder (Abbott Structural,Santa Clara,CA,United States).The procedure is done under fluoroscopic and echocardiographic guidance in the form of TEE or intracardiac echocardiography (ICE)viafemoral vein access.

    In a single-center,retrospective study of 53 consecutive patients the safety and feasibility of SDD in PFO closure using ICE was evaluated[44].In this study,a 12 Fr sheath for the occluder device and an 11 Fr sheath for the ICE probe were inserted into the femoral vein using only local anesthetic and light sedation.In this study 5 of the 53 patients were found to not have PFO by ICE.The remaining 48 patients underwent successful PFO closure with the HELEX occluder (GORE,Flagstaff,AZ,n= 47) and the Amplatzer device (AGA medical corporation,Golden Valley,MN,n= 1).SDD candidates had to ambulate successfully following the procedure and undergo TTE prior to discharge to confirm appropriate device placement.Appropriate device positioning was confirmed on all 48 patients.Only 1 patient failed SDD due to groin hematoma requiring observation overnight and was discharged the following day.No other complications were reported.Patients were scheduled for a three-month TTE follow-up to assess for any residual shunting.At three months follow up,45/48 (94%) had no residual shunt.

    In a nonrandomized,retrospective,single-center observational study Barkeret al[45] analyzed periprocedural outcomes of 467 patients undergoing PFO closure.All patients underwent closure with the Amplatzer PFO Occluder; 381 patients underwent fluoroscopy-only occlusion and 86 patients with ICE guidance.ICE guidance was used as a backup modality and limited to complex atrial septal anatomy as seen on TEE.There was no significant difference in periprocedural complications between the fluoroscopy-only and ICE group.SDD occurred in 97.6% of all patients; 98.2% and 95.3% in the fluoroscopy and ICE group respectively (P= 0.246).Complete closure was seen in 94.6% of patients at the three-month TTE follow-up.There was no significant difference in death,30-day readmission,device thrombosis,and stroke/TIA between the fluoroscopy-only and ICE group.As of the writing of this article,the literature review reveals only one prospective case series proposing a SDD clinical pathway for patients undergoing ASD/PFO closure[46].Prerequisites for SDD following PFO closure in their study includes hemodynamic stability and the ability to ambulate 2 h post- procedure.Patients are permitted to go home 1-hour post mobilization with a 6-month TEE follow-up and 6 months of antithrombotic therapy based on the device placed.In their study of 187 patients that underwent PFO/ASD closure (PFO = 117,ASD = 70); SDD occurred in 99.4% of cases.There were no major complications,and a 6-month TEE revealed no residual shunt in 96% of patients[46].

    FUTURE SCOPE

    Adopting a standardized method for same-day discharges will help reduce adverse events.However,as most of the evidence available to date comes from case series and retrospective studies,there is a need for larger prospective studies to be undertaken to validate the safety of SDD across a greater cohort of patients undergoing structural intervention cardiac procedures,to be reflected in the guidelines,before it becomes the standard of care.

    CONCLUSlON

    Same-day discharge appears to be feasible in appropriately selected patients undergoing TAVR,Mitraclip,LAA,ASD/PFO closure.Safe same-day discharge has the potential to not only reduce hospital costs but also improve patient satisfaction.The availability of a “heart team” consisting of a multidisciplinary group of providers to identify suitable patients for SDD is prudent.Additionally,only centers with significant volume and experience performing complex structural procedures should consider SDD in their pre-selected suitable patients.We propose an algorithm to facilitate SDD following structural intervention procedures based on the review of available literature (Figure 2,central figure).We also provide a framework checklist to consider when adopting a SDD approach at centers performing structural intervention procedures along with a summary of previous studies with SDD with structural heart procedures (Tables 1 and 2).

    FOOTNOTES

    Author contributions:Asbeutah A,Avila Vega J,Junaid M and Efeobokhan N contributed to the literature review,manuscript drafting,and table generation; Khouzam N and Ibebuogu U critically reviewed the manuscript and provided supervision.

    Conflict-of-interest statement:There is no conflict of interest associated with any of the senior author or other coauthors contributed their efforts in this manuscript.

    Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers.It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BYNC 4.0) license,which permits others to distribute,remix,adapt,build upon this work non-commercially,and license their derivative works on different terms,provided the original work is properly cited and the use is noncommercial.See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

    Country/Territory of origin: United States

    ORClD number:Abdulaziz A Asbeutah 0000-0001-7980-2580; Muhammad Junaid 0000-0002-1720-3790; Fatima Hassan 0000-0002-3573-1140; Jesus Avila Vega 0000-0002-2289-0943; Nephertiti Efeovbokhan 0000-0001-8262-2003; Rami N Khouzam 0000-0001-6224-2126; Uzoma N Ibebuogu 0000-0002-1789-8254.

    S-Editor: Ma YJ

    L-Editor: A

    P-Editor: Ma YJ

    男人和女人高潮做爰伦理| 丰满的人妻完整版| 国产伦在线观看视频一区| 男女视频在线观看网站免费| 人人妻人人澡欧美一区二区| 国产在视频线在精品| 午夜老司机福利剧场| 丁香欧美五月| 99久久九九国产精品国产免费| 久久伊人香网站| 亚洲人成伊人成综合网2020| 最后的刺客免费高清国语| 久久这里只有精品中国| 内射极品少妇av片p| 窝窝影院91人妻| 国产极品精品免费视频能看的| 尤物成人国产欧美一区二区三区| 日本一二三区视频观看| 亚洲熟妇熟女久久| 婷婷精品国产亚洲av在线| 搞女人的毛片| 欧美中文日本在线观看视频| 久久亚洲真实| 久久久成人免费电影| 亚洲电影在线观看av| 人妻久久中文字幕网| 日韩欧美精品免费久久 | or卡值多少钱| 午夜影院日韩av| 欧美精品啪啪一区二区三区| 亚洲男人的天堂狠狠| 久久久久国内视频| 88av欧美| 精品国产三级普通话版| 亚洲av.av天堂| 长腿黑丝高跟| 乱人视频在线观看| а√天堂www在线а√下载| 天天躁日日操中文字幕| 天天躁日日操中文字幕| 亚洲欧美日韩高清专用| 国产亚洲欧美98| 久久精品国产99精品国产亚洲性色| 久久精品91蜜桃| 小蜜桃在线观看免费完整版高清| 国产aⅴ精品一区二区三区波| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 国产亚洲欧美98| 国内精品久久久久久久电影| 美女 人体艺术 gogo| 桃色一区二区三区在线观看| 一级黄片播放器| 97超级碰碰碰精品色视频在线观看| 成人av在线播放网站| 久久久久国内视频| 桃红色精品国产亚洲av| 久久九九热精品免费| 国产精华一区二区三区| 欧美xxxx黑人xx丫x性爽| 亚洲av第一区精品v没综合| 听说在线观看完整版免费高清| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产| 九九久久精品国产亚洲av麻豆| 色在线成人网| 日本 av在线| 国产午夜精品久久久久久一区二区三区 | 国产亚洲精品久久久com| 女人十人毛片免费观看3o分钟| 在线观看午夜福利视频| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 久久久国产成人免费| 简卡轻食公司| 亚洲精品456在线播放app | 久久久色成人| 久久性视频一级片| 久久午夜福利片| 俺也久久电影网| 69av精品久久久久久| 有码 亚洲区| 国产免费av片在线观看野外av| 2021天堂中文幕一二区在线观| 国产视频一区二区在线看| 亚洲国产日韩欧美精品在线观看| 欧洲精品卡2卡3卡4卡5卡区| 99热这里只有是精品50| 日韩欧美国产在线观看| 久久久精品大字幕| 亚洲av不卡在线观看| 久久精品国产99精品国产亚洲性色| 国产成人av教育| 桃色一区二区三区在线观看| 欧洲精品卡2卡3卡4卡5卡区| 日本在线视频免费播放| 老司机午夜十八禁免费视频| 精品一区二区三区视频在线| 亚洲最大成人手机在线| 搡老妇女老女人老熟妇| 欧美激情在线99| av在线天堂中文字幕| 日本a在线网址| 少妇裸体淫交视频免费看高清| 久久6这里有精品| 嫩草影院入口| 岛国在线免费视频观看| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 天堂√8在线中文| АⅤ资源中文在线天堂| 丰满乱子伦码专区| 一个人免费在线观看电影| 午夜亚洲福利在线播放| 男女之事视频高清在线观看| 丝袜美腿在线中文| 亚洲精华国产精华精| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 十八禁人妻一区二区| 国产成人aa在线观看| aaaaa片日本免费| 国产v大片淫在线免费观看| 精品日产1卡2卡| 性欧美人与动物交配| 一级av片app| 在线看三级毛片| 成年免费大片在线观看| 两人在一起打扑克的视频| 国产麻豆成人av免费视频| 很黄的视频免费| 老司机午夜福利在线观看视频| 欧美日韩亚洲国产一区二区在线观看| 别揉我奶头 嗯啊视频| 中文字幕久久专区| 日韩欧美国产在线观看| 日日夜夜操网爽| 亚洲无线观看免费| 国产精品一区二区三区四区免费观看 | 麻豆成人av在线观看| 欧美最新免费一区二区三区 | 麻豆国产97在线/欧美| 国产av不卡久久| 国产三级黄色录像| 久久精品综合一区二区三区| 亚洲性夜色夜夜综合| 51午夜福利影视在线观看| av视频在线观看入口| 久久久久久久午夜电影| 亚洲av熟女| 一级黄片播放器| 蜜桃久久精品国产亚洲av| 看片在线看免费视频| 亚洲午夜理论影院| 欧美日本视频| 日韩国内少妇激情av| 国产视频一区二区在线看| 亚洲专区中文字幕在线| 色噜噜av男人的天堂激情| 日韩欧美一区二区三区在线观看| 国产91精品成人一区二区三区| 黄片小视频在线播放| 天堂√8在线中文| 亚洲18禁久久av| 少妇的逼好多水| 床上黄色一级片| 亚洲性夜色夜夜综合| 亚洲七黄色美女视频| 欧美黑人巨大hd| 成人无遮挡网站| 可以在线观看的亚洲视频| 成年免费大片在线观看| 亚洲欧美精品综合久久99| 亚洲久久久久久中文字幕| 国产色婷婷99| 亚洲国产精品合色在线| 黄色日韩在线| 我的老师免费观看完整版| 3wmmmm亚洲av在线观看| 哪里可以看免费的av片| 99国产综合亚洲精品| 最近最新免费中文字幕在线| 青草久久国产| 一级黄片播放器| 国产成人啪精品午夜网站| 又黄又爽又刺激的免费视频.| 男女那种视频在线观看| 中文字幕av在线有码专区| 国产伦一二天堂av在线观看| 三级国产精品欧美在线观看| 国产精品av视频在线免费观看| 欧美日韩乱码在线| 三级毛片av免费| 国产色婷婷99| 亚洲 欧美 日韩 在线 免费| 午夜a级毛片| 岛国在线免费视频观看| 久久99热6这里只有精品| 色尼玛亚洲综合影院| 脱女人内裤的视频| 好看av亚洲va欧美ⅴa在| 久久久久国产精品人妻aⅴ院| 一个人看的www免费观看视频| 欧美一区二区精品小视频在线| 成人国产综合亚洲| 亚洲精品在线美女| 一级a爱片免费观看的视频| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三| 久久久久久大精品| 性插视频无遮挡在线免费观看| 一本一本综合久久| 女人被狂操c到高潮| av黄色大香蕉| 18+在线观看网站| 欧美乱色亚洲激情| h日本视频在线播放| 成人特级黄色片久久久久久久| 国产精品综合久久久久久久免费| 此物有八面人人有两片| 久久精品久久久久久噜噜老黄 | 日韩欧美免费精品| 一区二区三区免费毛片| 精品一区二区三区视频在线| 色视频www国产| 亚洲男人的天堂狠狠| 国产大屁股一区二区在线视频| 成人美女网站在线观看视频| 中文字幕人妻熟人妻熟丝袜美| 少妇人妻精品综合一区二区 | 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 国产91精品成人一区二区三区| 欧美性猛交黑人性爽| 日本 欧美在线| 简卡轻食公司| 亚洲第一欧美日韩一区二区三区| 精品久久久久久久久久免费视频| 人人妻人人看人人澡| .国产精品久久| 久久热精品热| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 久久久久久久久久黄片| 琪琪午夜伦伦电影理论片6080| 欧美一区二区亚洲| 男人的好看免费观看在线视频| 国产麻豆成人av免费视频| 内地一区二区视频在线| 国产欧美日韩精品一区二区| 亚洲经典国产精华液单 | 日本 欧美在线| 亚洲成人久久爱视频| 精品久久久久久成人av| 精品国内亚洲2022精品成人| 在线十欧美十亚洲十日本专区| 亚洲第一区二区三区不卡| 美女大奶头视频| 高清日韩中文字幕在线| 日韩欧美免费精品| 免费观看的影片在线观看| 亚洲第一电影网av| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 亚洲国产精品合色在线| 91字幕亚洲| 丰满的人妻完整版| 噜噜噜噜噜久久久久久91| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 久久久久性生活片| 国产色爽女视频免费观看| 99久久精品一区二区三区| 免费av不卡在线播放| 12—13女人毛片做爰片一| 男人舔女人下体高潮全视频| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密| 日韩欧美精品免费久久 | 白带黄色成豆腐渣| 亚洲 国产 在线| 久久精品影院6| 免费人成视频x8x8入口观看| x7x7x7水蜜桃| 美女被艹到高潮喷水动态| 夜夜看夜夜爽夜夜摸| 亚洲精品一区av在线观看| 亚洲18禁久久av| 成人无遮挡网站| 国产精品永久免费网站| 老司机深夜福利视频在线观看| 国产精品一区二区性色av| 久久国产乱子伦精品免费另类| 亚洲熟妇熟女久久| 最后的刺客免费高清国语| 在线看三级毛片| 精品久久久久久久人妻蜜臀av| 国产精品亚洲一级av第二区| 深夜a级毛片| 深爱激情五月婷婷| 熟女人妻精品中文字幕| 国产色爽女视频免费观看| 国产精品98久久久久久宅男小说| 国产精品久久久久久亚洲av鲁大| 婷婷六月久久综合丁香| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 老司机午夜福利在线观看视频| 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频| 麻豆成人av在线观看| 日韩欧美精品v在线| a级毛片免费高清观看在线播放| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 成熟少妇高潮喷水视频| 国产探花极品一区二区| 亚洲精品亚洲一区二区| 黄片小视频在线播放| 精品免费久久久久久久清纯| 黄色视频,在线免费观看| 禁无遮挡网站| 欧美日韩亚洲国产一区二区在线观看| 国产激情偷乱视频一区二区| 全区人妻精品视频| 美女大奶头视频| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 日韩 亚洲 欧美在线| 国产在线精品亚洲第一网站| 免费av不卡在线播放| 草草在线视频免费看| 狠狠狠狠99中文字幕| 欧美3d第一页| 九色国产91popny在线| 国产老妇女一区| 黄色女人牲交| 最近中文字幕高清免费大全6 | 国产欧美日韩一区二区三| 欧美成人性av电影在线观看| 午夜激情福利司机影院| 美女被艹到高潮喷水动态| 国产高清视频在线播放一区| 欧美黑人欧美精品刺激| 亚洲精华国产精华精| 老司机福利观看| 国产成+人综合+亚洲专区| 久久国产乱子伦精品免费另类| a级毛片免费高清观看在线播放| 男插女下体视频免费在线播放| 国产av一区在线观看免费| 伦理电影大哥的女人| 中文字幕人成人乱码亚洲影| 一个人免费在线观看电影| 国产成人欧美在线观看| 日本熟妇午夜| 男女下面进入的视频免费午夜| 色播亚洲综合网| 欧美成人免费av一区二区三区| 757午夜福利合集在线观看| 97人妻精品一区二区三区麻豆| 俄罗斯特黄特色一大片| 男人狂女人下面高潮的视频| 欧美精品啪啪一区二区三区| 午夜福利18| 女人十人毛片免费观看3o分钟| 色综合欧美亚洲国产小说| 白带黄色成豆腐渣| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产| 精品久久久久久久末码| 蜜桃久久精品国产亚洲av| 99精品在免费线老司机午夜| 国产精品综合久久久久久久免费| 男女床上黄色一级片免费看| 久久久久国内视频| 最近最新中文字幕大全电影3| 一区二区三区激情视频| 精品一区二区免费观看| 嫩草影院入口| 精品人妻一区二区三区麻豆 | 波多野结衣巨乳人妻| 女人十人毛片免费观看3o分钟| 蜜桃亚洲精品一区二区三区| 激情在线观看视频在线高清| 日韩欧美精品v在线| 51午夜福利影视在线观看| 欧美3d第一页| 搞女人的毛片| 在线观看一区二区三区| 男女视频在线观看网站免费| 欧美国产日韩亚洲一区| 国产视频一区二区在线看| 他把我摸到了高潮在线观看| 中国美女看黄片| 可以在线观看毛片的网站| 国产高清激情床上av| 久久性视频一级片| 成人永久免费在线观看视频| 亚洲国产精品999在线| 欧美一区二区亚洲| 久久99热6这里只有精品| 一本综合久久免费| 一级a爱片免费观看的视频| 一夜夜www| 国内久久婷婷六月综合欲色啪| 欧美日韩综合久久久久久 | 天堂av国产一区二区熟女人妻| 亚洲综合色惰| 色综合欧美亚洲国产小说| 好男人电影高清在线观看| 一本久久中文字幕| 久久久久国产精品人妻aⅴ院| 日本精品一区二区三区蜜桃| 日本撒尿小便嘘嘘汇集6| 在线观看免费视频日本深夜| 乱人视频在线观看| 亚洲三级黄色毛片| 精品人妻视频免费看| 国产麻豆成人av免费视频| 亚洲va日本ⅴa欧美va伊人久久| 国产精品日韩av在线免费观看| 高清在线国产一区| 亚洲自拍偷在线| 亚洲成av人片免费观看| 亚洲人成网站高清观看| 成人av一区二区三区在线看| 淫秽高清视频在线观看| 国产精品伦人一区二区| 国产一区二区三区视频了| 女人十人毛片免费观看3o分钟| 亚洲三级黄色毛片| av欧美777| 午夜精品久久久久久毛片777| 国产午夜精品论理片| АⅤ资源中文在线天堂| 一级av片app| 国内精品美女久久久久久| 91久久精品国产一区二区成人| 国产精品人妻久久久久久| 日韩欧美三级三区| 特大巨黑吊av在线直播| 精品人妻1区二区| 国产精华一区二区三区| 在线十欧美十亚洲十日本专区| 亚洲自偷自拍三级| 亚洲av电影不卡..在线观看| 亚洲精品亚洲一区二区| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一小说| 成人永久免费在线观看视频| 精品久久久久久久久av| 亚洲国产精品久久男人天堂| 三级国产精品欧美在线观看| 天美传媒精品一区二区| 日日夜夜操网爽| 精华霜和精华液先用哪个| 午夜精品久久久久久毛片777| 麻豆成人av在线观看| 两个人视频免费观看高清| 啦啦啦韩国在线观看视频| 精品久久久久久久久亚洲 | 有码 亚洲区| 乱码一卡2卡4卡精品| 色综合亚洲欧美另类图片| 色综合欧美亚洲国产小说| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 老司机午夜十八禁免费视频| 久久精品国产自在天天线| 久久久成人免费电影| 精华霜和精华液先用哪个| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 动漫黄色视频在线观看| 美女cb高潮喷水在线观看| 国产成人啪精品午夜网站| av黄色大香蕉| 国产真实伦视频高清在线观看 | 中亚洲国语对白在线视频| 99国产精品一区二区三区| 乱人视频在线观看| 亚洲欧美日韩高清在线视频| 色综合亚洲欧美另类图片| 日本三级黄在线观看| 日本与韩国留学比较| 美女 人体艺术 gogo| 神马国产精品三级电影在线观看| 少妇人妻精品综合一区二区 | 亚洲av成人不卡在线观看播放网| 日韩亚洲欧美综合| 国产精品一区二区三区四区免费观看 | 国产成人福利小说| 久久伊人香网站| 久久精品夜夜夜夜夜久久蜜豆| 欧美极品一区二区三区四区| 亚洲精品日韩av片在线观看| 一级黄片播放器| 男人舔奶头视频| 在线免费观看不下载黄p国产 | 国产真实伦视频高清在线观看 | 免费黄网站久久成人精品 | 精品久久久久久成人av| 久久人人精品亚洲av| bbb黄色大片| 日韩欧美 国产精品| 久久久久九九精品影院| 成人永久免费在线观看视频| 国产亚洲欧美在线一区二区| 波多野结衣巨乳人妻| 精品午夜福利在线看| 亚洲美女搞黄在线观看 | 好看av亚洲va欧美ⅴa在| 淫秽高清视频在线观看| 人妻丰满熟妇av一区二区三区| 长腿黑丝高跟| 国产又黄又爽又无遮挡在线| 亚洲,欧美精品.| 男女那种视频在线观看| 搡女人真爽免费视频火全软件 | 日本与韩国留学比较| 成年免费大片在线观看| 亚洲精品在线观看二区| 美女 人体艺术 gogo| 日韩精品青青久久久久久| 一级黄片播放器| 亚洲精品亚洲一区二区| 18禁黄网站禁片午夜丰满| 国内少妇人妻偷人精品xxx网站| 日本一二三区视频观看| 黄色日韩在线| 亚洲欧美日韩卡通动漫| 国产探花在线观看一区二区| 女生性感内裤真人,穿戴方法视频| 看免费av毛片| 九九热线精品视视频播放| 国产精品人妻久久久久久| 欧美性猛交╳xxx乱大交人| 可以在线观看毛片的网站| 日韩欧美在线乱码| 亚洲国产欧洲综合997久久,| 欧洲精品卡2卡3卡4卡5卡区| 男人舔女人下体高潮全视频| 国产精品久久电影中文字幕| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产| 日本一本二区三区精品| 久久精品影院6| 成人精品一区二区免费| 中文字幕熟女人妻在线| 日韩欧美国产在线观看| 国产高清视频在线观看网站| 国产综合懂色| 国产一区二区在线av高清观看| 成人精品一区二区免费| 丰满乱子伦码专区| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 我要看日韩黄色一级片| 韩国av一区二区三区四区| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 欧美高清成人免费视频www| 俄罗斯特黄特色一大片| 麻豆国产av国片精品| 亚洲专区国产一区二区| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 欧美最新免费一区二区三区 | 18美女黄网站色大片免费观看| 国产乱人伦免费视频| 嫩草影院入口| 白带黄色成豆腐渣| 精品免费久久久久久久清纯| 757午夜福利合集在线观看| 69av精品久久久久久| 三级男女做爰猛烈吃奶摸视频| 男女视频在线观看网站免费| 欧美不卡视频在线免费观看| 最近最新免费中文字幕在线| 日本成人三级电影网站| 男女视频在线观看网站免费| 网址你懂的国产日韩在线| 色播亚洲综合网| 人妻制服诱惑在线中文字幕| 亚洲欧美日韩卡通动漫| 欧美最新免费一区二区三区 | 亚洲第一电影网av| 婷婷六月久久综合丁香| 又爽又黄a免费视频| 88av欧美| 99久久精品一区二区三区| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密| 日韩欧美在线乱码| 天美传媒精品一区二区| 网址你懂的国产日韩在线| 性色avwww在线观看| 两个人的视频大全免费| 国产人妻一区二区三区在| 亚洲av成人不卡在线观看播放网| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 18禁黄网站禁片免费观看直播| 99久国产av精品| 草草在线视频免费看| 天堂影院成人在线观看| 亚洲国产欧洲综合997久久,| 国内精品久久久久精免费| 免费av毛片视频| 精品午夜福利视频在线观看一区| 国产精品影院久久| 国内精品久久久久久久电影| 午夜影院日韩av| 又爽又黄a免费视频| 一a级毛片在线观看| 国产日本99.免费观看| 动漫黄色视频在线观看| 欧美在线一区亚洲| 成人精品一区二区免费| 国产成人福利小说| 国产午夜精品论理片| 听说在线观看完整版免费高清| 成人鲁丝片一二三区免费| 好男人电影高清在线观看| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频| 亚洲精品在线美女| 桃红色精品国产亚洲av| 成人毛片a级毛片在线播放| 国产中年淑女户外野战色| 人人妻人人澡欧美一区二区| 99久国产av精品| 高清日韩中文字幕在线| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添小说| 久久久精品欧美日韩精品| 99久久九九国产精品国产免费| 久久久久国内视频| 12—13女人毛片做爰片一| 两人在一起打扑克的视频|