Module 4 Great Scientists

跟蹤導練（一）

閱讀理解

Once Wilhelm K. Roentgen and several other scientists were experimenting with passing electric currents through certain gases in a special glass tube from which the air had been taken away. Then one day Roentgen noticed that though the tube was covered with black paper， some strange kinds of radiation （輻射） were coming through and making a screen nearby give out light. Roentgen could see nothing out of the tube. But then he discovered that if he put the screen in the next room on the other side of the closed door， the rays still seemed to affect it. The screen showed that the rays could pass not only through the black paper but also through wood.

The next thing he found out was that if he put his hands between the rays and a photographic plate， the rays would print a shadow of the bone framework of his hands on the plate. In fact， the rays could pass as easily through the fleshy （肉的） part of his hand as through the black paper， but hardly at all through the bone. So Roentgen made the first X-ray picture of a hand showing just how the bones in the hand fitted together.

Roentgen called these unknown rays X-rays， but other scientists called them Roentgen rays in honor of the man who first found them.

1. What was in the special glass tube？

A. Air.?? B. Water.? C. Gases.? D. Paper.

2. According to this text， Roentgen discovered X-rays .

A. by accident????? B. through his hard work

C. by doing lots of experiments?? D. with the help of several other scientists

3. What can X-rays hardly pass through？

A. Wood.? B. Bones.? C. Flesh.? D. Black paper.

4. What can be the best title for the text？

A. The Discovery of X-rays??? B. The First X-ray Picture of a Hand

C. The Discovery of Electric Currents? D. The Use of Rays and Photographic Plates

閱讀七選五

The best form of exercise is walking. Casual walk for thirty to forty minutes can do wonders for the body.1 Displayed below are reasons.

Help to burn calories （卡路里）.

A daily walk routine can help to burn calories. Walking for thirty minutes a day can help to burn about three to four hundred calories per day. A daily walk helps to burn 100 calories per mile.

2

Help to improve energy level.

There could be a possibility of drying up with other stressful forms of exercises. This is not possible with walking.3 With burning calories， it helps to stay active and fit throughout the day.

4

Walking helps to decrease the risk of health related diseases and infections. In fact， with weight loss it helps to maintain a normal heart rate. Walking burns fat and helps to strengthen the immune （免疫的） system of the body.

Help in planning.

5 It doesn't like gym and other types of exercises. There is no proper planning required for walking. The progress is easy to track; there are many smart apps which are available for walk and weight loss. It helps to keep a track on calories burned to lose weight.

A. Help to stay energetic.

B. Help to reduce health risks.

C. Walking doesn't cost much.

D. It is best to walk daily to keep a good body shape.

E. Walking is an easy way to exercise and benefits us a lot.

F. Walking helps in weight loss， and it improves your energy.

G. Starting a weight loss plan is easy， but continuing with the plan is difficult.

1.2.3.4.5.

跟蹤導練（二）

完形填空

I can remember watching the animal documentaries on PBS when I was growing up. There was something about the wild that was 1. In spite of my love of the society of lions， nothing 2 me more than the speed and agility of an antelope （羚羊）.

In one documentary， the lions 3 their prey of choice and with every piece of artistic talent the producer had he tried to indicate that it was all over for this 4 antelope. The lions were in 5 and the first female lion made a sudden powerful movement for the 6 of the antelope. The antelope 7 in her current position and the lion must have miscalculated because she 8 her neck by centimeters. Without a 9 of hesitation （猶豫） the antelope exploded with such force and 10 that the other lions drew back and 11 trying to play catch-up.

The lions were 12 than the antelope， and they were smart. When they got close enough to the antelope， they 13 one of their paws to trip the 14 animal. Now I don't know if this antelope had one of those rear-view mirrors （后視鏡） but every time a lion got close she would change direction， 15.

When pressure came from a different 16 she changed direction. When she could feel the 17 of her pursuers on her neck she changed direction. She ran until they stopped running after her. This antelope had 18. She was running for her life.

If you feel 19 and things are not going the way they should， change 20. Be the antelope. Run for your life.

1. A. confusing? B. interesting? C. disappointing? D. encouraging

2. A. changed? B. impressed?? C. satisfied?? D. reminded

3. A. picked? B. treated?? C. made?? D. killed

4. A. curious? B. different?? C. careful?? D. poor

5. A. danger? B. surprise?? C. position?? D. demand

6. A. horn?? B. neck??? C. foot??? D. fur

7. A. slept?? B. jumped?? C. grew??? D. froze

8. A. caught? B. forgot?? C. missed?? D. watched

9. A. second? B. minute?? C. day??? D. week

10. A. excitement? B. speed?? C. distance?? D. resolution

11. A. ended up? B. gave up?? C. felt like?? D. insisted on

12. A. slower? B. luckier?? C. safer??? D. faster

13. A. gathered? B. swung?? C. covered?? D. protected

14. A. dying? B. passing?? C. running?? D. promising

15. A. violently? B. secretly?? C. gently?? D. gradually

16. A. symbol? B. team??? C. way??? D. style

17. A. height? B. breath?? C. sight??? D. voice

18. A. purpose? B. value?? C. pleasure?? D. enthusiasm

19. A. fun?? B. anger?? C. courage?? D. pressure

20. A. mind? B. standard?? C. direction?? D. attitude

跟蹤導練（三）

閱讀理解

A

Here are some great museums you shouldn't miss if you visit Europe one day.

Tate Museum， London

It is Britain's national museum. It exhibits international modern and present-day art where you can view artwork from Matisse， Picasso， Dali， Pollock， and countless others. With about 4.7 million visitors yearly， the museum is the most visited modern art gallery across the globe.

Museo Nacional del Prado， Madrid

Considered as an important landmark in Madrid's art history， it holds a collection of paintings that includes artwork by the biggest names in European art from the 16th to the 19th century. Also， you will find collections of drawings， prints and sculptures and lots of examples of decorative （裝飾性的） arts and historical documents.

Uffizi Gallery， Florence

Considered a must-see in Florence， the Uffizi Gallery displays works from all the major Renaissance artists . It is packed with countless works of beautiful art and statues from the Renaissance period. If you want to visit it， you'd better get your tickets online before going or you'll end up waiting in line for three hours or more.

Louvre Museum， Paris

It is one of the largest museums in the world with 35，000 pieces of art. It is mostly famous for housing the Mona Lisa， The Raft of the Medusa， the Venus de Milo， the Winged Victory of Samothrace， etc. Many people who visit will say that one day is not enough to see everything.

Admission fees： a 2-day pass：?42; a 4-day pass：?56; a 6-day pass：?69.

1. Where should you go to visit the most visited modern art gallery？

A. Paris.? B. Madrid.? C. Florence.? D. London.

2. What should you visit if you are interested in Renaissance art？

A. The Tate Museum.??? B. The Uffizi Gallery.

C. The Louvre Museum.?? D. The Museo Nacional del Prado.

3. How much should a couple pay to visit the Louvre Museum for six days？

A.?69.? B.?84.? C.?112.? D.?138.

B

Most of the time， people wear hats to protect themselves from harsh weather conditions. Hats are also worn to show politeness and as signs of social position. But nowadays， hats， especially women's hats， are much more than that. More exactly， hats have changed into fashion and style symbols by many movie stars. What's more， people now consider many different features when choosing even a simple hat. Many designers point out that， when choosing the right hat， it's important to consider the color of your skin as well as your hair， your height， and the shape of your face.

First of all， the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair. For instance， black hats should be avoided if you are dark skinned. If a purple hat is placed on top of red hair， one will look as attractive as a summer flower. Second， the height of the hat is also an important point. Tall women should not go for hats with tall crowns， just as short women should choose hats with upturned brims （帽檐） to give the look of height. Third， and most importantly， the shape of the face decides the kind of hat one should pick. A small， gentle hat that fits the head looks good on a small face. However， women with big， round faces should choose a different style.

As the saying goes， “Fine feathers make fine birds.” A good hat can not only help your dress but also support your features， so why not choose the best possible one next time you want to be in public？4.What does the underlined word “harsh” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？

A. Good.? B. Poor.? C. Strange.? D. Different.

5. What kind of women would look most attractive according to Paragraph 2？

A. A big-faced woman who wears a small， nice hat.

B. A short red-haired woman who wears a purple hat.

C. A small dark-skinned woman who wears a black hat.

D. A tall woman who wears a hat with a huge upturned brim.

6. What does the last paragraph suggest？

A. Hats can make you look much taller. B. Hats are not as important as character.

C. Hats can help you look better in public. D. Hats are worn on the head to keep warm.

7. What can be the best title for the text？

A. How to Design a Nice Hat??? B. How to Choose a Proper Hat

C. How to Improve Your Features?? D. How to Show Your Social Position

跟蹤導練（四）

完形填空

In 1991， Jane Goodall began Roots and Shoots， a program that encourages young people to work to protect the Earth. TFKKid Reporter Chandler Schaak caught up with Goodall at a Roots and Shoots 1 at Zoo Boise， in Idaho.

Kai Neander， 15， digs saving the Earth.2 president of the Sequoia Park Zoo Roots and Shoots program， in California， he helped plant 564 trees. His group's 3 is to plant 1，000 trees by the end of the year.“ Every little thing you do makes a 4 ， ” he says.

Roots and Shoots 5 young people to volunteer in their communities to help 6 animals and their habitats. Jane Goodall started the 7 in 1991. She is 8 for her study of chimpanzees at Gombe National Park， in Tanzania， East Africa. Today， there are more than 8，000 Roots and Shoots groups in nearly 100 countries.

“I 9 the idea for Roots and Shoots because I met so many young people who had 10 hope，” Goodall told TFK.“This program 11 youths that if they all get together， they can make a difference.”

Tara Adiseshan， a high school senior， hopes to 12 her mark on the natural world. She and other members of the Charlottesville Roots and Shoots Club， in Virginia， began a 13 to save frogs. Tara worked with 14 at James Madison University， also in Virginia， to test a 15 for a deadly fungus that 16 frogs. A cure is now being tested in the 17.

Tara plans to give talks in local schools to raise 18 about the threat to frogs. She also invited a frog expert to 19 at a nature park in her community.

“No matter how many problems we face，” Tara says， “there is still 20 as long as kids like us continue to care.”

1. A. organization? B. group?? C. event??? D. place

2. A. As?? B. Like??? C. With??? D. After

3. A. duty?? B. assignment? C. goal??? D. attempt

4. A. movement? B. reply??? C. difference?? D. purpose

5. A. pays?? B. encourages? C. causes?? D. forces

6. A. feed?? B. teach??? C. keep??? D. save

7. A. program? B. plan??? C. behavior?? D. community

8. A. known? B. excited?? C. anxious?? D. prepared

9. A. put forward? B. gave up?? C. met with?? D. came across

10. A. gained? B. lost??? C. seen??? D. tried

11. A. warns? B. advises?? C. teaches?? D. reminds

12. A. make? B. get??? C. pay??? D. leave

13. A. plan?? B. desire?? C. course?? D. campaign

14. A. volunteers? B. boys??? C. members?? D. scientists

15. A. cure?? B. way??? C. medicine?? D. plant

16. A. attracts? B. meets?? C. threatens?? D. frightens

17. A. field? B. lab??? C. body??? D. disease

18. A. money? B. awareness?? C. price??? D. food

19. A. speak? B. act??? C. operate?? D. show

20. A. chances? B. hope??? C. problems?? D. action

跟蹤導練（五）

閱讀理解

Many scientists first determined they loved science in the classroom. Here are some of them that spend their lives spreading their love of science.

Maria Christoforaki

Christoforaki is a high school student at the Lyceum of Gazi in Greece. In June 2017， she was part of a team from her school that competed in the European CanSat Competition. This is a contest in which teams build models of satellites （衛(wèi)星）. Much creativity is required—and Christoforaki says that is the best part.

Kelly Knight

Knight is a forensic （法醫(yī)的） scientist—someone who uses scientific techniques to help solve crimes. She's a professor at George Mason University in Fairfax， Virginia. But that's not all she does.“I'm also a Zumba instructor and I have my motorcycle license，” she says. She's still working on getting a motorcycle， though.

Sara MacSorley

MacSorley has a degree in science， who doesn't work in a laboratory but is now the director of the Green Street Teaching and Learning Center at Wesleyan University in Middletown， Connecticut. She spends her time promoting education. MacSorley still loves science. She's now working on a coloring book about women in science， technology， engineering and math.

Erin Winick

Winick was a student in mechanical engineering at the University of Florida in Gainesville. As an engineer， she also runs her own company， Sci Chic， making science and engineering-inspired jewelry （珠寶）. Her science creativity also goes beyond jewelry.“I love making and wearing space and science-inspired clothing，” she says.

1. Where does Maria Christoforaki start her love for science？

A. At school. B. At home.? C. In the lab. D. In a company.

2. What is Kelly Knight's hobby？

A. Music.? B. Traveling. C. Motorcycling. D. Clothes design.

3. What was Sara MacSorley trained to be？

A. A teacher. B. A scientist. C. A writer.? D. An engineer.

4. What can we learn about the four women from the text？

A. They have a great love in science.? B. They are working in scientific labs.

C. They are scientists with other skills. D. They started their love in science early.

選詞填空

用方框里單詞的正確形式填空，使其句意完整。有兩個詞是多余的。

publish escape graduate explode convert

lead produce victim part figure agriculture educate

1. A TV set? electric energy into sound and light energy.

2. It is important not to let? levels fall in our factory.

3. Jean's father is a man of little? ， so he doesn't know much to teach her.

4. This country is no longer a（n） country.

5. Tom acted the? part in the play.

6. What you said is? true.

7. My son just? from high school this summer.

8. The? were found lying dead on the river bank.

9. Andy saw the man thief? from the flat gate last night.

10. The news said the criminal who made the? in our city was arrested.

語法填空

A small town in New Zealand has announced a（n）1（usual） plan to ban domestic cats in order to protect native wildlife.

Those who currently own cats will not be forced to give them up， according to the plan.2 ， after their cats pass away， they will not be allowed 3（get） another one. The cats will need to have microchips （芯片） put just below 4 surface of their skin so that they can 5（find） at any time.

Village 6（official） say the plan is needed because domestic cats 7（attack） wild animals in the area now. Because of this， the area's native wildlife is 8（rapid） disappearing.

New Zealand has listed 150 animal species as being seriously endangered and in need of 9（protect）. These animals include a kind of ant 10 only lives under one kind of rock， and a kind of lizard （蜥蜴） that only lives in a certain area.

1.? 2.? 3.? 4.? 5.

6.? 7.? 8.? 9.? 10.

跟蹤導練（六）

短文改錯

It was cold day in winter. An ant were bringing out some corns he had gathered in summer. A grasshopper， who was died of hunger， saw the ant and asked him of some corn. The ant looked at the grasshopper and asked him why he hadn't stored up some in summer. The grasshopper told the ant that he had been very much busy in summer but he hadn't. The ant asked him what he had done. The grasshopper replies that he had sung all summer. The ant said angry to him that he could sing all winter as he had done all summer.

書面表達

假定你是李華。你的英國朋友Mark此前和你約定見面，向你了解中國畫的有關(guān)知識，現(xiàn)你因故需要推遲。請你用英語給Mark寫一封郵件說明情況，內(nèi)容包括：

1.表示歉意;

2.說明原因;

3.重約時間和地點。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：中國畫 traditional Chinese paintings

Science Hero： Jules Verne

科學英雄：儒勒 · 凡爾納

儒勒·凡爾納（ Jules Verne ，1828年2月8日—1905年3月24日），法國小說家、博物學家，現(xiàn)代科幻小說的重要開創(chuàng)者之一。他一生寫了六十多部科幻小說，總題為《在已知和未知的世界漫游》。他因其大量著作和突出貢獻，被譽為“科幻小說之父”。

As a science fiction writer， Jules Verne is our hero. Jules Verne was born in France in 1828 and originally studied to be a lawyer. But he was fascinated with the exploration of nature and the world. Also， he loved writing. In his writing he was able to bring scientific ideas to a general audience. If he were alive today， he'd probably be writing for us.

Jules Verne also wanted to challenge people to think about new things that science could bring them. His stories were full of fantastic machines， but they were always things that could in principle be constructed. Because of this combination of knowledge and imagination， he was able to anticipate many things that now actually exist.

For example， you may know that in his novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea， Verne imagined an enclosed boat that could travel underwater—what we now call a submarine. But did you know that on board his submarine he put another imaginary device， the electric stove？ Or that he was one of the first to suggest putting people inside a giant bullet and firing it at the moon？ That's not quite how we got there， but the principle is much the same.

作為一名科幻小說作者，儒勒·凡爾納是我們的英雄。他于1828年出生在法國，起初他是學習法律的。但他對探索自然和世界十分著迷，而且他喜歡寫作。在他的作品中，他能將科學概念帶給讀者。如果他還活著，他很可能還在為我們創(chuàng)作。

儒勒·凡爾納也想挑戰(zhàn)人們?nèi)ニ伎伎茖W可能帶給他們的新事物。他的故事中充滿奇妙的機器，但都總是理論上可以創(chuàng)造出來的東西。由于知識和想象力的結(jié)合，他預見了很多現(xiàn)在確實存在的事物。

比如，在凡爾納的《海底兩萬里》中，你可能知道他設(shè)想了一艘可以在海底穿梭的船——我們現(xiàn)在稱之為潛水艇。但你知道在其潛水艇上，他放置了另一件想象的工具——電爐嗎？或者說他是第一個建議把人放在巨型炮彈里，瞄準月球發(fā)射的人之一嗎？雖然我們并不是那樣登上月球的，但理論上大致相同。