Low-Cost and Environmentally Friendly: Green Hydrogen Is Finally Getting Its Day in the Sun

為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，保護(hù)環(huán)境，許多國(guó)家確立了到21世紀(jì)中葉實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零碳排放的目標(biāo)。氫在2021年成為首選的未來(lái)綠色燃料，而使用可再生能源對(duì)水進(jìn)行電解來(lái)提取的綠氫更是受到人們的關(guān)注。

Hydrogen has taken off in 2021 as the future green fuel of choice， with governments and businesses betting big that the universes most abundant element can help fight climate change.

氫在2021年成為首選的未來(lái)綠色燃料，各國(guó)政府和企業(yè)都斷定這種宇宙中最豐富的元素可以幫助應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。

More than $150 billion worth of green hydrogen projects were announced globally in 2020. In total， more than 70 gigawatts of such projects are in development， which could require $250 billion worth of investment by 2040， research firm Rystad Energy estimates.

2020年，全球宣布了總額超過(guò)1500億美元（約合人民幣9830億元）的綠氫項(xiàng)目。據(jù)挪威呂斯塔德能源公司估計(jì)，總共有超過(guò)70千兆瓦的此類(lèi)項(xiàng)目正在開(kāi)發(fā)之中，到2040年可能會(huì)需要2500億美元的投資。

China has set net zero targets for carbon emissions by the year 2060.

中國(guó)已經(jīng)確立了目標(biāo)，目標(biāo)是到2060年實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零碳排放。

While most developed countries along with China and India plan to boost renewable power output， the net zero emission targets are driving a push to find ways to decarbonize industries that cannot be electrified and depend on fossil fuels.

時(shí)值大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家以及中國(guó)和印度都計(jì)劃提高可再生能源產(chǎn)量之際，凈零排放目標(biāo)正推動(dòng)各國(guó)設(shè)法使無(wú)法電氣化而依賴(lài)礦物燃料的行業(yè)脫碳。

The main targets are those sectors that use coal， oil and gas as raw materials， such as in steel-making， cement and fertilizers， and in shipping and aviation.

這主要針對(duì)那些以煤炭、石油和天然氣為原料的產(chǎn)業(yè)，例如煉鋼、水泥和化肥以及航運(yùn)和航空產(chǎn)業(yè)。

To meet that expected demand， powerhouse oil and gas exporters have set out policies to develop production and export of green hydrogen.

為了滿(mǎn)足這一預(yù)期中的需求，各大石油和天然氣出口國(guó)已經(jīng)制定了發(fā)展綠氫生產(chǎn)和出口的政策。

Hydrogen， long used as rocket fuel， is mainly used in oil refining and to produce ammonia for fertilizers. Today it is mostly extracted from natural gas or coal， called grey hydrogen， in processes that emit 830 million tons a year of carbon dioxide， according to the International Energy Agency.

長(zhǎng)期用作火箭燃料的氫主要用于煉油和生產(chǎn)化肥中的氨。國(guó)際能源署稱(chēng)，如今，氫主要從天然氣或煤炭中提取，即所謂灰氫，提取過(guò)程每年排放8.3億噸二氧化碳。

Hydrogen produced from natural gas and which eliminates emissions by capturing and storing the emitted carbon is called blue hydrogen.

天然氣制氫將制造過(guò)程中排放的碳捕獲并儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)，其產(chǎn)品被稱(chēng)為“藍(lán)氫”。

The holy grail is to extract hydrogen from water using electrolysis powered by renewable energy， “green hydrogen”， for under $1.50 per kilogram， to make it competitive with coal， oil and gas.

最令人向往的是以每千克不到1.50美元的成本、使用可再生能源對(duì)水進(jìn)行電解來(lái)提取氫，即“綠氫”，這樣它與煤炭、石油和天然氣相比才能有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

The key costs that have to fall to meet the sub-$1.50 target are the cost of wind and solar power and the cost of electrolyzers， which split water into hydrogen and oxygen.

要實(shí)現(xiàn)綠氫須降至1.50美元以下的目標(biāo)，主要成本包含風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能成本以及電解器成本。電解器的作用是將水分解為氫和氧。

It is estimated that renewable power costs need to fall by around 50% and electrolyzer costs would need to drop by around 75% to meet that target.

據(jù)估計(jì)，要實(shí)現(xiàn)那個(gè)目標(biāo)，可再生能源成本需要降低約50%，電解器成本則需要降低約75%。

Word Study

abundant /?'b?nd?nt/ adj. 大量的;豐盛的;充裕的

Fish are abundant in the lake.

emission /i'm??n/ n. 排放物;散發(fā)物

eliminate /?'l?m?ne?t/ v. 排除;清除;消除

electrolysis /?'lek'tr?l?s?s/ n. 電解

Water can be reduced to oxygen and hydrogen by electrolysis.