中歐班列 助力四川外貿(mào)大發(fā)展

雷怡安

超9500億！海關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示：2021年四川貨物貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口總值9513.6億元，規(guī)模位列全國(guó)第8，較上年同比增長(zhǎng)17.6%，四川外貿(mào)總值再創(chuàng)歷史新高。

亮眼的數(shù)據(jù)背后，中歐班列的功勞當(dāng)仁不讓。自2013年的1206.7億元增至現(xiàn)在2455億元，四川外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總值跟隨著“一帶一路”建設(shè)的步伐不斷上升，伴著中歐班列長(zhǎng)鳴的汽笛聲高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。

班列讓國(guó)際交往越走越近

2022年1月26日，中白地方合作年暨中國(guó)四川——白俄羅斯戈梅利州企業(yè)經(jīng)貿(mào)洽談會(huì)在成都如約舉行。四川省與戈梅利州已建立友好省州，此次會(huì)議通過(guò)挖掘白俄羅斯?jié)撛跈C(jī)遇，促進(jìn)四川與白俄羅斯更進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展經(jīng)貿(mào)交流合作。

截至2021年，四川與白俄羅斯進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額已達(dá)2.5億美元?！爸袣W班列的運(yùn)行和青白江白俄羅斯國(guó)家館的設(shè)立，將進(jìn)一步為白俄羅斯與四川省之間的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作注入積極動(dòng)力！”白俄羅斯駐重慶總領(lǐng)事德米特里熱情洋溢的發(fā)言，昭示著兩個(gè)城市經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的光明前景。

農(nóng)業(yè)是白俄羅斯的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)，每年有2/3的肉制品和奶制品出口。以往白俄羅斯主要通過(guò)海路運(yùn)輸出口中國(guó)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，海運(yùn)運(yùn)費(fèi)低但運(yùn)輸時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。為保證產(chǎn)品新鮮度，白方選擇通過(guò)中歐班列擴(kuò)大肉制品出口。2020年3月23日，累計(jì)近百?lài)嵵氐睦鋬鲭u翅自白俄羅斯途經(jīng)哈薩克斯坦到中國(guó)阿拉山口，再到成都國(guó)際鐵路港清關(guān)，先期運(yùn)抵成都，全程運(yùn)輸時(shí)間僅14天。此外，后期陸續(xù)有30個(gè)貨柜，累計(jì)2600萬(wàn)元人民幣的冷凍肉制品采用同樣的方式運(yùn)輸?shù)秩亍?/p>

國(guó)際間的經(jīng)貿(mào)往來(lái)不止于此。

2019年10月，成都與荷蘭蒂爾堡市正式簽署兩市建立友好合作關(guān)系的備忘錄，同月，滿載著來(lái)自荷蘭、法國(guó)、西班牙等地的紅酒、奶粉、汽車(chē)整車(chē)等貨品的中歐班列（成都）緩緩駛?cè)肓顺啥紘?guó)際鐵路港。

2021年12月25日，一列載有松木等貨物的中歐班列（成都）從俄羅斯西伯利亞伊爾庫(kù)茨克車(chē)站發(fā)出駛往成都。這是全球首次使用國(guó)際鐵路聯(lián)運(yùn)運(yùn)單作為國(guó)際信用證約定單據(jù)、控貨權(quán)憑證，并采取人民幣結(jié)算的中歐班列，標(biāo)志著全國(guó)首單基于鐵路國(guó)際聯(lián)運(yùn)運(yùn)單的貨物貿(mào)易國(guó)際信用證結(jié)算試點(diǎn)啟動(dòng)。

截至2021年，成都中歐班列境外站點(diǎn)增至67個(gè)。成都國(guó)際鐵路班列在歐洲線路網(wǎng)絡(luò)上進(jìn)一步拓展，為拓寬歐洲市場(chǎng)、拓展貿(mào)易通道提供了有力支撐。

班列讓城市“國(guó)際生意”越做越大

虎年伊始，一批栩栩如生的仿真恐龍乘坐中歐班列，從成都國(guó)際鐵路港綜合保稅區(qū)出發(fā)，遠(yuǎn)赴歐洲。距離雖遠(yuǎn)，但卻僅需幾天時(shí)間就可抵達(dá)。

中國(guó)占到全球仿真恐龍生產(chǎn)量的80%，歐洲市場(chǎng)仿真恐龍中有一半來(lái)自恐龍之鄉(xiāng)自貢。一直以來(lái)，其出口依賴(lài)于海運(yùn)，疫情暴發(fā)以來(lái)，仿真恐龍的出口逐步從海運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)移到鐵路運(yùn)輸。作為本土的一家供應(yīng)鏈公司，成都長(zhǎng)九供應(yīng)鏈管理有限公司憑借多年成熟的物流和外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，成為港區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)仿真恐龍出口的公司之一。

“想要走出國(guó)門(mén)，就要符合出口的要求。”公司總經(jīng)理劉本艷介紹，在走上國(guó)際舞臺(tái)之前，海關(guān)的工作人員要按照查驗(yàn)指令給仿真恐龍做“全身檢查”，不漏過(guò)每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，確保每一項(xiàng)都符合出口要求。

伴隨著中歐班列線路的延伸，公司也得到了長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展。2018年8月，成都長(zhǎng)九供應(yīng)鏈管理有限公司入駐港區(qū)。3年多來(lái)，公司規(guī)模不斷發(fā)展壯大，員工從幾個(gè)人發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的近50人，外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總額從4000萬(wàn)元增長(zhǎng)到如今的13億元。

越來(lái)越紅火的中歐班列帶火了一個(gè)又一個(gè)生意。

2021年7月22日，成都中歐班列市場(chǎng)采購(gòu)貿(mào)易專(zhuān)列從成都國(guó)際鐵路港出發(fā)，由新疆霍爾果斯出境，10余天后抵達(dá)波蘭馬拉舍維奇，隨即分撥發(fā)往德國(guó)、匈牙利等歐洲國(guó)家。

此次專(zhuān)列載著來(lái)自位于隆昌的中國(guó)西南國(guó)際輕紡城的50個(gè)集裝箱，包括家紡、服裝、日用百貨等快消品，采用 “市場(chǎng)采購(gòu)貿(mào)易方式”申報(bào)出口，總貨值約4000萬(wàn)元，是四川省首個(gè)成都以外的市州通過(guò)中歐班列開(kāi)展的市場(chǎng)采購(gòu)貿(mào)易出口的專(zhuān)列。

在過(guò)去，受個(gè)體商戶(hù)不具備外貿(mào)資質(zhì)和外貿(mào)能力、出口利潤(rùn)低、出口難等諸多因素的影響，“出口夢(mèng)”似乎離隆昌有點(diǎn)兒遠(yuǎn)。

而隨著市場(chǎng)采購(gòu)貿(mào)易方式的開(kāi)通以及成都中歐班列帶來(lái)的貿(mào)易便利化，隆昌貿(mào)易的春天也到來(lái)了。隆昌市輕紡加工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)人難掩興奮之情：“現(xiàn)在將產(chǎn)品在市場(chǎng)采購(gòu)模式下通過(guò)成都中歐班列出口，是按大類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)化報(bào)關(guān)，且出口商品增值稅免征不退，加上運(yùn)輸效率的保障，大幅降低了出口產(chǎn)品成本和門(mén)檻，對(duì)隆昌來(lái)說(shuō)是件大好事??！”

好事大事接踵而來(lái)。2022年1月25日9時(shí)30分，中歐班列（瀘州號(hào)）首列正式發(fā)車(chē)，瀘州和杜伊斯堡分別是這趟貨運(yùn)火車(chē)的始發(fā)地和目的地。鳴笛后，這趟滿載著來(lái)自包括瀘州在內(nèi)的川渝多地以及上海、南京等地的貨物專(zhuān)列緩緩駛出瀘州港進(jìn)港鐵路專(zhuān)用線。瀘州成為四川首個(gè)開(kāi)通國(guó)際陸運(yùn)、國(guó)際水運(yùn)雙通道的城市。

“中歐班列（瀘州號(hào)）開(kāi)通以后，我們?cè)谕蛻?hù)議價(jià)時(shí)，多了地域和價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì)。”瀘州市馳騰科技有限公司總監(jiān)圣艷望著遠(yuǎn)去的專(zhuān)列格外激動(dòng)，“可供客戶(hù)選擇的運(yùn)輸方式更多樣了，也便于客戶(hù)綜合考慮運(yùn)輸時(shí)間和成本?！笔芤娴某隹谛凸驹跒o州還有很多，中歐班列（瀘州號(hào)）開(kāi)通后，讓越來(lái)越多的企業(yè)嘗到了出口貿(mào)易的紅利。

政策“組合拳”助力大發(fā)展

隨著中歐班列越開(kāi)越遠(yuǎn)、越開(kāi)越密，四川外貿(mào)市場(chǎng)呈現(xiàn)一片欣欣向榮的景象?！耙粠б宦贰备哔|(zhì)量發(fā)展和RCEP生效實(shí)施正在不斷拓展著外貿(mào)企業(yè)的市場(chǎng)空間，同時(shí)，財(cái)稅金融、疏通國(guó)際航運(yùn)物流、支持外貿(mào)新業(yè)態(tài)、新模式發(fā)展等政策組合拳則為外貿(mào)企業(yè)紓困解難。

2020年4月，中國(guó)商務(wù)部印發(fā)《進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮中歐班列作用應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情做好穩(wěn)外貿(mào)穩(wěn)外資促消費(fèi)工作的通知》，提出11條具體舉措和工作要求。其中一條舉措特別引人注目：利用中歐班列支持外貿(mào)新業(yè)態(tài)新模式發(fā)展，鼓勵(lì)中歐班列運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)充分發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢(shì)，與有意愿的跨境電商企業(yè)開(kāi)展商業(yè)合作。在具備條件的綜合保稅區(qū)內(nèi)，集成質(zhì)量檢測(cè)、保稅倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)、理貨分撥、揀貨打包和拼箱服務(wù)。

“以前隆昌大部分商家是以?xún)?nèi)貿(mào)為主，現(xiàn)在有了成都到歐洲的市場(chǎng)采購(gòu)專(zhuān)列以后，許多商戶(hù)發(fā)現(xiàn)了新商機(jī)。推行市場(chǎng)采購(gòu)貿(mào)易，還為廣大中小微企業(yè)搭建起共享式商貿(mào)流通、供需對(duì)接的外貿(mào)新平臺(tái)，有效激發(fā)了那些‘不敢不懂不會(huì)’做外貿(mào)的中小微企業(yè)活力，打開(kāi)了小商品走向國(guó)際的大門(mén)?！彼拇ㄊ∩虅?wù)廳電商處相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，市場(chǎng)采購(gòu)貿(mào)易方式具有低門(mén)檻、便利化通關(guān)、免征增值稅等優(yōu)勢(shì)，通過(guò)這一方式出口，可以讓更多市場(chǎng)商戶(hù)便捷地參與國(guó)際貿(mào)易，快速走向國(guó)際市場(chǎng)。

在“組合拳”中，金融支持的作用也非常重要。

2021年8月25日，成都國(guó)際鐵路班列有限公司訂艙客戶(hù)四川歐鷺供應(yīng)鏈管理有限公司收到66萬(wàn)元“運(yùn)費(fèi)貸款”。這是成都國(guó)際班列公司和建行四川分行聯(lián)合開(kāi)發(fā)的創(chuàng)新融資產(chǎn)品——“中歐班列運(yùn)費(fèi)貸”在四川發(fā)放的首筆貸款。

作為長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的訂艙客戶(hù)，2021年1至7月，歐鷺公司共向成都國(guó)際班列公司訂艙發(fā)運(yùn)中歐班列231柜。此筆“運(yùn)費(fèi)貸款”資金定向支付給成都國(guó)際班列公司，作為歐鷺公司9月計(jì)劃發(fā)運(yùn)的運(yùn)費(fèi)使用。

歐鷺公司總經(jīng)理段天豪表示，“中歐班列運(yùn)費(fèi)貸”讓行業(yè)內(nèi)“信用消費(fèi)”成為可能，切實(shí)解決了企業(yè)面臨的資金壓力。

鐵龍飛馳！“十四五”期間，作為“一帶一路”合作的重要標(biāo)志，中歐班列必將助力四川外貿(mào)量穩(wěn)質(zhì)優(yōu)大發(fā)展！

Over 950 billion yuan！ Customs data show that the total value of Sichuan’s foreign trade hit a new record high. In 2021， Sichuan’s total import and export value of trade in goods was 951.36 billion yuan， ranked 8th in the country， an increase of 17.6% year on year.

This bright achievement is inseparable from the contribution of the China-Europe Railway Express. From 120.67 billion yuan in 2013 to 245.5 billion yuan now， Sichuan’s total value of foreign trade keeps high-quality development with the progress of the Belt and Road construction and increasing departures of China-European freight trains.

China-Europe Railway Express continuously enhances international exchange

On January 26， 2022， the China-Belarus Local Cooperation Year and China （Sichuan）-Belarus Gomel Region Business and Trade Fair was held in Chengdu as scheduled. Sichuan Province and Gomel Region have established sister-province relations. The conference promoted further economic and trade exchanges and cooperation between Sichuan and Belarus by exploring potential opportunities in Belarus.

As of 2021， the Sichuan-Belarus trade reached USD 250 million. “The operation of the China-Europe Railway Express and the establishment of the Belarusian National Pavilion in Qingbaijiang will further inject positive momentum into the economic and trade cooperation between Belarus and Sichuan Province！” Dmitry Emelyanov， Consul General of Belarus in Chongqing， said enthusiastically and indicated the bright future of economic and trade cooperation between Chengdu and Gomel.

Belarus has agriculture as its leading industry and exports 2/3 of its meat and dairy products every year. In the past， Belarus mainly transported agricultural products to China by sea， with low shipping costs but long transportation time. To ensure the freshness of meat products， Belarus keeps expanding export through China-Europe Railway Express. On March 23， 2020， a total of nearly 100t of frozen chicken wings were transported from Belarus to Chengdu. The transportation took only 14 days via Kazakhstan to Alashankou， and then to Chengdu International Railway Port for customs clearance. After that， a total of 30 containers of frozen meat products worth 26 million yuan have been transported to Chengdu in the same way.

Beyond this， Chengdu carried out more international economic and trade exchanges.

As early as October 2019， Chengdu officially signed a memorandum of understanding with the Dutch city of Tilburg to establish friendly cooperation. In the same month， a China-European （Chengdu） freight train loaded with goods such as wine， milk powder， and automobiles from the Netherlands， France， and Spain slowly drew into Chengdu International Railway Port.

On December 25， 2021， a China-European （Chengdu） freight train carrying pine wood and other goods departed from Irkutsk station in Siberia， Russia to Chengdu. This is the first China-European Railway Express in the world to use the international railroad intermodal waybill as the agreement document of international letter of credit， and the cargo control document， and to take the RMB settlement， marking the start of China’s pilot international letter of credit settlement of trade in goods based on the international railroad intermodal waybill.

As of 2021， the number of overseas stations of China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu） has increased to 67. China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu） continues to expand its European route network， which provides strong support to broaden the European market and open up trade channels.

China-Europe Railway Express expands international business

At the beginning of the Year of the Tiger， a group of lifelike dinosaur toys was transported from the Chengdu International Railway Port Comprehensive Bonded Zone to Europe via China-Europe Railway Express. In this way， it takes only a few days to finish the long journey.

China contributes 80% production of the global dinosaur toys. Half of the dinosaur toys in the European market come from Zigong， the hometown of dinosaurs. Exports of dinosaur toys have always depended on ocean shipping. Since the COVID-19 outbreak， export transport has shifted from ocean shipping to rail transportation. As a Chengdu-based supply chain company with years of logistics and foreign trade business experience， Changjiu Supply Chain Management Co.， Ltd. has become one of the companies responsible for the export of dinosaur simulation in the port area.

“Exports shall meet the export requirements，” said the general manager Liu Benyan， adding that customs inspectors should follow the inspection instructions to thoroughly check the exported dinosaur toys. They would not miss every detail to ensure that every item of exports meets the export requirements.

The company has also developed considerably along with the route extension of the China-European Railway Express. In August 2018， Chengdu Changjiu Supply Chain Management Co.， Ltd. set up an office in the port area. Over the past three years， the company has grown in size， with the number of employees increasing from a few to nearly 50， and the total foreign trade turnover growing from 40 million yuan to 1.3 billion yuan.

The increasingly prosperous China-Europe Railway Express has driven one business after another.

On July 22， 2021， the China-European Railway Express （Chengdu Market） procurement trade train departed from Chengdu International Railway Port and left the country in Horgos， Xinjiang. 10 days later， it arrived in Malaszewicze， Poland， and was then distributed to Germany， Hungary， and other European countries.

This special train is loaded with 50 containers from Southwest China International Textile City in Longchang， which contains FMCG products including home textiles， garments， and daily necessities. The goods are declared for export using the “market procurement trade mode”， with a total value of about 40 million yuan. This is the first time that a city in Sichuan other than Chengdu has opened a special export train of China-Europe Railway Express for market procurement trade.

Due to many factors such as individual merchants’ incapability of foreign trade qualification and foreign trade ability， low export profit， and difficult export， the “export dream” seemed to be a bit far from Longchang.

With the opening of the market procurement trade and the trade facilitation brought by the China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu）， trade in Longchang began to flourish. According to an exciting person in charge of the Longchang Textile Processing Industry Association， “Products exported through China-Europe Railway Express （Chengdu） under the market procurement mode adopt simplified customs declaration according to major categories. And no VAT and no tax refund， coupled with the guarantee of transportation efficiency， the cost and standard of export products reduce significantly， which is a good thing for Longchang！”

Good things come in battalions. At 9：30 on January 25， 2022， the first train of the China-Europe Railway Express （Luzhou） pulled out of Luzhou and was bound for Duisburg. After honking， the special train loaded with goods from Luzhou， many regions in Sichuan and Chongqing， as well as Shanghai and Nanjing， slowly left the inbound railroad line of Luzhou port. Luzhou has become the first city in Sichuan to open international land and water transportation channels.

“After opening China-Europe Railway Express （Luzhou）， we increase our geographical and price advantages in bargaining with clients，” Sheng Yan， a director of Luzhou Chiteng Technology Co.， Ltd.， looked at the departed train and said excitedly， “Clients have more choices of transportation methods， and it is also easy for them to consider the transportation time and cost in a comprehensive manner.” Many other export-oriented companies in Luzhou have benefited from the opening of the China-Europe Railway Express （Luzhou）， which has allowed more and more companies to taste the gains of export trade.

Policies boost great development

With the expansion of lines and the increase of trains of China-Europe Railway Express， Sichuan’s foreign trade market is thriving. The high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative and the implementation of RCEP are constantly expanding the market space of foreign trade enterprises. At the same time， financial taxation， unblocking international shipping logistics， support for developing new business forms and models of foreign trade， and other supporting policies help foreign trade companies to relieve difficulties.

In April 2020， the Ministry of Commerce issued the Notice of Further Playing the Role of China-Europe Trains in Responding to the New Coronary Pneumonia Outbreak and Doing a Good Job in Stabilizing Foreign Trade， Stabilizing Foreign Investment， and Promoting Consumption， and put forward 11 specific measures and requirements. One measure stands out. We need to use the China-Europe Railway Express to support the development of new business forms and new models of foreign trade， and encourage the operators of the China-Europe Railway Express to give full play to their advantages and carry out business cooperation with willing cross-border e-commerce enterprises. Comprehensive bonded areas with the conditions need to integrate quality testing， bonded warehousing， sorting and distribution， picking and packing， and LCL （less than container load） services.

“Most of the merchants in Longchang used to mainly focus on domestic trade. With the market procurement train from Chengdu to Europe， many merchants have found new business opportunities. The implementation of market procurement trade also builds a new foreign trade platform for medium， small and micro-sized enterprises to share trade circulation and match supply and demand， effectively stimulating the vitality of medium， small and micro-sized enterprises incapable of foreign trade， and opening the export door of small commodities，” said a person in charge of the E-commerce Division of Sichuan Provincial Department of Commerce， adding that the market procurement trade mode has the advantages of low threshold， facilitated customs clearance and VAT exemption， which allows more market merchants to participate in international trade conveniently and go global quickly.

In the series of policies， financial support also plays a very important role.

On August 25， 2021， Sichuan Olu Supply Chain Management Co.， Ltd. （Olu Company）， a client of Chengdu International Railway Service Co.， Ltd. （Chengdu International Railway Company）， received a freight loan of 660，000 yuan. This is Sichuan’s first “China-Europe Railway Express freight loan”， an innovative financing product jointly developed by Chengdu International Railway Company and Construction Bank Sichuan Branch.

As a long-term and stable client， Olu Company has booked and shipped 231 containers of China-Europe Railway Express from Chengdu International Railway Company from January to July 2021. The above “freight loan” is a directed payment to Chengdu International Railway Company as freight for Olu Company’s planned shipments in September.

According to Olu Company’s general manager Duan Tianhao， “China-Europe Railway Express freight loan enables credit-based consumption， which effectively solves the financial pressure of companies.”

Like an iron dragon， China-Europe Railway Express is speeding！ During the 14th Five-Year Plan period， as an important symbol of the Belt and Road cooperation， the China-Europe Railway Express will help Sichuan’s foreign trade to develop in a stable and quality way！