Chongqing Resounded with Pet?fi’s Liberty and Love in Spring裴多菲《自由與愛(ài)情》回響在山城的春天

劉丁睿

“Liberty and love. These two I must have. For my love， Ill sacrifice my life. For liberty， Ill sacrifice my love.” This globally well-known poem， Liberty and Love， has a history of more than one century. It is reminiscent of its author， Sándor Pet?fi， a renowned patriotic poet from Hungary.

March ushers in spring， celebrating the rebirth of nature. On March 15th， Hungarian Consulate-General in Chongqing held the memorial ceremony of the “174th Anniversary of Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence of 1848-1849” in Eling Park and shared the love story between the renowned poet Sándor Pet?fi and his spouse Júlia Szendrey. Tang Wen， Level-I Inspector of the Foreign Affairs Office of Chongqing Municipal Peoples Government， was invited to attend the event and presented a wreath for the sculpture of Pet?fi and his spouse Júlia， together with Gergely Kádár， the Consul-General of Hungary in Chongqing. Officials from Consulates-General of the Philippines， Japan， the United Kingdom， Canada， Uruguay and other countries in Chongqing attended the event.

In his remarks， Gergely Kádár introduced the love story between Pet?fi and his spouse Júlia as well as the sculpture， and shared the stories of their forefathers who sacrificed their lives for the liberation during Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence.

Sándor Pet?fi， the 19th-century Hungarian patriotic poet， hero， founder of the national literature， revolutionary and patriotic fighter， is a pioneering figure of his generation to fight for the liberation of Hungary. Pet?fi contributed a lot to poetry， especially the lyric poetry. Apart from producing many poems for revolution， he wrote political commentaries， plays， novels， proses and other literary works. In his life， Pet?fi accomplished about 1，000 lyric and 8 long narrative poems， among which John the Valiant and The Apostle have become classics. Pet?fi had a major influence on the Hungarian literature and encouraged many Hungarian people through his political commentaries.

At the age of 23， Pet?fi fell in love at first sight with Júlia. In the following half a year， Pet?fi accomplished You Like Spring and many other love poems. One year later， encouraged by those affectionate words， Júlia finally married to Pet?fi despite the opposition from her father and family. Amid the growing uprising in Europe at that time， Pet?fi wrote the famous poem， Liberty and Love. In the context of national crisis， Pet?fi participated in the armed uprising in Hungary. During the fight， he was armed with both sabre and quill pen. Finally， Pet?fi gave his life for liberation at the age of 26.

In China， Chongqing is the only city to have the sculpture of poet Pet?fi and his spouse Júlia. The two-meter-high bronze sculpture has two parts. The upper part by a Hungarian sculptor portrays the embrace of poet Pet?fi and his spouse Júlia， while the rest part by a Chinese artist is a square column. This sculpture was officially unveiled in Eling Park in November 2019. Serving as a bridge for people in Chongqing to understand poet Pet?fi and the Hungarian culture and history， the sculpture reflects the friendship between Chongqing and Hungary.

Further Reading

In 1991， Hungary set March 15th as its National Day. On that day， there will be a flag raising ceremony in Kossuth Square in front of the parliament building. President would attend to review the performance of the guard of honor and Prime Minister would deliver an address. In Parliament， the highest-level national cultural and artistic events would be held. For the sculptures of patriotic soldiers and poet Pet?fi， a floral offering will be made.

The Hungarians throughout and outside of the country will gather to hold commemorative events for the National Day. Each year on that day， the Hungarian people will wear a cockade with the national colors of red， white and green， as a way to show their national pride.

“生命誠(chéng)可貴，愛(ài)情價(jià)更高，若為自由故，兩者皆可拋。”提起這首百多年來(lái)在全世界廣為傳頌的詩(shī)篇《自由與愛(ài)情》，便會(huì)想起它的作者—匈牙利著名愛(ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人裴多菲。

3月15日，春回大地，萬(wàn)物復(fù)蘇。匈牙利駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館在鵝嶺公園舉行“匈牙利1848—1849年革命及獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)174周年”紀(jì)念活動(dòng)，講述著名詩(shī)人裴多菲與愛(ài)人茱莉亞的愛(ài)情故事。市政府外辦一級(jí)巡視員唐文受邀出席，并與匈牙利駐重慶總領(lǐng)事葛凱達(dá)一起為裴多菲·山道爾及愛(ài)人森黛麗·茱莉亞雕塑敬獻(xiàn)花環(huán)。菲律賓、日本、英國(guó)、加拿大、烏拉圭等國(guó)駐渝領(lǐng)事官員出席活動(dòng)。

葛凱達(dá)在致辭中介紹了裴多菲與愛(ài)人茱莉亞之間的愛(ài)情故事及二人的雕塑，并分享在匈牙利革命及獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期，匈牙利的先烈們?yōu)榱嗣褡褰夥哦幌奚墓适隆?/p>

裴多菲是19世紀(jì)匈牙利愛(ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人、英雄和民族文學(xué)的奠基人、革命民主主義者、愛(ài)國(guó)主義戰(zhàn)士，被譽(yù)為“匈牙利自由的第一個(gè)吼聲”。其貢獻(xiàn)主要是在詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作方面，尤其是在抒情詩(shī)方面，除創(chuàng)作大量革命詩(shī)歌外，還寫(xiě)有政論、戲劇、小說(shuō)和散文等多種體裁作品，他一生中寫(xiě)了約1000首抒情詩(shī)和8部敘事長(zhǎng)詩(shī)，其中最著名的有《雅諾什勇士》和《使徒》，對(duì)匈牙利文學(xué)的發(fā)展具有重大影響，他的政論文章鼓舞了人民。

23歲的裴多菲與伯爵的女兒茱莉亞一見(jiàn)傾心，在半年時(shí)間里寫(xiě)出了《你愛(ài)的是春天》等許多情詩(shī)。這些飽含深情的文字，最終鼓舞了茱莉亞沖破家庭的束縛，在一年后同裴多菲走進(jìn)婚禮的殿堂。恰在此時(shí)，歐洲大地涌起人民起義的革命洪流，裴多菲寫(xiě)下了著名箴言詩(shī)《自由與愛(ài)情》。民族危難時(shí)刻，他參與了匈牙利的武裝起義，在戰(zhàn)斗中，裴多菲以詩(shī)歌為武器，手持戰(zhàn)刀和羽毛筆，壯烈犧牲于疆場(chǎng)，年僅26歲。

在中國(guó)，僅重慶有裴多菲及愛(ài)人茱莉亞的雙人雕塑。其高2米，為青銅材質(zhì)，分為上下兩個(gè)部分。其中上半部分是裴多菲夫婦的頭像雕塑，由匈牙利藝術(shù)家制作;下半部分是雕塑立柱，刻有《自由與愛(ài)情》詩(shī)，由中國(guó)藝術(shù)家制作。該雕塑于2019年11月正式落戶鵝嶺公園，是重慶市民了解裴多菲、了解匈牙利人文歷史的一座民心橋梁，展現(xiàn)了重慶與匈牙利之間的友好情誼。

延伸閱讀

1991年，匈牙利國(guó)會(huì)正式確定3月15日為國(guó)家節(jié)日。這一天，匈牙利官方的主要活動(dòng)為在國(guó)會(huì)大廈前科蘇特廣場(chǎng)舉行升國(guó)旗和總統(tǒng)檢閱儀仗隊(duì)儀式，匈牙利總理在公共集會(huì)上發(fā)表講話，在國(guó)會(huì)大廈內(nèi)舉行國(guó)家最高的文化和藝術(shù)儀式，以及向衛(wèi)國(guó)軍人塑像和裴多菲像獻(xiàn)花等。

匈牙利全國(guó)以及匈牙利周邊國(guó)家的匈牙利族，甚至海外匈牙利人聚居的地方也要舉行紀(jì)念活動(dòng)。這一天，匈牙利人會(huì)紛紛戴上與國(guó)旗顏色相同的紅白綠布條扎成的胸章，表達(dá)愛(ài)國(guó)之情。