Winnwood住宅美國德州達(dá)拉斯市

設(shè)計團隊：Yen Ong,Paul Merrill

合作單位：David Hocker 景觀建筑師事務(wù)所

項目面積：460 平方米

項目竣工：2016 年

項目攝影：Adam M?rk

Design architect/design team:Yen Ong,Paul Merrill

Collaborators/consultants:David Hocker Landscape Architects,Designs by Lynn Rush

Size:460 sqm

Year of completion:2016

Photographer:Adam M?rk

Winnwood住宅是一棟現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格的住宅，設(shè)計的目的是為業(yè)主打造出全年生活在戶外景觀中的感受。業(yè)主是一位鐘愛園藝的室內(nèi)設(shè)計師。

住宅四面環(huán)繞各種景觀，其中一面是一個由得克薩斯州公園與野生動物管理局和美國內(nèi)政部管理的保育公園。我們將其設(shè)想為一個坐落于封閉公園中的堅實黑色石膏體，然后塑造出外部空間，以在建成物和自然物之間形成過渡區(qū)。

從住宅內(nèi)部放眼望去，滿是郁郁蔥蔥的景色。大型滑動玻璃門完全打開后，將玻璃門推入住宅相對墻體中的門槽，實現(xiàn)對客廳的通風(fēng)。

在室內(nèi)，景觀延伸至反光室內(nèi)石膏面，放大了單色的室內(nèi)托板，讓空間隨時間和季節(jié)顏色發(fā)生變化。對于居住者來說，這種氛圍和建筑之間的相互依存營造了一種不斷變化的室內(nèi)場景。每個空間都是為了讓人感到獨一無二，同時又深深地依賴于自然。

在室外，黑白灰泥的外墻上種植著常綠藤蔓，隨著時間的推移，房子本身也會成為景觀之一。住宅的后三分之二專門用于居住。而將住宅的前三分之一設(shè)計為街道對面保護(hù)項目的延伸；對本地物種和適生物種進(jìn)行造型處理，實現(xiàn)從相鄰地塊到修復(fù)后的景觀的過渡。

通過了USGBC LEED的Homes Platinum認(rèn)證，該棟住宅是一個凈正能量項目。地?zé)峋陀晁占匚挥谲嚨老路?，從而最大限度地減少徑流并提高透水性。對住宅的每個房間進(jìn)行了單獨保溫處理，以利用（允許分隔或關(guān)閉空間的）地?zé)崤照{(diào)系統(tǒng)，從而為每個房間有效地形成一個獨立建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)居住天數(shù)和人數(shù)，只需向主臥進(jìn)行供暖或制冷，即可將這座4600平方英尺的房屋的有效面積減少至900平方英尺。通過團隊合作，我們克服了一項重大挑戰(zhàn)，即在打造一個景觀開放且具有無縫美感的家的同時隔離個體空間。大約20%的建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)采用玻璃，雖然住宅設(shè)計的目的是讓陽光灑滿所有區(qū)域，但任何直射日照得熱都非常有限。41%以上的房屋玻璃朝北，在夏季太陽最高的月份，84%的房屋玻璃都可以起到顯著的外部遮陽效果。在寒冷季節(jié)暴露于直射陽光的玻璃均按照僅為0.29的低直射日照得熱系數(shù)設(shè)計。室內(nèi)采用高效LED燈具，調(diào)光系統(tǒng)則考慮了從巨幅窗戶進(jìn)入的日光。

雖然建筑系統(tǒng)和部件的目的是節(jié)約能源，但只有現(xiàn)場發(fā)電才能實現(xiàn)零能耗。安裝在屋頂?shù)莫毩?0kW太陽能電池陣列每年的發(fā)電量足以滿足住宅用電。

The Winnwood Residence is a contemporary house that is intended to give the owner the sense of living in the outdoor landscape year-round.The owner is an interior designer who has a deep love for gardening.

The house is surrounded on all four sides by extensively landscaped areas,one of the sides being a conservation park managed by the Texas Parks &Wildlife and the US Dept.of Interior.It was conceived as a solid black plaster mass,sitting within an enclosed garden,from which exterior voids were carved to create transition zones between the built and the natural.

From within the house,all viewpoints to the exterior terminate upon lush landscaping.Large sliding glass doors open completely full width into integrated pockets in the walls on opposing ends of the house to allow natural ventilation to pass through the main living areas.

Inside,landscapes extend across reflective interior plaster planes,amplifying the monochromatic interior pallet and allowing the colors of time and season to affect space.For the residents,this interdependence between atmosphere and architecture creates an ever-changing interior scenography;each space is intended to feel unique while deeply dependent on nature.

Outside,the black and white plastered exterior is planted with evergreen vines so the house itself will be absorbed into the landscape over time.The back two-thirds of the property are devoted to occupants and home.The front one-third is designed as an extension to the conservation project across the street;native and adaptive species are sculpted to transition from neighboring lots to the rehabilitated landscape.

Certified USGBC LEED for Homes Platinum,the house is a Net Positive Energy project.Geothermal wells and a rain collection cistern are located under the driveway which is designed to minimize runoffand increase water permeability.Each room of the house is individually insulated to take advantage of the geothermal HVAC system which allows spaces to be isolated or turned off,effectively creating an independent building envelope for each room.Depending on the day and number of occupants,the 4,600-square-foot home can be reduced to an operational area of 900 square feet by only heating or cooling the primary bedroom.Isolating individual spaces while creating a home that opens to the landscape and has a seamless aesthetic was a challenge overcome by teamwork.About 20% of the building envelope is glass,and while the home is designed to allow daylight to fill all areas of the home,any direct solar heat gain is very limited.Over 41% of the home’s glazing faces north,and 84% of the remainder of the home’s glazing benefits from significant exterior shading in the summer months when the sun is the highest in the sky.Any glazing exposed to direct solar heat gain during cooling months benefits from the glazing have a low solar heat gain coefficient of 0.29.The interior is lit with highly efficient LED lights,and dimming systems allow for light levels to account for incoming daylight from expansive windows.

While building systems and components aim to conserve energy,only with onsite energy production can the home be zero-energy.On the roof,a discrete 10kW solar array will annually create enough electricity onsite to offset all of the energy consumed by the property.

總平面圖 site plan

立面圖 elevations

剖面圖 sections

首層平面圖 ground floor plan