慕尼黑：古老又現(xiàn)代

文／飛揚(yáng) 圖／李丹

慕尼黑依山傍水，景色秀麗。Munich is situated beside a river at the foot of a mountain,and surrounded by beautiful scenery.

慕尼黑是德國巴伐利亞州的首府。這個僅次于柏林和漢堡的德國第三大城市，有著古老又現(xiàn)代的獨(dú)特魅力。慕尼黑位于德國南部阿爾卑斯山北麓的伊薩爾河畔，不僅依山傍水、景色秀麗，而且是德國的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、科技和交通中心之一，同時又保留著原巴伐利亞王國都城的古樸風(fēng)情，因此被人們稱作“百萬人的村莊”。

了解慕尼黑，首先從它的歷史開始。慕尼黑地區(qū)最早的居民點(diǎn)可以追溯到羅馬帝國時期。早在8世紀(jì)時，這個地方出現(xiàn)了一個本篤會修道院，因此慕尼黑在德語中有“僧侶之地”的含義。慕尼黑長期是當(dāng)?shù)氐恼?、?jīng)濟(jì)和文化中心。早在拿破侖橫掃歐洲時期，慕尼黑就已經(jīng)成為巴伐利亞王國的藝術(shù)重鎮(zhèn)；1825年，繼承王位的路德維希一世，更是竭盡全力把慕尼黑打造成為一個文化藝術(shù)之都；1871年德國統(tǒng)一后，這里曾經(jīng)作為德國首都直到1918年。

這個德國歷史文化積淀和承載之地，擁有德國歷史最悠久的慕尼黑大學(xué)、歐洲最大的出版業(yè)中心、3000多家畫廊、50多座博物館、4座歌劇院、3個世界頂尖交響樂團(tuán)和數(shù)不勝數(shù)的圖書館，是全球藝術(shù)家向往的藝術(shù)殿堂和精神家園。裝飾華麗的巴伐利亞國家歌劇院，100年前就上演過瓦格納的多部名劇，可容納2100人的觀眾席，如今依然一票難求。老城的瑪利亞廣場，匯集了慕尼黑的精華，被稱為“城市客廳”，是慕尼黑千年歷史文化的薈萃之地。這里及附近集中了圣母柱、新老市政廳、老王宮、教堂、歌劇院、音樂廳廣場等重要地標(biāo)性建筑。

慕尼黑被人們熟知的，還有久負(fù)盛名的啤酒節(jié)。啤酒節(jié)在每年的十月舉行，是慕尼黑甚至德國的一張名片。其中最令人印象深刻的就是大木桶裝的啤酒，樂隊(duì)輕松愉快地演奏著音樂，穿著巴伐利亞裙、提起裙邊、端起酒杯的女孩跟隨音符快樂地舞蹈旋轉(zhuǎn)……

在慕尼黑的大街上，活躍著許多街頭藝術(shù)家。On the streets of Munich,there are many street artists.

慕尼黑奧林匹克電視塔是當(dāng)?shù)氐臉?biāo)志性建筑，站在塔頂可以俯瞰整個市區(qū)。The Munich Olympic TV Tower is a local landmark.Standing on the top of the tower can overlooking the entire city.

當(dāng)?shù)厝舜┲头ダ麃唫鹘y(tǒng)服飾去參加重大慶典活動。A local wears traditional Bavarian clothing to a major celebration.

慕尼黑所在的巴伐利亞州，還是山東的“好友”。1985年，時任巴伐利亞州州長的施特勞斯率大型經(jīng)貿(mào)代表團(tuán)訪問山東，掀開了兩省州友好交往的序幕。1987年，兩省州在慕尼黑正式簽署關(guān)于建立友好關(guān)系的《共同宣言》，翻開了全面友好交流合作的新篇章。如今，這一對友好省州高層互訪頻繁，人員交流活躍，不僅合作項(xiàng)目眾多，合作成果斐然，也表明了魯巴人民之間的友誼長存。

新天鵝堡建于1869年，是迪士尼城堡的原型，也是德國最受歡迎的旅游景點(diǎn)之一。The Neuschwanstein Castle,built in 1869,is the prototype of the Disney Castle,and one of the most popular tourist attractions in Germany.

Munich,located by the Isar River,at the northern foot of the Alps in southern Germany,is not only situated beside a river at the foot of a mountain and surrounded by beautiful scenery,but also o n e o f G e r m a n y’s e c o n o m i c,cultural,sci-tech and transport centers.Moreover,it retains the primitive simplicity of the former capital of the Kingdom of Bavaria.Thus,it is known as a “Village of a Million Citizens”.

As a city with a major place in German history and culture,Munich is home to Germany’s oldest university,Europe’s largest publishing center,more than 3,000 galleries,more than 50 museums,four opera houses,three world’s top symphony orchestras and numerous libraries.It is a glamorous art palace and spiritual home for artists around the world.

The Munich Oktoberfest held every October is an image icon of Munich and even Germany.One of the most impressive items involved is beer in big casks,with the addition of bands playing their music merrily,girls wearing dirndls,holding beer mugs,lifting their hemlines,dancing happily to the notes...

Bavaria,where Munich is located,is a “friend” of Shandong.In 1985,Strauss,then-governor of Bavaria,led a large econom-ic and trade delegation to visit Shandong,opening the prelude of friendly exchanges between Shandong and Bavaria.In 1987,Shandong and Bavaria officially signed theon establishing friendly relations in Munich,opening a new chapter of friendly exchanges and cooperation in all respects.Now,this pair of sister provinces/ states maintain frequent high-level reciprocal visits,and active personnel exchanges,with numerous cooperation projects and fruitful cooperation results.This also shows the enduring friendship between the people of Shandong and Bavaria.