風景園林有機生成方法學再實踐

各美其美，美人之美，美美與共，天下大同。

如今，公眾對國際國家層面的大事件總是關(guān)注的。中國國際園林博覽會（簡稱園博會），是國內(nèi)園林綠化行業(yè)層次最高、規(guī)模最大的國際性盛會。園博會已然成為“人與自然和諧共生”理念和新城建設(shè)實踐展示的重要平臺，成為中國綠色營造、園林園藝產(chǎn)業(yè)更新、藝術(shù)文化傳承發(fā)展、生態(tài)技術(shù)攻關(guān)克難的“縮影”。以探索一種面向未來的、可持續(xù)利用的發(fā)展方式為目標導(dǎo)向，園博園的規(guī)劃設(shè)計需要科學的邏輯與章法作為實踐方法學的引領(lǐng)。

可以說，直到20世紀末，中國現(xiàn)代風景園林學科專業(yè)實踐中，實用的、相對成體系的方法學還是缺乏的。大約在1991 - 2000年，是本人設(shè)計項目最集中的10年，我開始了對風景園林規(guī)劃設(shè)計方法學的思考和探索。但關(guān)于“風景園林規(guī)劃設(shè)計有機生成方法學”的提出是在2018年以來才陸續(xù)發(fā)表，究其原因，在于本人認為從實踐中提取、凝練的方法學需要不斷完善。所謂風景園林有機生成規(guī)劃設(shè)計方法，是一種以延續(xù)地域特征為前提，順應(yīng)自然規(guī)律、尊重人的需求為法則，正確處理保護與利用關(guān)系，創(chuàng)造永續(xù)使用的風景園林空間場所的人類活動。其立足于各要素邏輯推演，充分考慮各要素之間的有機統(tǒng)一，以及其與周邊環(huán)境之間的有機聯(lián)系。通過場地本底資源、地域人文、服務(wù)功能、人本關(guān)懷、空間形態(tài)、空間風格等各要素自下而上的設(shè)計生成過程，形成具有延續(xù)性、系統(tǒng)性、獨特性與動態(tài)性特征的空間環(huán)境。由于設(shè)計的生成自下而上，充分凝練、平衡場地各類要素，使得設(shè)計契合場地特征和人為活動需求，有利于實現(xiàn)場地的資源利用和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

本專題以第十三屆中國（徐州）國際園林博覽會“徐州—上合友好園”的規(guī)劃設(shè)計作為風景園林有機生成方法學的實踐區(qū)域，從意識形態(tài)、設(shè)計美學、科學技術(shù)等方面，系統(tǒng)演繹有機生成方法學在園林規(guī)劃設(shè)計中的全過程應(yīng)用。在意識形態(tài)方面，以有機生成的設(shè)計推演為理論基礎(chǔ)，探討功能、場地、空間在風景園林設(shè)計中的多維共生。在設(shè)計美學方面，圍繞展示“上合”精神及各成員國特色的設(shè)計目標，以“和合”文化為立意緣起，通過圖形提取、主題演繹、空間生成表達主題立意；從空間構(gòu)成的角度探討設(shè)計立意到空間生成的空間設(shè)計語言表達過程。在科學技術(shù)方面，從城市逆境脅迫下園林生態(tài)技術(shù)篩選與應(yīng)用、植物群落學與“和合”美學相融合的植物造景設(shè)計、數(shù)字化展陳互動體驗設(shè)計與表達等方面進行闡述，以詮釋上合組織的精神理念，彰顯科學技術(shù)對風景園林的支撐作用。

當然，就現(xiàn)代風景園林學科的方法學而言，是多樣并存的，但能夠高效解決現(xiàn)實問題一定是判定該方法學優(yōu)劣的重要標準之一。其實，東西方在現(xiàn)代風景園林的追求，已經(jīng)日趨殊路同歸，雖然西方的人定勝天過于人本意識，使他們曾經(jīng)誤入歧途，但而今也逐步回歸于人與自然和諧之大同。未來，期待有更多的風景園林規(guī)劃設(shè)計有機生成方法學相關(guān)實踐，去不斷完善，有效支撐“美美與共，天下大同”美好愿景的實現(xiàn)。

主編

2022年3月12日

Re-Practice of Organic Generation Methodology in Landscape Architecture

Achieving one’s own goal yields gratification. Lending a hand to consummate others’ goal doubles satisfaction. Goals of self and others can be unified, thus the world can be harmonized.

Nowadays, the public is always concerned about major events at the international and national levels. China International Garden Expo (abbreviated as Garden Expo) is an international event with the highest level and largest scale in the domestic landscaping industry. The Garden Expo has become an important platform for the concept of “Harmonious Coexistence Between Man and Nature” and the demonstration of new city construction practices, and a “microcosm” of China’s green construction, the renewal of garden and horticulture industry, the inheritance and development of art and culture, and the tackling of key problems of ecological technology. Exploring a future oriented and sustainable development mode is very important. The planning and design of the Garden Expo needs scientific logic and composition as the guidance of practical methodology.

It can be said that until the end of the 20th century, the practical and relatively systematic methodology was still lacking in the professional practice of landscape architecture in China. From 1991 to 2000, which was the most concentrated 10 years of my own design projects, I began to think and explore the methodology of landscape architecture planning and design. However, the proposal of “The Organic Generation Methodology of landscape architecture planning and design” has only been published since 2018. The reason is that I believe that the methodology extracted and condensed from practice needs to be continuously improved. The organic generation methodology of landscape architecture planning and design is a human activity that takes the continuation of regional characteristics as the premise, conforms to the laws of nature and respects people’s needs as the law,correctly handles the relationship between protection and utilization, and creates diverse and sustainable landscape space places. As the design is generated from bottom to top,it fully condenses and balances various elements of the site. Therefore, the design meets the characteristics of the site and the needs of human activities, which is conducive to the sustainable utilization and sustainable development of the site.

This special topic takes the planning and design of the 13th China (Xuzhou)International Garden Expo “Xuzhou-SCO Friendship Garden” as the practice area, and systematically deduces the whole process application of organic generation methodology in landscape planning and design from the aspects of ideology, design aesthetics, science and technology. In terms of ideology, based on the organically generated design deduction, the multi-dimensional symbiosis of function, site and space in landscape architecture design is discussed. In terms of design aesthetics, around the design goal of displaying the characteristics of each member state, the theme intention is expressed through graphic extraction, theme deduction and space generation; From the perspective of space composition, the expression process of space design language from design intention to space generation is discussed. In terms of science and technology, the landscape ecological technology screening and application under the stress of urban adversity, plant landscape design integrating plant community and aesthetics, digital exhibition interactive experience design and expression were discussed, so as to highlight the supporting role of science and technology for landscape architecture.

Of course, as far as the methodology of modern landscape architecture is concerned, it is diverse and coexisting, but being able to effectively solve practical problems must be one of the important standards to judge the advantages and disadvantages of the methodology. In fact, the pursuit of modern landscape architecture by the East and the West has increasingly come to the same goal. Although the idea that man can conquer nature was too human-oriented, and the West once went astray, but now they are gradually returning to the harmony between man and nature. In the future, we look forward to more practices related to the organic generation methodology of landscape architecture planning and design, so as to continuously improve and effectively support the realization of the “Goals of self and others can be unified, thus the world can be harmonized”.

Editor-in-Chief

March 12th, 2022