君子峰鳶尾，福建鳶尾科植物一新種

陳新艷, 馬良, 柳明株, 高緒勇, 陳世品*

君子峰鳶尾，福建鳶尾科植物一新種

陳新艷1, 馬良2a, 柳明株2b, 高緒勇2a, 陳世品2b*

(1. 三明市園林中心，福建 三明 365000; 2. 福建農(nóng)林大學(xué), a. 園林學(xué)院; b. 林學(xué)院，福州 350002)

描述了福建省中北部山區(qū)鳶尾科(Iridaceae)鳶尾屬()一新種：君子峰鳶尾(S. P. Chen, X. Y. Chen & L. Ma)，新種與蝴蝶花(Thunb.)、臺(tái)灣鳶尾(Ohwi)相近。與蝴蝶花不同之處在于葉片寬大，葉脈明顯，表面粗糙；花為頂生稀疏總狀聚傘花序，分枝2～6；花大，直徑5.0～7.0 cm，花被裂片邊緣波狀皺褶，全緣，頂端稍有凹缺；蒴果三棱狀圓柱形。與臺(tái)灣鳶尾不同之處在于花小，花被裂片邊緣波狀皺褶，全緣，頂端稍有凹缺；蒴果三棱狀圓柱形。形態(tài)特征比較及分子系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析均支持該新種的成立。

君子峰鳶尾；鳶尾科；新種；福建

鳶尾科(Iridaceae)全世界超過(guò)60屬，800種以上[1]。鳶尾屬(L.)是鳶尾科最大的屬，約300種，分布于北溫帶，我國(guó)約產(chǎn)60種、13變種及5變型，主要分布于西南、西北及東北[2]。近年來(lái)，在我國(guó)不斷有鳶尾屬新種發(fā)表[3–5]。鳶尾屬植物在園林觀賞上應(yīng)用廣泛，是著名的花卉植物，全世界現(xiàn)有園藝品種超過(guò)7×104個(gè)[6]。因具有重要的觀賞價(jià)值, 鳶尾屬的分類學(xué)研究一直備受植物學(xué)家關(guān)注。

從1913年開(kāi)始，Dykes[7]對(duì)鳶尾屬下各類群進(jìn)行了研究，提出組(section)的分類學(xué)單位概念, 并建立了一個(gè)較為完整的鳶尾屬形態(tài)分類系統(tǒng)，是鳶尾屬系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究的開(kāi)端，為后續(xù)鳶尾屬的系統(tǒng)分類研究奠基了基礎(chǔ)。自1998年起，Wilson[8–10]基于分子序列，對(duì)不同分布區(qū)的鳶尾屬物種進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究，修訂了各類群間的親緣關(guān)系，極大推動(dòng)了鳶尾屬的分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究。國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者也對(duì)鳶尾屬系統(tǒng)學(xué)進(jìn)行了大量的研究工作，對(duì)我國(guó)的鳶尾屬開(kāi)發(fā)與利用提供大量的理論成果[5,10–15]。

目前，福建省記錄的鳶尾屬植物共4種, 其中野生種有小花鳶尾(Hance)和蝴蝶花(Thunb.)[16]。2018年以來(lái)，筆者在福建進(jìn)行植物資源調(diào)查，在閩西北山區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)1種鳶尾屬植物，分布較廣，在海拔300～800 m的山地林緣處常有發(fā)現(xiàn)，之前常被誤定為蝴蝶花，但其葉片寬大，葉脈明顯，表面粗糙，花序分支少, 花大，果實(shí)三棱形，與蝴蝶花較易區(qū)分；也與臺(tái)灣鳶尾(Ohwi)近似，不同之處在于花小，花被裂片邊緣波狀皺褶，全緣，頂端稍有凹缺；蒴果三棱狀圓柱形。經(jīng)查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)和標(biāo)本[3,8]，進(jìn)行了形態(tài)特征比較(表1，圖1)和分子系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù)分析(圖2)。本研究共選取69個(gè)樣品，其中4個(gè)作為外類群，使用核基因nrITS和1個(gè)葉綠體基因片段(K)，共獲得69條ITS和62條序列, 憑證標(biāo)本和GenBank登錄號(hào)見(jiàn)表2。基于最大似然法(maximum likelihood, ML)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析，分別構(gòu)建nrDNA、cpDNA以及nrDNA與cpDNA聯(lián)合的系統(tǒng)樹(shù)。用ITS序列、序列以及聯(lián)合矩陣(ITS+K)構(gòu)建的ML樹(shù)顯示他們之間系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系非常相似，該新種是蝴蝶花和臺(tái)灣鳶尾的姐妹種(圖2)?；谝陨戏治稣J(rèn)定該物種為鳶尾屬一新種，現(xiàn)予以報(bào)道。

君子峰鳶尾 新種 圖3, 4

S. P. Chen, X. Y. Chen & L. Ma, sp. nov.

This new species is similar toand,but is distinguished from the former by the broad leaf blades with distinct veins and rough surface (without midvein and glossy surface), terminal sparse racemose cyme with 2-6 branches (5-12 branches), bigger flowers (5.0-7.0 cm in diam.4.5-5.0 cm in diam.), perianth with undulate margin and retuse apex (with denticulate margin), and triangular cylindrical (ellipsoid-cylindrical) capsule, and fromthe latter by smaller flowers (5.0-7.0 cm in diam.7.0-8.0 cm in diam.), perianth with undulate margin and retuse apex (with denticulate margin and notched apex), triangular cylindrical (ellipsoid- cylindrical) capsule.

表2 鳶尾屬植物ITS和matK序列的GenBank登錄號(hào)

續(xù)表(Continued)

*: 本研究獲得。

*: Obtained in this study.

China. Fujian Province (福建省), Mingxi County (明溪縣), Junzifeng (君子峰), under the forest on slope, elevation 500 m, 4 April 2018,X. Y. Chen JZF18000556 (holotype: FJFC; isotype: IBSC).

多年生草本。根狀莖可分為粗壯的斜伸根狀莖和橫走根狀莖，斜伸的根狀莖扁圓形，具多數(shù)較短的節(jié)間，棕褐色，橫走的根狀莖節(jié)間長(zhǎng)2.2～3.0 cm，黃白色；須根生于根狀莖的節(jié)上，分枝多。葉基生，墨綠色，暗淡，劍形，長(zhǎng)30.0～70.0 cm，寬2.5～ 4.6 cm，頂端漸尖，具3～7縱脈，中間3～5脈明顯，表面粗糙?；ㄇo直立，高于葉片，頂生稀疏總狀聚傘花序，分枝2～6，與苞片等長(zhǎng)或略短；苞片2～3枚，葉狀，寬披針形或卵圓形，長(zhǎng)2.0～4.0 cm，頂端漸尖，包含2～4朵花?；ǖ{(lán)色或藍(lán)紫色，直徑5.0～7.0 cm；花梗包于苞片內(nèi)或略伸出，長(zhǎng)1.5～ 3.0 cm；花被管明顯，長(zhǎng)1.3～2.0 cm，花被裂片6片，排成2輪，外輪花被裂片倒卵形，長(zhǎng)4.0～4.5 cm，寬2.0～2.5 cm，頂端稍凹缺，基部楔形，邊緣波狀皺褶，中脈上有3條隆起的黃色雞冠狀附屬物，中間一條最明顯，內(nèi)花被裂片狹倒卵形，長(zhǎng)3.5～4.2 cm,寬1.5～2.0 cm，基部楔形，頂端微凹，邊緣波狀皺褶,花盛開(kāi)時(shí)向外展開(kāi)；雄蕊長(zhǎng)約2.0 cm，花藥長(zhǎng)橢圓形，白色；花柱1枚，上部3分枝，擴(kuò)大扁平成花瓣?duì)睿ㄖ种^內(nèi)輪花被裂片略短，淡紫色，頂端繸狀絲裂，子房紡錘形，長(zhǎng)1.6～2.0 cm。蒴果三棱狀圓柱形，長(zhǎng)5.0～8.0 cm，寬0.8～1.5 cm，棱上具小溝，每面具中脈，頂端鈍，成熟時(shí)自頂端開(kāi)裂至中部；種子多數(shù)，褐色?；ㄆ?—4月，果期4—6月。

Herbs perennial. Rhizomes dimorphic, oblique ones thick, flattened,internode short, brown; creeping ones with internodes 2.2-3.0 cm long, yellow-white, fibrous roots grow on the nodes, branches. Leaves basal, dark, blackish green, sword-shaped, 30-70 cm× 2.5-4.6 cm, apex acuminate, with 3-7 longitudinal veins, middle 3-5 veins distinct, surface rough. Flowering stems erect, higher than leaves, terminal sparse racemose cymes, with 2-6 short branches near apex; branches as long as or slightly shorter than spathes; spathes 2-3, leaf-like, broadly lanceolate or oval, 2.0-4.0 cm long, apex acuminate, 2-4-flowered. Flowers pale bluish or bluish violet, 5.0-7.0 cm indiam; pedicel 1.5-3.0 cm long, enclosed in spathes orslightly exerted. Perianth tube obvious, 1.3-2.0 cm long; perianth 6, 2 rounds, outer segments obovate, 4.0-4.5 cm×2.0-2.5 cm, with 3 yellowish crests onmidvein,middle one most obvious, margin undulate, apex retuse, base cuneate; inner tepals spreading obliquely, narrowly obovate, 3.5-4.2 cm×1.5-2.0 cm, margin undulate, apex retuse, base cuneate.Stamens ca. 2.0 cm long; anthers oblong, white. Style branches pale blue; terminal lobes fimbriate. Style 1, upper 3branches, petal shape, slightly shorter than inner tepals, lavender, top filiform, Ovaryspindle-shaped, 1.6-2.0 cm long. Capsule triangular cylindrical, 5.0-8.0 cm×0.8- 1.5 cm, furrow on ribs, midvein, apex obtuse, crack from the apex to the middle at maturity. Seeds many, brown. Flowering in March to April and fruiting in April to June.

圖1 蝴蝶花(左)和君子峰鳶尾(右)的形態(tài)特征。A: 根狀莖; B: 葉; C: 蒴果; D: 花莖; E: 花; F: 花柱和柱頭; G: 外輪花被片; H: 內(nèi)輪花被片; I: 雄蕊。

圖2 基于ITS序列(A，僅顯示局部)、matK序列(B，僅顯示局部)及聯(lián)合數(shù)據(jù)矩陣(ITS+matK)(C)的君子峰鳶尾及其近緣種分子系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析ML樹(shù)。節(jié)點(diǎn)附近的數(shù)值是bootstrap值，*: Bootstrap=100。

該物種主要分布于福建省閩西北海拔300～ 800 m的山區(qū)，在一些山坡林緣處常能發(fā)現(xiàn)，種群數(shù)量大。在三明市三元區(qū)羅拔頂、梅列區(qū)大佑山、永安市天寶巖和南平市光澤縣地質(zhì)公園、武夷山市國(guó)家公園居群進(jìn)行調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，其形態(tài)特征穩(wěn)定，未發(fā)現(xiàn)變異類型。其形態(tài)特征與南方地區(qū)廣泛分布的蝴蝶花相似，故在之前的調(diào)查被誤認(rèn)為蝴蝶花，但可以通過(guò)斜伸的莖、寬大粗糙的葉片、更少的花序分枝、較大的花和花被片邊緣波狀皺褶、三棱形的果實(shí)與蝴蝶花區(qū)分。

圖3 君子峰鳶尾。A: 植株; B: 花; C: 蒴果; D: 果橫切面; E: 花部形態(tài), 從左到右依次為外輪花被片、內(nèi)輪花被片、花柱和柱頭、雄蕊。

圖4 君子峰鳶尾。A: 生境; B: 花序和幼果; C: 植株; D: 蒴果; E: 開(kāi)裂的果實(shí)，示種子; F: 幼果及其縱切面(右上)和橫切面(右下); G: 花; H: 花部形態(tài), 示雄蕊、外輪花被片、花柱和柱頭、內(nèi)輪花被片、花梗及苞片。

鳶尾屬植物具有重要的觀賞價(jià)值和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值, 君子峰鳶尾的發(fā)現(xiàn)增加了我國(guó)鳶尾屬種質(zhì)資源, 可為鳶尾屬植物培育優(yōu)良觀賞品種提供親本材料。新種比南方園林常應(yīng)用的蝴蝶花植株更高大，花更大，果實(shí)更具特色，且能夠適應(yīng)貧瘠的土壤，適宜作為園林觀賞植物推廣應(yīng)用，豐富園林觀賞花卉種類。

致謝 承蒙美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州育種專家Darrell Probst博士對(duì)該物種進(jìn)行鑒定，江寶月女士為該物種進(jìn)行繪圖，在此表示謝意！

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, A New Species of Iridaceae from Fujian

CHEN Xinyan1, MA Liang2a, LIU Mingzhu2b, GAO Xuyong2a, CHEN Shipin2b*

(1. Sanming Garden Administration Bureau,Sanming 365000, Fujian, China; 2a. College of Landscape; 2b. College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China)

S. P. Chen, X. Y. Chen & L. Ma, a new species of Iridaceae from Mingxi County, Fujian Province of East China, is described and illustrated here. The new species is similar toThunb. andOhwi, but is distinguished from the former by the broad leaf blades with distinct veins and rough surface, terminal sparse racemose cyme with 2-6 branches, bigger flowers that are 5.0-7.0 cm in diam, perianth with undulate margin and retuse apex, and triangular cylindrical capsule, and fromthe latter by smaller flowers, perianth with undulate margin and retuse apex, and triangular cylindrical capsule. The comparison of morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis both support the establishment of the new species.

; Iridaceae; New species; Fujian

10.11926/jtsb.4438

2021-04-29

2021-09-22

國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2019YFD1000400)；君子峰國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)維管植物資源調(diào)查項(xiàng)目(閩財(cái)資環(huán)指[2019]15號(hào))；中醫(yī)藥公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)補(bǔ)助專項(xiàng)(財(cái)社[2019]39號(hào))資助

This work was supported by the National Key Research & Development Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFD1000400); the Project for Vascular Plant Survey in Junzifeng National Natural Reserve (Grant No. [2019]15); and the Special Fund for Chinese Medicine Resources Research in the Public Interest of China (Grant No. 2019-39).

陳新艷(1982～ )，男，高級(jí)工程師，從事植物資源學(xué)研究。E-mail: chen-0112@163.com

. E-mail: fjcsp@126.com