Module 5 Cloning

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

A Chinese space mining company has designed a robot that can capture （捕獲） waste material left behind by spacecraft in outer space with a big net.

The state-run Xinhua News Agency recently reported that the robot launched on the government’s Long March 6 rocket along with several satellites. The robot will also explore deep space to observe small objects in the universe. The 30-kilogram robot， called NEO-01， was developed by Origin Space. The company says the robot will lead the way for future technologies capable of mining on asteroids （小行星）.

The world’s first asteroid mining company， Planetary Resources， was established in 2009. Since then， more than 12 businesses around the world have entered the industry， including 3D Systems of the United States and Japan’s Astroscale. Astroscale’s technology uses magnets （磁鐵） to gather up space waste. But a report on the Origin Space website says NEO-01 will use a net to capture waste and then burn it. Thousands of satellites have been launched worldwide. As they are used too long， many end up as waste and put other operating satellites at risk.

Su Meng is the founder of Origin Space. He said the company plans to launch many space telescopes and more spacecraft to begin the first for-profit mining of asteroids by 2045. Su added that NEO-01 will serve as a prototype （雛形） of future space mining robots， which can use rich mineral resources on asteroids to support the development of the space industry.

The Xinhua News Agency reported that China was increasing efforts to land a spacecraft on a near-Earth asteroid to collect materials. China is also speeding up a plan to build a defense system against near-Earth asteroids.

1. Which of the following can correctly describe NEO-01？

A. It weighs 60 kilograms.

B. It is mainly used to catch space waste.

C. It was created by Planetary Resources.

D. It will be burnt after finishing its mission.

2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3？

A. Magnets were used to burn space waste.

B. Origin Space will open more mines on asteroids.

C. It is the useless satellites that make space waste.

D. The robot will look into deep space for more waste.

3. What does Su Meng think of NEO-01？

A. It’s promising and rewarding. B. It’s a long way to produce it.

C. It has benefited the space industry. D. It will help make money for the company.

4. What can be the best title for the text？

A. NEO-01， A Smart Robot Used in Space

B. A Chinese Robot Can Catch Space Waste

C. A New Robot Makes China a Space Power

D. NEO-01， the Pioneer of Future Space Robots

閱讀七選五

Does meeting new people make you nervous？ If so， you are not alone. But making a good first impression isn’t as hard as you might think. It just involves a few simple choices.

Look your best.

1 But you don’t need to look like a model to make a good impression. You just need to take care of yourself. Make sure your clothing is clean， not wrinkled and appropriate for the situation. 2

Stand tall.

The way you stand， sit and move tells others a lot about you. Standing up straight makes you look and feel confident. When you approach someone， make eye contact and smile to show you’re friendly and interested. 3

Speak up.

Speak loudly and clearly enough so that people don’t have to struggle to hear you. If you don’t know what to say， ask questions. 4 When people are talking， pay attention to what they’re saying rather than planning what you’ll say next. And if you’re not sure what they mean， ask！

Value people.

Most importantly， show people you care. Your concerns for them will be obvious if you smile and listen carefully. 5 Don’t keep them waiting. Everyone you meet is important. So make eye contact， smile and greet them. They’ll appreciate it and others may be watching.

A. Respect other people’s time， too.

B. And remember， you are important， too.

C. Then greet them with a firm handshake.

D. Most people enjoy talking about themselves.

E. Don’t forget little things like brushing your teeth.

F. Obviously your appearance influences people’s impression of you.

G. One survey suggested blue or black clothes are best for job interviews.

1. ____________2. ____________3. ____________4. ____________5. ____________

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

完形填空

Over 48，000 orange trees spread all corners of Seville， Spain. They not only fill the city’s air with the 1 smell of orange flowers in spring， but also 2 over 16，500 tons of fruit every winter. Though that gives Seville the 3 of being Europe’s top orange-producing city， the fruit is too 4 to be consumed fresh. While some oranges are used to 5 jam and alcohol， most of them end up in landfills （垃圾填埋場）. Oranges are a 6 for the city. However， that may change soon thanks to an idea of using the oranges to produce clean energy 7 .

The program is 8 by the city’s council and parks department. Juice got from 9 will be left to ferment （發(fā)酵） in an existing biogas equipment. The gas released from the fermented liquid will be used to 10 a machine to produce clean energy. The officials think it’s not just about

11 money and they say oranges are 12 producing extra value from waste.

In the first period of a（n） 13 ， 1，000 kilos oranges produced 50 kW·h of clean energy

—enough to 14 the daily electricity needs of five homes. If it’s 15 ， by 2023， the city hopes to recycle all the oranges. If all the fruit is 16 ， it will produce enough energy to power as many as 73，000 people.

This project will help to reach the 17 for reducing pollution and the fight against climate change. The latest 18 is among the many plans across Spain to 19 the country’s goal of switching its electricity system to 20 sources by 2050.

1. A. pleasant B. natural C. familiar D. strange

2. A. attract B. distribute C. bear D. collect

3. A. moment B. pride C. state D. dream

4. A. big B. small C. sweet D. sour

5. A. mix B. sell C. make D. give

6. A. problem B. relief C. threat D. strength

7. A. traditionally B. creatively C. briefly D. slightly

8. A. conducted B. abandoned C. measured D. recorded

9. A. flowers B. trees C. oranges D. fruits

10. A. fix B. drive C. wash D. design

11. A. spending B. earning C. counting D. saving

12. A. urgently B. occasionally C. extremely D. actually

13. A. experiment B. experience C. competition D. performance

14. A. expand B. satisfy C. provide D. remove

15. A. safe B. flexible C. successful D. simple

16. A. displayed B. ordered C. eaten D. recycled

17. A. standards B. targets C. conclusions D. agreements

18. A. effort B. proof C. invention D. style

19. A. set B. limit C. interrupt D. achieve

20. A. repeated B. qualified C. renewable D. permanent

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀理解

A

Rome—Doctors and medical groups around the world last weekend reacted with strong opposition to the news that an Italian specialist is on the brink of cloning the first human baby.

Dr Severino Antinori， who is the head of a hospital in Rome， has been referred to in an Arab newspaper as claiming that one of his patients is eight weeks pregnant with a cloned baby.

Antinori refused to comment on the reports， but he said he hoped to produce a cloned embryo （卵） for implantation （植入） within two years. So far seven different kinds of mammals have already successfully cloned， including sheep， cats and most recently rabbits.

Doctors showed their doubt and were strongly opposed although they admitted that human cloning would finally come true unless there was a worldwide ban on the practice.

Professor Rudolf Jaeniscb of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology said， “I find it astonishing that people do this where the result can be predicted that it will not be a normal baby. It is using humans as Guinea pigs. It makes people feel sick.”

But Ronald Green， director of the Ethics Institute at Dartmouth College in the US， said it was unlikely that an eight-week-old pregnancy would lead to a birth.

So far all cloned animals have suffered from some different serious disorders， many of them dying soon after their births.

Doctors are opposed to human cloning because they are worried about the welfare of the cloned child if there is one.

“There are no benefits of cloned human beings， just harm，” said Dr Michael Wilks of the UK.

1. What does the underlined phrase “on the brink of” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean？

A. On the side of. B. On the point of. C. In search of. D. In favor of.

2. What is the doctors’ general attitude to the cloning of humans？

A. They support it. B. They welcome it.

C. They are against it. D. They pay no attention to it.

3. What can we learn about the cloned animals？

A. They are active.

B. They are born unhealthy.

C. They live a relatively long life.

D. They have a different charactor from the normal.

4. What does the text mainly tell us about human cloning？

A. Its failure. B. Its success. C. The anger at it. D. Voices against it.

B

Have you ever wished you could see in the dark as well as an animal？ In action movies， we often see characters wearing special glasses that reveal things that can’t be seen in darkness. Everything looks green， but we can see the shapes and outlines clearly. As a matter of fact， this is somewhat similar to the way animals’ night vision （視力） works.

You may have noticed eyeshine in pictures of animals， or seen it for yourself when light hits an animal’s eyes. Dogs， cats， and many other animals have tissue called the tapetum lucidum （光神經(jīng)纖維層） in each eye. The purpose of this tissue is to reflect light deeper into the eye. For many animals， it leads to their excellent night vision， and it helps them hunt.

Different types of animals have different colors of eyeshine. The light reflecting back from the eyes of dogs and cats is likely to be yellow. Rats and birds usually have eyes that shine red. Other animals’ eyes may reflect white， yellow， green， or pink light. In each case， the color is related to the type of cells that make up the tapetum lucidum， as well as the chemicals inside the cells.

Eyeshine has the function of improving animals’ night vision， but humans have found other uses for it. For example， when people are searching for certain types of animals， their eyeshine may be helpful in recognizing or discovering them. Also， eyeshine has inspired humans to invent substance that reflects light at night. Strips containing this substance are used to warn us of safety risks such as raised parts of roads. Even though humans cannot see so well at night， we have still found ways to benefit from this amazing animal feature.

5. How does the tapetum lucidum help animals’ night vision？

A. It sends out light in the dark. B. It makes everything appear green.

C. It reflects light back into the eyes. D. It enables their eyes to change colors.

6. How does the author develop Paragraph 3？

A. By providing reasons. B. By giving examples.

C. By following space order. D. By doing scientific tests.

7. What can we learn about scientists’ research on eyeshine？

A. They’ve put it to practical uses.

B. They’re using it to protect animals.

C. They’re trying to include more animal types.

D. They’ve invented special glasses based on it.

8. What is the text mainly about？

A. How animals’ night vision helps them hunt.

B. Different colors of animals’ eyes.

C. How animals see in the dark.

D. Eyeshine and its benefits.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

完形填空

I read a story about Jennings， a boy living in various orphanages （孤兒院） with only his stuffed animal （毛絨玩具）， Doggie， for companionship. Little did I know how it would 1 my life and the lives of others.

One day， as I looked across my room at the pile of stuffed animals， a（n） 2 came to me. I would 3 stuffed animals for children like Jennings. 4 ， I contacted agencies that support those children and they said the stuffed animals would certainly 5 children’s spirits.

I named my project “Cuddle Buddies”. I wrote articles for the local and school newspapers， 6 for donations of the “buddies”—stuffed animals. My phone 7 ringing; schools， families， and toy factories all wanted to help. Much to my 8 ， by the second week my living room looked like a zoo. Whenever Mom and I 9 the “buddies” to the agencies， the kids would be waiting there with their eyes down， too 10 to look but shaking with excitement.

Six years after its launch， Cuddle Buddies continues to 11 . Now over 21，000 stuffed animals have been 12 to agencies worldwide. Simon， a seven-year-old boy， couldn’t sleep at night after he lost his parents. When asked to choose his “buddies”， Simon 13 out a panda and soon after was sleeping through the night. I never dreamed Cuddle Buddies would 14 this way.

Upon graduation from high school， I designed a website， www.cuddlebuddies.net， to 15 forward the project. The response was 16 . More and more people joined me and two dozen Cuddle Buddies 17 were established across the nation.

This has been a great experience. I’ve learned how to follow through on an idea and how to 18 impact a life. I will go to college with these 19 in mind and continue my work with Cuddle Buddies， even when I 20 a whole new set of exciting academic and non-academic activities.

1. A. touch B. impress C. lead D. save

2. A. chance B. idea C. explanation D. word

3. A. display B. repair C. purchase D. collect

4. A. Occasionally B. Previously C. Immediately D. Gradually

5. A. catch B. reflect C. lift D. record

6. A. preparing B. waiting C. asking D. demanding

7. A. resisted B. kept C. started D. stopped

8. A. knowledge B. taste C. regret D. delight

9. A. took B. applied C. rented D. returned

10. A. shy B. weak C. serious D. quiet

11. A. move B. expand C. adjust D. support

12. A. produced B. adopted C. sold D. donated

13. A. picked B. got C. checked D. gave

14. A. adapt B. work C. increase D. react

15. A. push B. put C. look D. bring

16. A. confusing B. amusing C. automatic D. enthusiastic

17. A. committees B. schools C. branches D. associations

18. A. fortunately B. positively C. socially D. physically

19. A. plans B. figures C. lessons D. features

20. A. find out B. end up C. rely on D. participate in

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（五）

閱讀理解

Sleep is essential for a person’s well-being. Researchers have found that sleep loss increases a person’s risk of developing serious medical conditions. Now， a new study has found that getting enough sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.

Jeffrey Grossman， who led the research， was not trying to find the connection between sleep and grades when he handed out Fitbits to the students in his class. Instead， the professor hoped the wrist-worn electronic device （裝置）， which tracks a person’s activity 24/7， would show a connection between physical exercise and academic achievement.

Much to Grossman’s surprise， they found no measurable difference in test performance between the group that had been physically active and the group that had not. Going through the large amount of data， Grossman noticed an interesting trend from the participants’ sleep patterns. There was a straight-line relationship between the average amount of sleep and his/her grade on the exams.

Besides， it was not enough for students to just head to bed early the night before a test. Grossman says， “It turns out this does not relate at all to test performance. Instead， it’s the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most.”

The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in the early hours of the morning performed poorly， even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher-performing student.

The research does not prove that sleep is the only component that helps improve academic performance. However， Grossman says the results are a strong indication that sleep really matters. Who knew getting A’s just required some extra ZZZs？

1. What was Grossman’s original purpose by using Fitbits in the research？

A. To improve sleep patterns.

B. To regulate students’ daily behavior.

C. To monitor students’ physical condition.

D. To find effects of physical exercise on grades.

2. What did Grossman think of the research result？

A. It was unreliable. B. It was useless. C. It was unexpected. D. It was changeable.

3. What plays a more important part in test performance？

A. A regular bedtime. B. Sleep in the learning stage.

C. Average amount of sleep during tests. D. Sleep quality the night before the test.

4. What should be the best title for the text？

A. Be Physically Active and Sleep More B. Enough Sleep Benefits Our Well-being

C. Catch ZZZs for Good Test Performance D. The More Exercise， the Better Schoolwork

選詞填空

用方框里單詞的正確形式填空，使其句意完整。有兩個詞是多余的。

1. The small girl was __________of that big black cat.

2. The police have been trying __________up the dead man’s sister， but they have no idea where she lives.

3. We should stick to the principles and be __________as well.

4. The suspect was charged with __________his wife.

5. If the bank __________to lend us the money， we’re finished！

6. People can __________better when the air is clean.

7. When the artificial flowers __________with natural ones， you can hardly tell the difference.

8. Crowds of people __________home from work at this hour.

9. A team from England was able to __________a dog last week.

10. I always have a __________of heights.

語法填空

It’s hard to keep up with technology， especially when science fiction becomes scientific fact. For decades， we 1 （watch） movies about a future with flying cars. This week， we saw a real one. A proto type flying AirCar 2 （success） completed a test flight between two cities in Slovakia. The 90 km journey took 35 minutes. AirCar is from a company 3 （call） Klein Vision. The company founder said， “ 4 （fly） at a height of 2，500 meters and a speed of 185 kph， it has turned science fiction into a 5 （real）.”

AirCar is a road-legal car 6 transforms into an aircraft in less than three minutes. AirCar CEO Professor Stefan Klein flew and landed the vehicle 7 its test flight. After landing at Bratislava Airport， he pushed one button 8 （turn） the aircraft into a sports car and drove it into downtown Bratislava. He described 9 flight as “normal” and “very pleasant”. His company is working on a newer AirCar. This will have a much 10 （power） engine that is capable of a cruising speed of 320 kph and a range of 1，000 kilometers. The newer model will be a four-seater as opposed to the two-seater that was recently tested.

1. ________________2. ________________3. ________________4. ________________5. ________________

6. ________________7. ________________8. ________________9. ________________10.________________

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（六）

短文改錯

I was going home by bike in a cold afternoon when my bike broke down. As I was wondering how to do， an old man came over. He offered to help me and soon my bike repaired. I thanked him but asked how to repay him. She shook his head and then told me a story about how a boy had helped him two year before. His story moved me deep. I looked at the man， with my eyes filling with tears. I never thought he could keep such a little thing in the mind for years. Only then do I begin to believe that one good turn deserves another.

書面表達(dá)

同學(xué)們都知道健康的重要性，但許多人卻不注重健康。請以“Have a Healthy Lifestyle”為題，為某英語報寫一篇征文。內(nèi)容包括：

1.不注重健康的表現(xiàn);

2.不注重健康導(dǎo)致的危害;

3.你的建議。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.文章的開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù);

3.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Have a Healthy Lifestyle

We all know that health is very important.

背景大鏈接

What is Cloning？

何為克??？

Cloning is the asexual production of an exact copy of an original. So for example， one could use cloning to produce the exact copy of a single cell. The cell copy would be identical to the first cell and would have the same exact DNA sequence. In many cases， cloning has been used to reproduce type specific cells. In some instances， cloning of an individual organism， like the sheep， Dolly， has been possible.

Unlike reproduction that involves two “parents”， such as a male and female plants， cloning has a single parent. This is often used in reproducing certain plants. Certain plants have undergone cloning processes for thousands of years， but they do not play a part in the ethical debates that surround cloning of animals， and most particularly humans.

For example， reproductive cloning of animals was first attempted in the 1950s. The sheep Dolly was cloned in 1996. Dolly’s parent had DNA transferred into an egg that had its nucleus removed. This is called a somatic cell nuclear transfer. The cell was then treated with chemicals and stimulated to grow so than an almost exact replicate of the cloned sheep was born.

克隆就是通過無性繁殖，對原體的精確復(fù)制。舉例來說，細(xì)胞就可以被完全復(fù)制。生成的細(xì)胞與原細(xì)胞一模一樣，甚至基因鏈也相同。普通實驗都是克隆特型細(xì)胞。當(dāng)然，克隆羊多莉的成功表明有機(jī)體的克隆也是可行的。

有些植物分雌雄，其后代有父有母，而克隆產(chǎn)物不同于此，只有一個父源。有很多植物也是單性繁殖，數(shù)千年如此而不會有倫理問題;可一旦涉及動物，特別是人類的克隆，倫理問題便凸顯了。

有例可證，動物克隆的嘗試始于20世紀(jì)50年代，多莉于1996年被克隆。將其父源基因移植到一去核卵子中，這一技術(shù)被稱為體細(xì)胞核移植。該細(xì)胞隨之采用多種化學(xué)物質(zhì)進(jìn)行培育，最終得到了對其父源完全克隆的多莉。