任務(wù)型閱讀之還原閱讀解析

曲永華

微技法1 把握詞匯用法

（1）利用選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)在空格前后句中相同的詞匯或同義詞、近義詞來確定選項(xiàng);

（2）利用代詞的指代關(guān)系或單復(fù)數(shù)形式的差異可準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題;

（3）利用特殊結(jié)構(gòu)詞（如first，second，one...the other...，on the one hand...on the other hand...等）可準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。

微技法2 理清邏輯關(guān)系

（1）解釋關(guān)系：下句是對(duì)上句的解釋;

（2）順逆關(guān)系：下句對(duì)上句不是順承關(guān)系就是逆轉(zhuǎn)關(guān)系;

（3）因果關(guān)系：前后句是因果關(guān)系，常用詞匯有because，since，as，常見的表達(dá)是the reason is that;

（4）例證關(guān)系：某句話是為了證明另一句而舉的例子，關(guān)鍵詞有for example，such as等。

微技法3 分析設(shè)空位置

（1）段首：通常是段落主題句，可根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容推斷主題句;

（2）段中：通常是段落間的過渡句，與上下文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系;

（3）段尾：通常是總結(jié)性、概括性的語句，與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、并列或排比關(guān)系，或者是所選答案能引出下一段內(nèi)容等。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)性的關(guān)鍵詞。

例 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入1～5小題的正確答案。

You’ve been learning words since you were a tiny baby. At first， you learned them only by hearing other people talk. Now that you’re a reader， you have another way to learn words. What should you do when you come to a word and you think you don’t know what it means？ （1） __________.

Say it

First sound it out. Then say it to yourself. （2）_________. Sometimes you know a word in your head but you don’t know what it looks like in print. So if you match up what you know and what you read—you have the word！

Use context

If this doesn’t work， take the next step： look at the context — the other words and sentences around it. Read this sentence： When it rained， the dog looked for shelter in the doorway. （3）_______. Rain and in the doorway might give you helpful information.

（4）

If the context doesn’t help， look at the parts of the word. Does it have any parts you know？ These can help you understand what it means. If you don’t know the meaning of miner， try looking at parts of the word. You might know that a mine is a place underground where people get coal and other valuable things. A lot of times， -er at the end of a word means “a person who does something”. So a miner might be someone who works in a mine.

Look it up

If the three steps above don’t work， you can look it up. （5）_______ — either a book or online.

Nobody knows the meaning of every word， but good readers know how to understand words they don’t know.

A. Use word parts

B. Look at the words

C. It might sound like a word you know

D. You can find the word in a dictionary

E. Following some easy steps can help you

F. If the word shelter doesn’t look familiar， look at the words around it

答案解析：

1. E. 第一段是總述，下面幾個(gè)小標(biāo)題是對(duì)它的解釋，此處應(yīng)選E，表示“遵循一些簡(jiǎn)單的步驟可以幫助你”。

2. C. 根據(jù)前后句的句意“先聽清楚，那就自言自語吧”以及“有時(shí)候你頭腦中知道一個(gè)單詞，但你不知道打印出來的是什么樣子”，中間應(yīng)該選C，意為“聽起來像個(gè)你知道的詞”。

3. F. 根據(jù)前句的shelter，此處與F選項(xiàng)相關(guān)，意為“如果shelter這個(gè)詞看起來不熟悉，看看它周圍的詞”。故選F。

4. A. 根據(jù)后面的“If the context doesn’t help， look at the parts of the word. Does it have any parts you know？”可知與“part”有關(guān)。故選A。

5. D. 根據(jù)前面的“If the three steps above don’t work， you can look it up.”可知與“查字典”有關(guān)。故選D。