冰壺，一項(xiàng)充滿動靜之美與取舍之慧的運(yùn)動

人生沒有捷徑，一定要認(rèn)識到任何一件事情都不會輕易的成功，在選擇了一項(xiàng)興趣愛好或者是體育項(xiàng)目的時候，我們起碼要做出足夠的努力，才能真正決定是否要去放棄，練一段時間怕苦就不練了，對一個人的整個人生的成長都是不利的，就像面對人生的困難一樣，不能遇到一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)困難就退縮。

There is no shortcut in life. We should realize that nothing is easy to succeed. When we choose a hobby or sports， we should at least make enough efforts to decide whether to give up or not. Afraid of hardships， for everyone， is detrimental to the growth in whole life. Just like facing difficulties， we can’t flinch when we encounter difficulties.

起源于十六世紀(jì)的冰壺，又稱冰上溜石，在很長時間內(nèi)被視為表演項(xiàng)目，睽違近五個世紀(jì)，才在1998年的日本長野冬奧會上，成為冬奧會正式比賽項(xiàng)目。至2022年北京冬奧會，冰壺也不過是一個參與僅6屆奧運(yùn)會、擁有著悠久歷史的“新人”。這項(xiàng)神秘而優(yōu)雅的冰上運(yùn)動，需要運(yùn)動員掌控賽場上的大量細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行博弈和較量。前中國冰壺領(lǐng)隊(duì)李冬巖曾說，“體操運(yùn)動員的平衡感、芭蕾舞演員的優(yōu)雅、賽跑選手的力量、國際象棋大師的智慧，都體現(xiàn)冰壺中?！笨梢?，見微知著，是冰壺最大的魅力。

在本次的北京冬奧會賽場上，冰壺可謂是場次最多的競賽大項(xiàng)，將會產(chǎn)生3枚冰壺金牌。值冬奧會之際，我們特別邀請到北京體育大學(xué)中國冰上運(yùn)動學(xué)院于作軍副教授，來為我們講述冰壺運(yùn)動中的動靜之美與取舍之慧。

冰壺精神比勝利更有意義

與傳統(tǒng)的奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目不同，冰壺有著500多年的歷史，是一項(xiàng)歷史悠久、富含傳統(tǒng)底蘊(yùn)的冬季體育運(yùn)動。冰壺不僅考驗(yàn)參與者的體能，也是一種智力的比拼，因此又被人們稱為“冰上國際象棋”。從規(guī)則上來說，冰壺可以被稱為規(guī)則最少的冬季運(yùn)動之一，各年齡段的人群都能從中體驗(yàn)到運(yùn)動的樂趣與魅力。我們通常說的冰壺比賽為4人制，分別為一壘、二壘、三壘和四壘。兩隊(duì)角逐，每人兩次投擲機(jī)會，按照順序交叉投壺。參賽隊(duì)員將冰壺球平穩(wěn)推出，再使用冰壺刷在冰壺前快速擦動冰面。隨著比賽的進(jìn)行，冰面上的顆粒會逐漸被擦掉一部分，而運(yùn)動員則會不斷的根據(jù)變化，來調(diào)整投壺力量、線路和掃冰策略。

冰壺運(yùn)動講究技巧，尊重傳統(tǒng)。一次完美的投壺固然賞心悅目，但遵循冰壺傳統(tǒng)、秉持冰壺精神同樣令人尊敬。人們常常會為一次驚艷的解局拍手叫好，也會為投出最后一壺讓對方功虧一簣而無限惋惜。冰壺運(yùn)動員們雖為勝利參賽，但絕不貶低對手。真正的冰壺運(yùn)動員寧愿輸?shù)舯荣?，也不愿有失公平，每位運(yùn)動員都為完成一場高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的冰壺比賽而努力著。正因如此，裁判在冰壺比賽中的存在感極低。冰壺雖然是一項(xiàng)競技運(yùn)動，但要求運(yùn)動員具備友善的運(yùn)動精神和可敬的行為準(zhǔn)則。這種精神影響著賽場規(guī)則的解釋和應(yīng)用，也應(yīng)影響著冰場內(nèi)外所有參與者的行為。對于冰壺運(yùn)動員們來說，一場體現(xiàn)冰壺精神的比賽比勝利更有意義。

集力量、技術(shù)、智慧于一體的運(yùn)動

對于門外漢來說，冰壺常常被戲謔為“擦地板”。然而看似簡單的“擦地”，卻內(nèi)含許多的學(xué)問，曾經(jīng)執(zhí)教北京體育大學(xué)冰壺隊(duì)的于作軍副教授就向我們解釋了其中的奧秘。冰壺場上的角逐猶如排兵布陣，一場冰壺比賽的勝利拼的是智慧，較的是暗勁。一盤完整的棋局，需要具備棋子、棋盤和棋手，這樣想來，觀賞一場冰壺比賽就變得通俗易懂了。冰壺即為棋子。一場比賽兩隊(duì)共有80次投壺機(jī)會，每一壺的擲出都能為賽場帶來千變?nèi)f化，所以投壺的戰(zhàn)略決定是賽場上的頭等要事。于作軍副教授介紹道，“冰壺不僅是一項(xiàng)對體能要求極高的運(yùn)動，同時需要運(yùn)動員具備豐富的比賽經(jīng)驗(yàn)和靈活的應(yīng)對能力，所以我們在訓(xùn)練時也非常注意運(yùn)動員邏輯思維能力和戰(zhàn)術(shù)素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng)，這對他們在賽場上的戰(zhàn)術(shù)選擇與決策會有一定的幫助，有助于提升他們提前思考兩步、三步甚至更多步的能力。”

除了“燒腦”，冰壺對運(yùn)動員體能的要求也非常之高。觀眾在觀看這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動的時候可能并不覺得，但冰壺其實(shí)是出了名的高頻率、大強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動，瞬間就可以讓運(yùn)動員滿身大汗。就掃冰來說，運(yùn)動員的心率一般會高達(dá)170次/分，個別運(yùn)動員甚至?xí)黄?00次/分。在比賽中，運(yùn)動員需要協(xié)調(diào)上下肢、配合腳步的移動，把身體的絕大部分重量放在冰壺刷上，全力跟上冰壺的移動速度，并且在掃冰二三十秒之后快速穩(wěn)定心率進(jìn)行下一次投壺?？梢哉f，冰壺是一項(xiàng)凝聚動與靜、技巧與智慧、個人與集體相結(jié)合的全能運(yùn)動。

全民冰壺運(yùn)動的可能

不同于足球、籃球，冰壺雖然聽起來十分小眾，但是卻十分適合亞洲人開展，全民冰壺的目標(biāo)并非遙不可及。據(jù)了解，申奧前全國總共只有不超過10條冰壺道，而現(xiàn)在全國有了29個專業(yè)的冰壺場館，超過100條冰壺道。目前正是奧運(yùn)季，全國“冰雪熱”持續(xù)升溫，不少地方都在開展旱地冰壺活動。

校園冰壺的推廣和社會大眾的參與并不難，于作軍副教授向我們解釋道。“非專業(yè)級別下，開展冰壺運(yùn)動不需要投入很高的經(jīng)濟(jì)成本，籃球館、體育館或?qū)W?？梢栽诠δ苡梅?、廢舊的辦公室開展冰壺運(yùn)動，買一套冰壺設(shè)備，鋪上一條冰道就可以開展?！睂τ诖蟊妬碚f，冰壺也并非是一項(xiàng)高高在上的運(yùn)動。在花費(fèi)上，冰壺裝備如服裝、鞋等十分親民，有許多性價比高的品牌可供選擇；在教育娛樂上，這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動安全系數(shù)高，受年齡限制小，對身體素質(zhì)要求低，極易上手。于教練形象地說，“普通人學(xué)習(xí)打網(wǎng)球，可能打了10次一直在撿球，但冰壺不一樣，玩?zhèn)€兩三次，就能從中體會到很多的運(yùn)動樂趣。”

雖然不是專業(yè)冰壺運(yùn)動出身，于作軍卻對冰壺情有獨(dú)鐘。他開玩笑的說，自家女兒四五歲就能看懂冰壺比賽，每周和家人抽時間陪孩子練冰壺，也儼然成為了一個小小家庭的團(tuán)建活動。雖然已經(jīng)不再擔(dān)任冰壺的教學(xué)工作，但于作軍依然心系學(xué)生，有著強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感和使命感。對于運(yùn)動員們未來的職業(yè)發(fā)展，他坦言，國外的冰壺運(yùn)動員可能本身就是博士、工程師、醫(yī)生、教師等，他們喜歡冰壺，也會做相關(guān)的科研。相較而言，我國冰壺運(yùn)動員的文化素養(yǎng)還有待提高。對于職業(yè)運(yùn)動員來說，要想達(dá)到世界頂尖的層次，光靠練習(xí)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，必須具備充足的理論知識來為自己的身體和精神做好支撐。他還補(bǔ)充道，盡管職業(yè)運(yùn)動不是一條好走的道路，但只要下定功夫，付出足夠的努力，同樣可以取得巨大的成就，對人的一生都有著至關(guān)重要的幫助。

Originated in the 16th century， curling was regarded as a performance event for a long time. Nearly five centuries before， it became the official competition event of the Olympic Winter Games in Nagano， Japan in 1998. By Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games， curling is just a "newcomer" who only acrossed six Olympic Games. This mysterious and elegant ice sport requires athletes to control a large number of details on the field. Li Dongyan， former Chinese curling leader said， "The balance of gymnasts， the elegance of ballet dancers， the strength of runners and the wisdom of chess masters are all reflected in the curling." It can be seen that finding big differences from small details is the greatest charm of curling.

This year， curling is a major event with the largest number of competitions and three gold medals. On the occasion of the Olympic Winter Games， we specially invited Associate Professor Yu Zuojun from China Ice Hockey Sports Academy of Beijing Sport University to tell us about the beauty and wisdom of curling.

Curling spirit are more meaningful than victory

Different from other sports， curling has a history of more than 500 years and is a very traditional winter competition. It is not only a test of participants’ physical fitness， but also an intellectual competition， therefore， it is also known as"chess on ice". There are few rules， and people of all ages can have fun from it. Usually a team consists of 4 person. There are four player positions on a curling team called the lead， second， vice， and skip. Under normal circumstances， two teams compete， and each person throws twice. Players throw the curling balls smoothly， and then the other players use curling brushes to wipe the ground quickly in front of the curling balls. As the competition goes， some particles on the ice will be gradually wiped off， and athletes will constantly adjust their strength， routes and strategies according to the changes.

Curling is a sport that pays attention to skills and respects tradition. People not only applaud for a stunning solution， but also feel regrettable for the last action to make the other team fall. Although curling athletes compete for victory， they will never belittle their opponents or try to distract them. A real curling player would rather lose the game than be unfair. Every athlete is working hard to complete a high-standard curling competition. For this reason， referees redmain in the background as far as possible. Curling is a competitive sport， but its essence is friendly sportsmanship. Athletes negotiate with each other according to the "Curling Spirit" to resolve disputes and contradictions. For curling players， a game that embodies curling spirit is more meaningful than victory.

Sport integrates strength， skills and wisdom

For people who don’t know， curling is often joked as wiping the floor. But Yu Zuojun， who used to coach the curling team of Beijing Sport University， explained the mystery to us. Throwing curling balls on the field is like chess formation. It’s more about wisdom. A complete chess game need chess pieces， chessboards and players， in terms of this， curling becomes easy to understand. There are 80 chances of throwing balls for two teams in a game， and each throwing can bring different situations to the field， so the strategic decision is the top priority in the competition. Yu said that curling is not only a sport with high physical requirements， but also requires athletes to have rich competition experience and good ability of communication， coordination and dealing with emergency. “We also pay great attention to the cultivation of athletes’ logical thinking ability and tactical literacy during training， which will help them to make tactical choices and decisions in the real competitions， and help to improve their ability to think more steps in advance.”

Besides tricky， curling requires high athletes’ physical fitness. The audience may not feel it when watching this sport， but it is a high-frequency and intensity sport， which can instantly makes athletes sweat. As far as ice sweeping is concerned， athletes’ heart rate is generally as high as 170 beats/min， and some even exceed 200 beats/min.In the competition， athletes need to coordinate their upper and lower limbs and move with their feet， put most of their body weight on the curling brush， try their best to keep up with the movement speed of curling， and quickly stabilize their heart rate after sweeping the ice for twenty or thirty seconds for the next throwing. It can be said that curling is a sport that combines movement and stillness， skill and wisdom， as well as individual and group.

The development of the national curling

Different from football and basketball， curling is a skill competition， which is very suitable for Asians to carry on， and the goal of curling for all is not out of reach. Before the Olympic bid， there were no more than 10 curling lanes in China. At present， there are 29 professional curling venues and more than 100 curling lanes. Now， it is the Olympic season， winter sports fever continues to develop， and many places are carrying out curling relative activities.

In fact， it is not difficult to promote the campus ice and snow sports and the participation of the public. “For non-professional level， curling doesn’t require high economic cost. Basketball stadiums， gymnasiums or schools can carry out curling in functional rooms and abandoned offices by buying a set of curling equipment and paving an ice lanes.” Professor Yu explained to us， curling is actually very close to the people， but it has always been called the gentleman movement， giving the public an impression of luxury. In terms of cost， curling equipment such as clothing and shoes can be cheap， and there are many cost-effective brands to choose from. In terms of education and entertainment， this sport is very safe， and has a wide range of participants， low requirements for physical quality. For example， ordinary people learn to play tennis， they may have played tennis for 10 times and kept picking up the ball， but curling is different. After playing two or three times， they can gain a lot of fun from it.

Although he is not a professional curling player， Yu Zuojun has a special feeling and emotion to curling. He joked that his daughter could understand curling competition when she was four or five years old. Every week， his family took as much time as possible to accompany his child to go curling. This is not only the cultivation of children’s physical and mental health， but also a sweet family activity. Although he no longer works as a curling coach， Yu still cares about his students. He said that in foreign countries， curling athletes generally have a second job. They may be doctors， masters， engineers， pilots and teachers. They like curling and do related scientific research. Comparatively speaking， the cultural literacy of Chinese curling athletes needs to be improved. For professional athletes， to reach the top level in the world， practice is far from enough， and they must have sufficient theoretical knowledge to support themselves physically and mentally. “Taking sports as a career is not an easy road， but as long as you make up your mind and make enough efforts， you can also attain great achievements， which is of vital significance for your whole life.”Yu added.

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