如何培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀習(xí)慣

齊朵兒

There is a right way to read a book for pleasure， and a right way to read a book for learning. You can read a book for pleasure one time through and be just fine. You’ll get all you need out of that one reading—which is pleasure.

However， it is harmful to assume that you should approach academic reading the same way. In order to read and comprehend a book or article for school， you need to be much more intentional and strategic. That is， if you want to earn a good grade！

Understand genres and themes.

In most reading tests， the student is asked to read a passage and predict what might happen next. Prediction is a common reading comprehension strategy. The purpose for this strategy is to make sure you’re able to infer information from the clues in the text.

It is important to know something about the type of text you’re reading， whether it is a nonfiction or a work of fiction. Understanding the genre of a book helps you make predictions about the action--which helps you comprehend the action.

Read with tools.

Any time you read to learn （and not for pleasure）， you should use active reading skills. There are good tools to use as you read， and there are tools that are not so good to use.

A pencil is a good tool. You can use a pencil to make annotations in the margins of your text without doing any permanent damage to the text.

Another good tool is a pack of sticky notes. Use your notes to jot down thoughts， impressions， predictions， and questions as you read.

A highlighter， on the other hand， can be a really bad tool. Not only do you create some serious damage when you highlight a book， you also give yourself the false impression that you have accomplished anything significant by doing so.

The only thing you accomplish by highlighting is marking passages that you may want to read again. But if a passage impresses you enough to highlight it， you must indicate why it impresses you. Otherwise， you will go back to read isolated sentences and try to remember why they were important.

Work the vocabulary skills.

It’s a no- brainer that you should take the time to identify and look up new and unfamiliar words as you read. But it’s important to make a log book of those new words， and revisit them long after you’ve finished reading that book.

The more we study a subject， the more it sinks in. Be sure to keep a log book of new words and visit it often！

Analyze the title （and subtitles）.

The title is often the last thing to be adjusted once a writer has finished writing.Writers edit the text and identify themes， make predictions， and make notations galore.

Many writers are surprised by the twists and turns that come from the creative process.

This is why， once a text is completed， the writer may reflect on the true message or purpose as a final step and come up with a new title. This means you can use the title as a clue to help you understand the message or purpose of your text.

對于以娛樂為目的的閱讀和以學(xué)習(xí)為目的的閱讀，都有各自適合的閱讀方法。你可以放松地讀一本書，并且你會從書本中享受閱讀的快樂。

然而，對于學(xué)習(xí)為目的的閱讀，這樣的方式卻是行不通的。學(xué)習(xí)中，為了閱讀并且理解一本學(xué)習(xí)用的書或者文章，你需要更有意識更有策略。也就是說，如果想得到一個(gè)好成績，就需要這樣做。

理解分類和主題。

在許多閱讀測試中，要求學(xué)生閱讀文章并且預(yù)測接下來會發(fā)生什么。預(yù)測是一種常見的閱讀理解策略，其目的就是確定你是否可以根據(jù)文章中的線索推測接下來的事情。

了解文章的類型是非常重要的，不管是非小說作品還是小說作品。了解文章的類型可以幫助你預(yù)測接下來的情形，也幫助你理解情境。

借助工具閱讀。

在學(xué)習(xí)式閱讀中（不是娛樂閱讀），你應(yīng)該使用有效的閱讀技巧。在閱讀時(shí)有好的工具，也有一些不如意的工具。

鉛筆是一種好工具，你可以使用鉛筆在邊緣處做注釋，并且不會給書本造成永久的損害。

另外一個(gè)好工具是一包便利貼。在閱讀時(shí)使用便利貼簡略記下你的想法、感受、預(yù)測和問題。

另一方面，記號筆可能會是一種糟糕的工具，不僅僅會對書本造成嚴(yán)重的損害，還會帶給自己一種已經(jīng)完成了一些重要任務(wù)的假象（可能實(shí)際上并沒有）。

記下一些你想要重新閱讀的段落是唯一一件可以通過標(biāo)記號來有效完成的事。但是如果一段文字令你印象非常深刻想要標(biāo)記出來，你必須寫明這段話為什么吸引你。否則，你可能會將注意力返回到其中某個(gè)單句上，或者花費(fèi)時(shí)間來回憶這些句子為什么重要。

運(yùn)用詞匯技巧。

在閱讀中，查找并確認(rèn)新的和不熟悉的詞匯是件容易的事情，但準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)本子來記錄這些新詞，并且在讀完書本后回顧這些新詞也是非常重要的。

我們對一門課學(xué)習(xí)得越多，吸收的知識就越多。一定要準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)筆記本來記錄新詞并常常溫習(xí)。

分析標(biāo)題（和副標(biāo)題）。

題目通常是作者寫完文章后需要調(diào)整的部分。作者編輯文字并且確認(rèn)主題，作出預(yù)測，并做出許多注釋。

許多作者都會對創(chuàng)作過程的曲折和轉(zhuǎn)變感到驚訝。

這也是為什么文章完成后，作者會把回顧傳達(dá)的真實(shí)信息和目標(biāo)作為最后一步，同時(shí)想一個(gè)新的標(biāo)題。這意味著你可以以標(biāo)題作為線索來幫助你理解文章的內(nèi)容和目的。