高考英語新題型試題選登

寧夏 馬祎松 山東 何晴晴

【完形填空1】

It was 11:30 at night.Ida Nelson was enjoying her bathtub time when she heard the noise of a small airplane ___1___ the nearby airport in the Alaskan village with a population of only 70.Knowing that something was wrong,if any time a plane flew over at that ___2___,Nelson jumped out of the tub（浴缸）,ran to the window,and ___3___ that the airport’s runway lights were out.Nelson threw on some clothes,rushed into her ___4_and drove it at full speed to the airport,where she found a local pilot trying to ___5___ the lights by hand.

__6___,the lights would just light up by pushing the button 10 or 15 times,but not this time.Soon,she and the pilot learned of the plane’s ___7___ mission:It was a medevac（救傷直升機）,there to transport a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital,280 miles away in Anchorage.

Nelson had a plan.Driving her truck to the end of the runway,she ___8___ her headlights on the runway for the plane to follow.Great idea,but it wasn’t enough.More ___9___ was needed,so a neighbor called nearly every home in the village —32 of them.Within 20 minutes,20 ___10___ arrived at the airport,many of the villagers still in nightclothes.Based on the ___11 from the medevac pilot,the cars formed a ___12___ on one side of the runway.

The medevac made its final approach and,___13___ by the headlights,landed safely.The young patient was loaded onto the plane,and it immediately took off again and ___14___ in the darkness.Before long,the patient was said to have recovered in the hospital.

In a world filled with uncertain events,the little community’s__15___ action was a big deal.

1.A.measuring B.circling

C.exploring D.monitoring

2.A.altitude B.level

C.speed D.time

3.A.discovered B.guessed

C.appreciated D.assumed

4.A.plane B.car

C.truck D.tank

5.A.switch on B.send out

C.try out D.present with

6.A.Fortunately B.Normally

C.Randomly D.Frequently

7.A.optional B.extra

C.regular D.urgent

8.A.fixed B.cleaned

C.shone D.changed

9.A.light B.power

C.technique D.trust

10.A.ambulances B.taxis

C.vehicles D.tractors

11.A.suggestion B.direction

C.expectation D.introduction

12.A.design B.picture

C.number D.queue

13.A.guided B.attracted

C.limited D.trained

14.A.escaped B.disappeared

C.searched D.crashed

15.A.desperate B.precise

C.sensitive D.determined

【命題意圖】本語篇選自2021 年3 月期美國Reader’s Digest 雜志，語篇原汁原味，略有刪改。文章講述了以Ida Nelson 為首的一群小鎮(zhèn)居民幫助一架救傷直升機運送病人的故事。主題語境為人與社會，體裁是記敘文，是高考英語完形填空的?？俭w裁之一。人與社會主題語境下的助人為樂、團結合作是高考英語試卷中的高頻話題。本篇完形填空與2020 年新高考Ⅰ卷（供山東省使用）完形填空的體裁一致，命題角度和考查知識點接近。本語篇的預設難度為中等，其中考查動詞5 處，動詞短語1 處，名詞6 處，形容詞2 處，副詞1 處。命題側重于考查學生對整體故事情節(jié)的把握，尤其考查學生根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容對故事細節(jié)進行推理判斷的能力。本題的設誤點主要為考生對細節(jié)描寫的把控，對詞匯差異的判斷，以及能否根據(jù)上下文提示進行合乎邏輯的推斷。筆者希望通過這篇文章，學生能夠更好地把握完形填空題型的考點以及解題思路和方法。

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了一架運送病人的救傷直升機因機場燈光故障無法降落，附近村民共同努力利用車燈為飛機導航，完成緊急救援的故事。

1.B 考查動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)上文“ It was 11:30 at night.”和下文“Knowing that something was wrong,if any time a plane flew over at that ___2___,...”可知，該架飛機深夜在機場上空盤旋，無法降落。circling 意為“盤旋”。故選B。

2.D 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)上文“ It was 11:30 at night.”可知，時間很晚了，飛機在機場上空盤旋是因為出了故障。time意為“時間”。故選D。

3.A 考查動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“Nelson jumped out of the tub（浴缸）,ran to the window,and ___3___ that the airport’s runway lights were out.Nelson threw on some clothes,rushed into her ___4_and drove it at full speed to the airport,where she found a local pilot trying to ___5___ the lights by hand.”一系列動作可以判斷，Nelson 跳出浴缸，跑到窗前，觀察到機場的情況后決定到現(xiàn)場幫忙。discovered 意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。故選A。

4.C 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前文“Nelson jumped out of the tub（浴缸）,ran to the window,and ___3___ that the airport’s runway lights were out.” 以 及 后 文“Driving her truck to the end of the runway,she ___8___ her headlights on the runway for the plane to follow.”可知，Nelson 從窗戶看到機場跑道沒有燈光后，決定到現(xiàn)場幫忙，于是穿好衣服駕駛她的卡車前往機場。truck 意為“卡車”。故選C。

5.A 考查動詞短語辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前文“Nelson jumped out of the tub（浴缸）,ran to the window,and ___3___ that the airport’s runway lights were out.”以及后文“ ___6___,the lights would just light up by pushing the button 10 or 15 times,but not this time.”可知，機場跑道沒有燈光，當?shù)仡I航員嘗試手動開啟燈光，但未能成功。switch on 意為“打開”。故選A。

6.B 考查副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)上文“Nelson threw on some clothes,rushed into her ___4___ and drove it at full speed to the airport,where she found a local pilot trying to ___5___ the lights by hand.”可知，通常情況下手動按壓按鈕10～15 次便可以開啟燈光。Normally 意為“通常地”。故選B。

7.D 考查形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)下文“It was a medevac（救傷直升機）,there to transport a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital,280 miles away in Anchorage.”可知，將病重的女孩運送到最近的醫(yī)院是一項緊急的任務。urgent 意為“緊急的”。故選D。

8.C 考查動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)下文“The medevac made its final approach and,___13___ by the headlights,landed safely.”可知，Nelson 利用汽車大燈將燈光投射到跑道上為飛機做引導。shone 意為“照射”。故選C。

9.A 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)上文“Great idea,but it wasn’t enough.”可知，僅憑一輛車的燈光是不夠的，因此需要更多的燈光。light 意為 “光”。故選A。

10.C 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后文“...,many of the villagers still in nightclothes.Based on the ___11___ from the medevac pilot,the cars formed a ___12___ on one side of the runway.”可知，20位村民前來援助，駕駛的應為普通車輛。vehicles意為“汽車”。故選C。

11.B 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“Based on the ___11___ from the medevac pilot,the cars formed a ___12___ on one side of the runway.”和后文“The medevac made its final approach and,___13___ by the headlights,landed safely.”可知，救傷直升機飛行員指揮車輛排隊。direction 意為“指揮，指導”。故選B。

12.D 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“Based on the ___11___ from the medevac pilot,the cars formed a ___12___ on one side of the runway.”可知，在救傷直升機飛行員的指揮下，車輛排成一列。queue 意為“隊列”。故選D。

13.A 考查動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前文“Nelson had a plan.Driving her truck to the end of the runway,she ___8___ her headlights on the runway for the plane to follow.” 和“The medevac made its final approach and,___13___ by the headlights,landed safely.”可知，救傷直升機在車輛燈光的指引下，成功降落。guided意為“引導”。故選A。

14.B 考查動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前文“It was a medevac（救傷直升機）,there to transport a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital,280 miles away in Anchorage.”和后文“Before long,the patient was said to have recovered in the hospital.”可知，病人被抬上飛機運送到醫(yī)院，獲得了救治。飛機在黑暗中消失。disappeared 意為“消失”。故選B。

15.D 考查形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意可知，在這個充滿不確定的世界里，這個小社區(qū)的堅定行動是一個偉大的舉動。determined 意為“堅定的”。故選D。

【長難句分析】Knowing that something was wrong,if any time a plane flew over at that time,Nelson jumped out of the tub（浴缸）,ran to the window,and discovered that the airport’s runway lights were out.（第一段第三句）

分析：現(xiàn)在分詞Knowing 與其后that 引導的賓語從句構成原因狀語，在該賓語從句中，if any time a plane flew over at that time 為條件狀語從句。

譯文：Nelson 知道，如果那么晚還有飛機飛過，一定是出事了，于是她跳出浴缸，跑到窗前，發(fā)現(xiàn)機場跑道的燈全熄滅了。

【詞匯積累】

bathtub n.浴缸

transport v.運輸

nightclothes n.睡衣

approach n.進場（著陸）

【作者單位 姓名】寧夏銀川市賀蘭縣景博中學 馬祎松

【完形填空2】

A farmer had a neighbor who owned poorly trained hunting dogs.They jumped the fence __1__ and chased the farmer’s lambs.The farmer asked his neighbor to keep his dogs in __2 ,but he turned a deaf ear.One day the dogs again jumped the fence,__3__ and severely injured several of the lambs.

The farmer had had enough,and went to town to __4__ a judge who said:“I could punish the hunter and __5__ him to keep his dogs chained.But you would lose a friend and gain a (n) __6__ .Which would you rather have?” The farmer replied that he preferred a friend! “All right,I will offer you a suggestion that will not only keep your lambs __7__,but also keep your neighbor a friend.” Having heard the judge’s solution,the farmer agreed.

The farmer __8__ put the judge’s suggestion to the test.He took three of his best lambs and presented them to his neighbor’s sons,who were with great 9 .To protect his sons’newly 10 playthings,the hunter built a strong kennel（犬舍）for his dogs.Since then,the dogs have never again __11__ the farmer’s lambs.

Out of __12__ for the farmer’s generosity toward his sons,the hunter often shared the animals with the farmer.The farmer 13 the hunter by sending the hunter lamb meat he had made.Within a short time the neighbors became good friends.

A saying in old China went something like this:One can win over and influence people the best with __14__ of kindness and sympathy.A __15__ American saying:One catches more flies with honey than with vinegar!

1.A.suddenly B.frequently

C.happily D.hurriedly

2.A.detail B.turn

C.mind D.check

3.A.attacked B.grasped

C.touched D.comforted

4.A.search B.praise

C.consult D.assist

5.A.expect B.hope

C.permit D.instruct

6.A.neighbor B.hunter

C.farmer D.enemy

7.A.attractive B.secure

C.strong D.lovely

8.A.politely B.immediately

C.fearfully D.patiently

9.A.anxiety B.embarrassment

C.joy D.anger

10.A.imported B.acquired

C.produced D.purchased

11.A.bothered B.interrupted

C.protected D.tolerated

12.A.curiosity B.memory

C.question D.appreciation

13.A.repaid B.helped

C.replied D.recalled

14.A.feeling B.position

C.gesture D.comment

15.A.complex B.similar

C.famous D.conventional

【命題意圖】本篇完形填空素材改編自Ajar Mishar的文章The Sentence of A Wise Judge– A Powerful Story From Ancient China。筆者在命題時考慮了文章立意、體裁、主題、詞數(shù)和設題點。文章體裁是記敘文，主題是引導學生以明智的方式、善良的姿態(tài)解決問題。本篇完形填空共有15 個設空，其中考查動詞6 處、名詞5 處、形容詞2 處、副詞2 處。本完形填空試題與2020 年新高考Ⅰ卷（供山東省使用）體裁一致。命題側重于引導學生對事件的發(fā)展過程進行梳理和理解，以及對情感色彩進行把握。

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了一位農(nóng)民養(yǎng)了羊，其鄰居家的狗經(jīng)常襲擊羊，農(nóng)民勸說獵人無果，向法官求助。農(nóng)民按照法官的建議，送給獵人的兒子3只小羊，獵人為了保護小羊，為狗搭建了結實的犬舍。小羊安全了，農(nóng)民和獵人也成了好朋友。故事告訴學生遇到問題時要學會轉換思路，以明智的方式、善良的姿態(tài)對待問題更有助于問題的解決！

1.B 考查副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“The farmer asked his neighbor to keep his dogs in ___2___,but he turned a deaf ear.One day the days again jumped the fence”可知，鄰居的狗追逐農(nóng)民的羊，農(nóng)民讓鄰居管好他的狗，鄰居充耳不聞。一天，狗又跳過了柵欄。由此推知狗經(jīng)常跳過柵欄。frequently 意為“經(jīng)常地”。故選B。

2.D 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“The farmer asked his neighbor to keep his dogs in ___2___ ”和“but he turned a deaf ear”可知，這個農(nóng)民讓鄰居管好他的狗，但他的鄰居卻置之不理。keep sth.in check意為“控制某事”。frequently意為“經(jīng)常地”故選D。

3.A 考查動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)下文“severely injured several of the lambs”可知，狗重傷了幾只羊，由此推知狗襲擊了羊。attacked 意為“襲擊”。故選A。

4.C 考查動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“The farmer had had enough”可知，農(nóng)民讓鄰居管好他的狗，但是鄰居充耳不聞，農(nóng)民受夠了，于是去向法官請教。consult 意為“咨詢，請教”。故選C。

5.D 考查動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“I could punish the hunter and ___5_him to keep his dogs chained”可知，法官說他可以懲罰這個獵人，命令他把狗鎖起來。instruct 意為“命令”。故選D。

6.D 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“l(fā)ose a friend”和“gain a (n) ___6___.”可知，法官對農(nóng)民說如果他懲罰這個獵人，命令他把狗鎖起來，農(nóng)民將會失去一個朋友，多了一個敵人。enemy 意為“敵人”。故選D。

7.B 考查形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)上文可知，農(nóng)民的鄰居的狗經(jīng)常跳過柵欄，并襲擊農(nóng)民的羊，法官給農(nóng)民一條建議，不僅可以讓農(nóng)民的羊安全，而且可以讓他們成為朋友” 。secure意為“安全的”。故選B。

8.B 考查副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“He took three of his best lambs and presented them to his neighbor’s sons”可知，農(nóng)民一回到家就立刻采用了法官給出的建議，贈送給鄰居的兒子三只羊。immediately 意為“立刻”。故選B。

9.C 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)下文“To protect his sons’ newly ___10_playthings,the hunter built a strong kennel (犬舍) for his dogs.”可知，獵人為了保護孩子的玩伴，為他的狗搭建了結實的犬舍，由此推知獵人的兒子有了3 只羊，非常開心。joy 意為“開心”。故選C。

10.B 考查動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)上文“He took three of his best lambs and presented them to his neighbor’s sons”可 知，農(nóng)民送給了獵人三只羊作為禮物，這三只羊即獵人的兒子新獲得的玩具。acquired 意為“獲得”故選B。

11.A 考查動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“the hunter built a strong kennel(犬舍)for his dogs”可知，獵人為他的狗搭建了結實的犬舍，從那之后，這些狗再也沒有打擾農(nóng)民的羊。bothered意為“打擾”。故選A。

12.D 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)上文可知，農(nóng)民送給鄰居的兒子三只羊，鄰居對于農(nóng)民的慷慨之舉表示感激。appreciation 意為“感激”。故選D。

13.A 考查動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)上文可知，農(nóng)民送給鄰居的兒子三只羊，獵人出于感激與農(nóng)民分享他獵到的動物，農(nóng)民送給獵人羊肉作為回報。repaid 意為“報答，回報”。故選A。

14.C 考查名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)上文農(nóng)民和鄰居的故事可知，一個人可以用善良和同情的姿態(tài)去影響別人。gesture 意為“姿態(tài)”。故選C。

15.B 考查形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】One catches more flies with honey than with vinegar! 意為：用蜜比用醋能捉住更多的蒼蠅，和“One can win over...sympathy”（用善良和同情的姿態(tài)影響別人），意思類似。similar 意為“相似的”。故選B。

【亮點句積累】One catches more flies with honey than with vinegar!（最后一段最后一句）

譯文：用蜜比用醋能捉到更多的蒼蠅！

【詞匯積累】

keep sth.in check 控制某物

turn a deaf ear 充耳不聞，不加理睬，置之不理

have had enough 受夠了

present sth.to sb.贈送某人某物

【作者單位 姓名】山東省濟南西城實驗中學 何晴晴

【讀后續(xù)寫】

I am 25 years old and some memories about Dad’s remarkable quality are impressed on my mind.

It was on a Christmas Eve when I was five years old that my dad upon arriving home from work,informed my mom and me that he would be working the next day,Christmas Day.

“WHAT DADDY? WHY? WHY DO YOU HAVE TO WORK ON CHRISTMAS DAY?”

My dad,who was the manager of his work station,calmly explained that yes,although he was not scheduled to work,he volunteered to do so.

My mom was visibly upset.“Ren,you work on Christmas day every year.Man,you are not making any Christmas memories with these kids.” The rest of the evening we were discouraged.My mom and I were both very upset with Daddy.

I awoke on Christmas morning to the sounds of Christmas songs on our huge radio that was stationed in the living room.Mom and Dad were joking about something or the other there.She had apparently forgiven him sometime over the course of the night.

It was Christmas Day! I ran straight for the living room to wish my mom,dad and brother the merriest Christmas ever!After we all greeted each other,we began our usual Christmas morning ritual（儀式）:Dad read the Christmas story.After the Christmas story,it was time to dig into the presents under the tree.It was the pink kitchen set,complete with tiny plastic pots,pans,plates,cups and a whole stove in it.It was exactly what I wanted and I was thrilled.

After breakfast,my dad departed.

My mom started on Christmas Dinner.I wanted to help her,but I was too distracted（注意力分散 的）cooking my own imaginary meal on my new kitchen set.But soon I was bored with that and I joined my mother in the kitchen.“Mom,why does Daddy never get a turn to get a holiday on Christmas? I asked.Being best friends,sometimes my mom told me things she probably shouldn’t.However,my mom did not give me a satisfactory answer this time.

The rest of the day flew slowly without Dad.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I decided to ask Dad why he chose not to celebrate with us every year.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【命題意圖】高考英語真題中的讀后續(xù)寫多選自外刊，以記敘文或夾敘夾議文為主。本篇讀后續(xù)寫素材來源于《衛(wèi)報》2020 年12 月29 日的一篇文章。文章標題是The other side of Christmas，作者是Thamar Jones。本文是一篇記敘文，文章講述了作者的父親圣誕節(jié)不在家過節(jié)而是去工作的故事。旨在考查學生的閱讀理解能力、邏輯思維能力、想象力和語言表達能力，并培養(yǎng)學生的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。

【寫作指導】

▲文章主線

已知線索：圣誕節(jié)前夕，父親說圣誕節(jié)要工作，家人聽到這個消息很不開心——圣誕節(jié)的早晨，“我”收到禮物很開心——早飯后，父親上班去了——母親在準備圣誕節(jié)晚餐，“我”百般無聊，想起父親……

▲可續(xù)寫線索

Para.1：根據(jù)續(xù)寫原文最后一段可知，作者無聊地走進廚房，向母親詢問父親圣誕節(jié)工作的原因，母親并沒有給出滿意的答案。根據(jù)續(xù)寫第一段首句可知，對“我”來說，接下來的這一天因為沒有父親的陪伴而過得很慢。所以，這一段應主要描述父親沒有參與當天的活動，“我”因為父親不在而抑郁寡歡，渴望知道父親不能在家陪伴“我們”過圣誕節(jié)的原因，和續(xù)寫第二段首句照應。

Para.2:根據(jù)原文可知，圣誕節(jié)人人都想在家慶祝，而父親每年都自愿在圣誕節(jié)這一天工作。同時，由“我”在圣誕節(jié)這一天收到自己想要的禮物可知，父親很重視這個節(jié)日。那為什么每年圣誕節(jié)父親都自愿去工作呢？結合原文第一段可知，父親的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)一直印在“我”的腦海里，所以這一段應主要描述父親替別人著想。

One possible version

The rest of the day flew slowly without Dad.During lunch when we carved the turkey,Dad wasn’t here;at night when my aunts and cousins stopped by,he wasn’t here;when we were enjoying the laughter,he completely missed it.Christmas Day came and gone and I felt pitiful for my dad.For me,volunteering to work on Christmas every year equalled that I preferred to go to school rather than take Christmas vacation.I was puzzled about Dad’s choice.

I decided to ask Dad why he chose not to celebrate with us every year.Hardly had my dad arrived home the next day when I couldn’t wait to ask.Daddy’s response impressed me a lot.Christmas is a happy time with great memories filled with love and family.The other employees all wanted the day off.It was he,the manager of the station that should bear the responsibility.Only if he led the role could more people spend a happier Christmas.Dad’s selflessness quality has a lasting effect on me.

【范文賞析】

情節(jié)方面，范文保證了文章的完整性、銜接性、合理性和融洽度。（1）完整性：在原文第一段中作者采用了倒敘的方法，講述了父親每年圣誕節(jié)都不在家過節(jié)而是去工作，范文在原文的基礎上描述了父親沒有參與當天的活動，“我”渴望知道父親不能在家陪伴“我們”過節(jié)的原因，即父親替別人著想。最后升華文章主題。（2）銜接性：范文情節(jié)銜接緊密，推動故事的發(fā)展。續(xù)寫第一段首句說這一天因為沒有父親的陪伴而過得很慢，范文接著講述圣誕節(jié)當天的活動，“我”渴望知道原因，因此詢問父親，和第二段首句銜接緊密，第二段父親的回答解答了“我”的疑問。所以，范文環(huán)環(huán)相扣，層次分明，銜接緊密。（3）合理性：圣誕節(jié)全家團聚，而父親因工作而不能陪伴，孩子為此不太開心，最后知道真正的原因后理解父親。（4）融洽度：范文注重和原文的融洽。如范文第二段和原文第一段寫父親的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)相呼應。

語言方面，續(xù)寫第一段采用排比句表達了作者圣誕節(jié)當天對父親的思念。completely,pitiful,rather than,be puzzled about,filled with,bear the responsibility 等詞或短語的使用符合高考英語對考生3500 詞的要求，和情節(jié)緊密相連，使用恰當。Hardly had my dad arrived home the next day when I couldn’t wait to ask.Only if he led the role could more people spend a happier Christmas.等倒裝句式的使用靈活、地道。