綠色亞運：規(guī)劃、設(shè)計、施工做實“綠色”

綠色亞運：即充分體現(xiàn)杭州生態(tài)環(huán)境優(yōu)美、低碳環(huán)保和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。將綠色、低碳、節(jié)能、環(huán)保理念注入到賽事籌辦組織全過程，打造“資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型”亞運會。

“綠色”不僅是杭州亞運村的一大特色亮點，也是杭州亞運會秉持的辦賽理念之一。通過綠色規(guī)劃、綠色設(shè)計、綠色施工，杭州亞運村把“綠色”文章做到實處、做在細(xì)處。

日前，杭州亞運村獲得“國家綠色生態(tài)城區(qū)設(shè)計標(biāo)識”證書，這也是浙江省首個通過國家綠色生態(tài)城區(qū)評價的項目。

先謀城? 后謀村

城市綠地和公園承載著改善生態(tài)、美化環(huán)境、傳承文化和服務(wù)市民活動的重要功能，是城市生態(tài)文明、精神文明建設(shè)的重要載體。同時，它也有效滿足廣大居民對休閑游憩空間日益增長的需求。

杭州亞運村在整體規(guī)劃思路上強調(diào)“先謀城、后謀村”，不僅滿足賽時需要，更兼顧賽時賽后功能轉(zhuǎn)化，最大程度上保證建筑體可持續(xù)利用。而通過綠色規(guī)劃打造具有幸福感的人居環(huán)境，便是題中之義。

在綠地系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃方面，杭州亞運村通過與步行道路規(guī)劃深度結(jié)合，以環(huán)形綠道串聯(lián)各功能區(qū);在視覺感官上帶給人以徜徉于亞運村的美妙體驗，豐富的城市濱水與生態(tài)綠化交相輝映，真正達(dá)到了“300米見綠，500米見園”的美好構(gòu)想。

前期設(shè)計階段，杭州亞運村便遵循因地制宜的原則，綜合亞運村所在區(qū)域的氣候、資源、環(huán)境、人文、經(jīng)濟等特點進行設(shè)計，從而達(dá)到與周邊生態(tài)環(huán)境相融合，實現(xiàn)亞運村與生態(tài)和諧共生。

在規(guī)劃布局時，杭州亞運村充分考慮城市發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護需求，從綠色健康必要指標(biāo)、先進技術(shù)應(yīng)用等方面嚴(yán)格進行審查，確保亞運村各區(qū)塊建設(shè)充分體現(xiàn)“綠色亞運”的理念。

在具體實施上，杭州亞運村展開了海綿城市專項規(guī)劃，從“滲、滯、蓄”到“凈、用、排”，建立區(qū)域內(nèi)雨水的有機循環(huán)體系，并對各建筑體進行耐久性好、易維護的土建裝修一體化設(shè)計，采用整體廚衛(wèi)、單元式幕墻、裝配式隔墻、多功能復(fù)合墻體等裝修方式。

杭州亞運村在建設(shè)中大量采用現(xiàn)代綠色技術(shù)和材料，全區(qū)域超過50%的建筑達(dá)到國家綠色健康建筑三星標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，成為浙江省首個獲得國家二星級綠色生態(tài)城區(qū)設(shè)計階段評價標(biāo)識的項目。

施工階段，杭州亞運村通過制定嚴(yán)格的施工管理預(yù)案和文明施工規(guī)范，以及常態(tài)化的專項巡查制度，對亞運村各大在建項目落實綠色施工情況進行及時監(jiān)督，把對環(huán)境的影響降到最低。

另一方面，杭州亞運村通過提升施工現(xiàn)場綠化覆蓋率，進行覆網(wǎng)作業(yè)，減少施工現(xiàn)場揚塵的產(chǎn)生，同時在施工現(xiàn)場均設(shè)置噴淋系統(tǒng)，以做到降塵除塵。

杭州亞運村憑借綠色規(guī)劃、綠色設(shè)計、綠色施工三大要點管理，厚植綠色發(fā)展基因，把綠色理念體現(xiàn)于建設(shè)前、中、后全周期，實現(xiàn)將“春風(fēng)又綠江南岸”的美好風(fēng)光鐫刻進這座新城，也讓環(huán)保和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的時代追求在這里成為又一生動現(xiàn)實。

零碳環(huán)保風(fēng)

“綠色低碳”是杭州亞運會的關(guān)鍵詞。碳，實際上看不見摸不著，那每一個場館和配套設(shè)施是否低碳怎樣衡量呢？

“我們需要一支專業(yè)化、數(shù)字化的隊伍，幫助我們了解碳從哪里來，排放到底有多少，用哪些舉措可以減少碳排。幫助我們在場館建設(shè)、運營、后期管理全過程中，實現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)降碳?！焙贾輮W體中心游泳館負(fù)責(zé)人何德海說。

為此，國家電網(wǎng)杭州供電公司聯(lián)合杭州亞組委，首創(chuàng)開展大型賽事“零碳”工程師隊伍選拔和組建。12名業(yè)務(wù)骨干收到了杭州亞組委頒發(fā)的聘書，受聘成為亞運歷史上首批“零碳”工程師。

那么這支具有能效優(yōu)化豐富工作經(jīng)驗的“零碳”工程師將如何服務(wù)亞運？

“用好信息化、數(shù)智化手段是我們這支隊伍的特色。”領(lǐng)到“零碳”工程師聘書的倪飏說，接下來“零碳”工程師將根據(jù)需要從12名擴充至23名，從而覆蓋杭州市內(nèi)43個亞運場館。

這次首批上崗的“零碳”工程師將為杭州亞運會開展亞運電氣設(shè)備運行安全檢測、效率評估、節(jié)能化改造和場館用電智慧用能監(jiān)測等專業(yè)化服務(wù)，推動實現(xiàn)首次“零碳”亞運。

倪飏負(fù)責(zé)的是對接杭州奧體中心網(wǎng)球中心、游泳館和亞運村等場館的降碳服務(wù)。

如何摸清這些場館和配套設(shè)施的碳排放“家底”，并在此基礎(chǔ)上為他們開出合理的“降碳診斷書”？

新上崗的倪飏來到亞運村，給出了一份“降碳診斷書”和一份“碳單”。這些診斷依據(jù)來自國網(wǎng)杭州供電公司首創(chuàng)研發(fā)的“雙碳大腦”。

“我們利用‘雙碳大腦‘光伏分艙，因‘館制宜地開展場館區(qū)域光伏潛力評估和規(guī)劃，提供個性化光伏方案設(shè)計，增加清潔電占比，以推動亞運零碳行動。針對亞運村區(qū)域，我們通過‘雙碳大腦分析，建議在未來社區(qū)鄰里中心投建規(guī)模為140千瓦的分布式光伏電站，一年將減少碳排放約73.4噸?！?倪飏說。

“綠電”滿全場

目前，杭州亞運會場館建設(shè)已經(jīng)接近收官，在亞運場館及亞運村建設(shè)中使用建筑垃圾再生產(chǎn)品，將會使杭州在“綠色、可持續(xù)”發(fā)展的道路上走得更遠(yuǎn)。

借助綠色亞運的契機，堅持創(chuàng)新和綠色協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，杭州亞組委工作用車以及相關(guān)保障物流用車優(yōu)先選用新能源汽車。在條件許可的情況下，盡可能地采取耗能低、排碳少的出行方式，比如乘坐公共交通工具、開節(jié)能環(huán)保車、拼車（指幾個人合乘一輛車）、騎自行車乃至步行等，減少因出行產(chǎn)生的碳排放量，即綠色出行碳減排;通過專業(yè)機構(gòu)購買碳指標(biāo)，由該專業(yè)機構(gòu)通過植樹造林或其他環(huán)保項目幫助抵消因出行產(chǎn)生的碳排放，達(dá)到保護環(huán)境的目的，即綠色出行碳中和。

打造生態(tài)文明之都也要進一步搞好“廁所革命”這一關(guān)鍵小事，要關(guān)注廁所污物的處理及對環(huán)境的壓力和影響。杭州亞運會將采用新技術(shù)進行源頭無害化處理，甚至變廢為寶，實現(xiàn)生態(tài)循環(huán)、環(huán)保可持續(xù)。

距杭州亞運會開幕還有不到一年，亞運場館和設(shè)施建設(shè)工作有序推進。9月9日，亞運會電力供應(yīng)和保障可持續(xù)性管理體系認(rèn)證證書頒發(fā)儀式在杭州舉辦。國家電網(wǎng)將通過±800千伏特高壓直流輸電、源網(wǎng)荷儲“即插即用”、能量路由、市場化碳交易等多種方式，實現(xiàn)杭州亞運會全部場館用上綠色電能。

杭州亞運會淳安亞運分村和自行車場館幕墻、賽道正在緊張施工中，與之配套的220千伏浪川變電站已將來自四川宜賓的清潔水電輸送至此。杭州奧體中心亞運場館群內(nèi)，繼“大小蓮花”之后，游泳館、體育館也將于今年年底被“綠電”點亮。

預(yù)計杭州亞運會期間，58座亞運場館和亞運村將實現(xiàn)“綠電”供能超過5000萬千瓦時，相當(dāng)于減少標(biāo)煤燃燒6100噸、減排二氧化碳1.52萬噸。

Green Asian Games

Green Asian Games： Fully showcase the beautiful ecological environment， low-carbon environmental protection and sustainable development of Hangzhou. The concepts of “green”， “l(fā)ow carbon”， “energy saving” and “environmental protection” will be fully integrated into the process of organizing the Asian Games to hold a “resource-efficient and environment-friendly” Asian Games.

“Green” is not only a highlight of the Hangzhou Asian Games Village， but also a key concept of running the Hangzhou Asian Games. Through green planning， green design and green construction， the Hangzhou Asian Games Village has executed the idea of “green” in every detail. Indeed， the Hangzhou Asian Games Village has recently been awarded the National Green Eco-City Planning Certificate， the first project in Zhejiang province to pass the national green ecological urban evaluation.

The Hangzhou Asian Games Village integrates green space with pedestrian roads， with various functional areas connected through circular greenways. In the very beginning， it was already decided that the principle of adapting measures to local conditions would be followed and the design of the village would be based on the climate， resources， environment， social as well as economic settings of the area where the village is located， so that the village could blend into the surrounding ecological environment.

To build the village， a large number of modern green technologies and materials have been adopted. During the construction， strict management plans were formulated and regular inspections were carried out so as to minimize its impact on the environment. Indeed， greeneries and sprinkler systems were put in place at the construction site to reduce the generation of dust.

Apart from “green”， “l(fā)ow carbon” is another key word of the Hangzhou Asian Games. In practice， how to make sure the venues and facilities are low-carbon， since carbon cannot be seen by naked eyes？

“What we need is a professional team with digital prowess to help us understand where carbon is coming from， how much is being emitted and what can be done to reduce it，” explained He Dehai， who is in charge of the swimming venues of the Hangzhou Asian Games. “The team will help us achieve precise carbon reduction in the process of venue construction， operation and post-games management.”

A team of 12 “zero-carbon” engineers， the first in the history of the Asian Games， was accordingly organized. How will these zero-carbon engineers serve the Asian Games？ They will provide professional services for the 2022 Asian Games， including safety inspection， efficiency assessment， energy-saving renovation and smart energy monitoring of venue electricity consumption， to realize the goal of the first-ever “zero-carbon” Asian Games.

“Making full use of digital and smart solutions is what our team is good at，” said Ni Yang， one of the “zero-carbon” engineers. But how to find out the carbon emission of these venues and facilities， and， on the basis of the findings， issue a reasonable “carbon reduction diagnosis” for them？ Ni Yang has already given such a “diagnosis” based on the “dual carbon brain” developed by State Grid Hangzhou Power Supply Company. “We use the ‘dual carbon brain and the ‘photovoltaic module to carry out assessment and planning of the venue area for photovoltaic potential and， based on the conditions of each venue， provide personalized photovoltaic scheme design to increase the proportion of clean electricity to realize zero-carbon emission for the Asian Games，” Ni introduced. “For the Asian Games Village area， we propose to invest and build a 140KW distributed photovoltaic power station in the community center， which will reduce carbon emissions by about 73.4 tons a year.”

The HAGOC prioritizes the use of new energy vehicles for its work and logistics support as well， and requires staff members choose means of transportation with low energy consumption and low carbon emissions wherever possible， for example， taking public transport， driving energy-saving and environmentally friendly cars， carpooling， riding bicycles and even walking. It also purchases carbon credits through professional institutions to offset the carbon emissions generated by travel.

In addition， human waste disposal， which may put pressure on the environment， is another major but hidden issue that should be dealt with properly. New technologies will be adopted during the Hangzhou Asian Games for the harmless treatment of the waste at the source and for its recycling. Meanwhile， it is estimated that more than 50 million kilowatt hours of “green electricity” — power generated by renewable energy — will be supplied to the 58 venues of the Asian Games and the Asian Games Village， equivalent to the reduction of coal consumption by 6，100 tons and carbon dioxide by 15，200 tons.