免疫學(xué)檢驗(yàn)感染性疾病甲肝乙肝的臨床效果

許琰 馬雪峰 孫輝

[關(guān)鍵詞] 免疫學(xué)檢驗(yàn);感染性疾病;甲肝乙肝;陽(yáng)性率

[中圖分類號(hào)] R512.6? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701（2021）25-0130-03

Clinical effect of immunological test in infectious diseases of hepatitis A and hepatitis B

XU Yan1? ?MA Xuefeng2? ?SUN Hui1

1.Department of Laboratory Medicine，Affiliated Hospital of Heze Medical College，Heze? ?274000，China;2.Medical Laboratory Teaching and Research Section，Heze Medical College，Heze? ?274000，China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the clinical effect of the immunological test on infectious diseases of hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Methods A total of 105 patients were diagnosed and treated from August 2018 to September 2020，all of whom were suffering from the infectious diseases of hepatitis A and hepatitis B.With the random method as the standard，53 patients were counted in group A，and immunological tests were performed，that is，HBV surface antibody （anti-HBs） and HBV e antigen （anti-HBeAg） were tested by enzyme immunoassay，and then HBV-DNA was quantitatively detected.In group B，52 patients were counted，and anti-human immunoglobulin M （HAV-IgM） was tested by the traditional method. The positive rates of hepatitis A，hepatitis B and the HBsAg，HBsAb，HBeAg，HBeAb and HBcAb of hepatitis B were compared. Results A total of 21 patients of hepatitis A were detected in group A （39.62%），and 7 patients were detected in group B （13.46%），and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=9.186，P<0.05）. A total of 27 patients of hepatitis B were detected in group A （50.94%），and 13 patients were detected in group B （25.00%），and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=7.491，P<0.05）.The positive rates of five items of hepatitis B in group A were higher than those in group B，and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion The immunological test for patients with hepatitis A and hepatitis B can effectively detect the diseases，and then guide the clinical treatment plan，with a high feasibility of testing.

[Key words] Immunological test; Infectious disease; Hepatitis A and hepatitis B; Positive rate

在經(jīng)濟(jì)推動(dòng)下，環(huán)境污染等問題日益嚴(yán)重，導(dǎo)致感染類疾病的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)升高。甲型肝炎病毒（Heptaitis A Virus，HAV）與乙型肝炎病毒（HepatitisB virus，HBV）是極為常見的致病菌。前者呈球形，不含有包膜，直徑約是27～31 nm，亞單位機(jī)構(gòu)共32個(gè)，共包括20面，表現(xiàn)為對(duì)稱性特征[1]。后者的環(huán)境抵抗性相對(duì)較強(qiáng)，在干燥或是熱環(huán)境下仍可以存活，感染率較前者高?，F(xiàn)階段，乙肝已成為人類健康的重大威脅，且部分患者進(jìn)展為慢性乙肝，導(dǎo)致不良預(yù)后。更有研究指出，甲肝乙肝是導(dǎo)致肝功能嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷，如肝硬化等疾病的主要原因，需要高度重視疾病的診斷與治療工作。臨床多通過抗免疫球蛋白M（Immunoglobulin M，IgM）抗體檢驗(yàn)方式檢驗(yàn)以上病毒，但是其誤診率較高[2]。免疫學(xué)是新興的自然科學(xué)，其根據(jù)免疫學(xué)理論進(jìn)行免疫學(xué)相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)，可以檢出病毒標(biāo)志物，進(jìn)而提高疾病檢出率。本研究選取2018年8月至2020年9月期間于本院診治的感染性疾病甲肝乙肝患者105例，用于分析免疫學(xué)檢驗(yàn)的臨床效用。