韓洋
摘要:新高考背景下,高考新題型概要寫作在高考中的表現(xiàn)并不理想,本文針對學生在寫作中常見的問題,提出了一些相應的寫作微策略。判斷主要信息與次要信息;例如:概括整合、概括整合、同義替換。
關鍵詞:策略;技巧;主要信息;次要信息;同義替換
一、題型解讀:
概要寫作通常為一篇350詞以內(nèi)的文章,考生按要求寫出一篇60詞左右的概要寫作,一般來講所提供的文章為議論文、說明文或者夾敘夾議的文體。旨在考察學生概括文本大意、獲取關鍵詞的能力,考生要用簡潔的語言和有限的字數(shù)來準確地表達主要信息。
二、常見問題:
寫作中學生常出現(xiàn)的問題主要集中在以下幾個方面:1.審題不清,主次要信息分辨不清;2.照搬原文中的個別句子,復寫原句;3.單一的表述,沒有高級的表達句式和用詞;4.因銜接過渡不自然或者不合理所導致的邏輯混亂;5一般性問題:字跡書寫,大小寫,語法錯誤以及單詞拼寫錯誤等。
三、應對策略:
1.審題非常重要,那么要審那些內(nèi)容,則可以審題材,審主題,審人稱,審時態(tài),審要點。因此在這一過程中能夠了解不同文體的文體特征和篇章結構就顯得尤為重要,在分清主要信息和次要信息的同時,還要判斷出句子與句子之間,要點與要點之間的邏輯關系。
2.對于杜絕抄襲原文的現(xiàn)象,就要在平時多練習同義詞和同義句的替。
3.加強基本功訓練。多背精美的篇章,練就多樣化的高級語言表達。
4.多寫多練,書寫也是非常重要的顏值與門面。
四、寫作技巧:
1.判斷主要信息與次要信息
首先要學會尋找主題句。一般情況下,主題句出現(xiàn)在段首或者段末,有時也會出現(xiàn)在段中,大度系數(shù)較大時,會需要自己提煉。我們以下面這段材料來具體分析。For years, music classes have been the ugly ducklings of school curriculums——the last courses to be added, the first courses to be cut. When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, music is unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education preference. This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.其中,F(xiàn)or years, music classes have been the ugly ducklings of school curriculums——the last courses to be added, the first courses to be cut. When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, music is unavoidably at the bottom of the list.為陳述現(xiàn)象,為文章的次要信息,然而usic is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education preference. This view is shortsighted.這一觀點則為大眾觀點,In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.段末則為作者的觀點,顯然這才是文章的主要信息。
1.概括整合
以下三個句子都是對第一個要點的總結,要求學生通過對比分析,選出哪個表述最好。a. Music classes are always seen as the least valuable one in students’ study, but it is wrong exactly.
b. Music classes, actually with benefits and importance for students, have always failed to draw students’ attention.
c. Music education is actually significant though its importance is often ignored.
通過分析不難發(fā)現(xiàn),c為最好的表述,因為主要的信息放在句子的主句,次要的信息放在從句中。
2.同義替換
一句多譯的練習要經(jīng)常訓練,要經(jīng)常進行詞匯的同義反義或者派生的轉(zhuǎn)述訓練,或者使用單個單詞來代替詞組甚至整個句子的意思。而且替換詞的地道與高級也彰顯考生的實力。我們還是通過下面的例子來說明一下具體的操作。
Though music education is thought little of by schools and students, music education is actually of great benefit and importance.其中think little of 可以替換為 ignored、neglect、underestimate,然而of great importance 可以替換為 important、significant因此可以同義替換為Though it is ignored by schools and students, music education is actually significant.
3.增分句式
對于句式單一的情況,我們要提高句子的多樣化表達,這就要用到增分句式,例如非謂語動詞的表達,省略句,強調(diào)句型,定語從句或者反向表達來為你的文章增色。
Though music education is thought little of by schools and students, it is actually of great benefit and importance.可以用定語從句將主要信息和次要信息鏈接Music education, whose value is often ignored, is actually of great benefit to students.
概要寫作任重而道遠,要想把概要寫作寫得準確并簡潔明了,需要我們從高一開始就要加強學生的個方面的訓練,只有平時都練習到位了,在最后的高考中才能有機會考出好成績。
參考文獻:
[1]黃曉輝.浙江省高考英語概要寫作題型研究[J]北京:中學外語教與學,2016(6)
[2]教育部.普通高中英語課程標準(實驗)[M].人民教育出版社,2011
(義烏二中 浙江義烏 322000)