人類如何防止自己被機(jī)器人取代？

As artificial intelligence becomes both more useful and more widespread， workers everywhere are becoming anxious about how a new age of automation might affect their career prospects.

人工智能越來越有益處，并且廣泛應(yīng)用，世界各地的從業(yè)者開始擔(dān)心，自動(dòng)化的新時(shí)代會(huì)如何影響自己的職業(yè)前景。

A study by Pew Research found that in 10 advanced and emerging economies， most workers expect computers will do much of the work currently done by humans within 50 years. Workers are clearly anxious about the effects on the job market of artificial intelligence and automation.

皮尤研究中心的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在10個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)和新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體國家中，大部分從業(yè)者預(yù)計(jì)，目前很多由人類完成的工作，將在50年內(nèi)被計(jì)算機(jī)取代。從業(yè)者普遍對(duì)人工智能和自動(dòng)化給就業(yè)市場(chǎng)帶來的影響感到擔(dān)憂。

Estimates about how much of the workforce could be automated vary from about 9% to 47%. The consultancy McKinsey estimates up to 800 million workers globally could be displaced by robotic automation by 2030. Some jobs will change dramatically， while others will disappear altogether.

關(guān)于多少崗位會(huì)被自動(dòng)化取代，預(yù)計(jì)的情況各不相同，從9%到47%不等。麥肯錫咨詢公司預(yù)計(jì)，到2030年，全球會(huì)有多達(dá)8億的工作崗位被機(jī)器人代替。一些崗位會(huì)發(fā)生重大改變，而另一些職位將會(huì)徹底消失。

So if automation makes the job market a little like a game of musical chairs， is there a way to make sure youre still employed when the music stops？ Can education help you robot-proof your career？

如果自動(dòng)化讓就業(yè)市場(chǎng)變得像一場(chǎng)搶椅子游戲，有沒有辦法能夠確保音樂停止時(shí)，你的工作還在？教育能否防止自己被機(jī)器人取代？

Future-proofing your career is less about picking a safe job and more about constantly updating your skills throughout your career， according to Northeastern University president Joseph Aoun， who wrote Robot-Proof： Higher Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence.

美國的東北大學(xué)校長、《防范機(jī)器人：人工智能時(shí)代的高等教育》的作者約瑟夫·奧恩介紹：要防止工作被機(jī)器人取代，就要在職業(yè)中不斷更新自己的技能，而不是選擇一份安穩(wěn)的工作。

He says education needs to change dramatically if workers are to adapt to this new environment. His solution， which he calls humanics， has three basic pillars：

他說，從業(yè)者們要適應(yīng)這種新環(huán)境，教育需要大改革。他給出了人類主導(dǎo)學(xué)說的解決方案，有三個(gè)基本方面——

Technical ability： understanding how machines function and how to interact with them. As both artificial intelligence and robotics become ever more capable， machines will step into roles once monopolized by humans. Some employees wont last， but others will find themselves working with machines， and probably being vastly more productive as a result. Workers with a grounding in coding and engineering principles will be better placed to thrive in this new kind of workplace.

提高技術(shù)能力：了解機(jī)器的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)原理，知道如何與機(jī)器互動(dòng)。隨著人工智能和機(jī)器人變得愈發(fā)強(qiáng)大，機(jī)器將進(jìn)入人類所有的工作中。一些員工要被機(jī)器取代，另一些員工要與機(jī)器合作，并且效率會(huì)因此大大提升。有編程和工程原理基礎(chǔ)技能的從業(yè)者更容易在這種新的工作環(huán)境中取得成功。

Data discipline： navigating the sea of information thats generated by these machines. Workers will need data literacy to read， analyze and use the almost bottomless troves of information that are increasingly guiding everything from major business decisions to stock picks to purchasing decisions.

掌握數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)用：運(yùn)用這些機(jī)器生成的數(shù)據(jù)引領(lǐng)工作。從業(yè)者需要具備數(shù)據(jù)知識(shí)，才能看懂、分析和利用龐大的信息庫。這些數(shù)據(jù)逐漸指導(dǎo)一切，不管是重大商業(yè)決策、投資股票，還是日常采購。

And the human discipline： which is what we humans can do that machines for the foreseeable future， cannot emulate. Aoun says this includes creativity， cultural agility， empathy and the ability to take information from one context and apply it to another. In educational terms， this means less emphasis on the classroom and a greater emphasis on experiential learning.

增強(qiáng)人類特有優(yōu)勢(shì)：只有人類能夠做到，未來機(jī)器也無法模仿的事情。奧恩說，這也就是人類的創(chuàng)造力、文化上的靈活性和同理心，以及在一種情景下獲取信息，并將其運(yùn)用到另一情景中去的能力。就教育而言，課堂傳授知識(shí)性的教育不再那么重要，更重要的是體驗(yàn)式學(xué)習(xí)。

The World Economic Forum suggests many white-collar jobs， like accounting， will be at risk from future automation， while the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development （OECD） says low-skilled jobs will be most vulnerable and therell still be a strong correlation between education and income. Either way， skills are becoming outdated faster than ever before.

世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇稱，類似會(huì)計(jì)等很多白領(lǐng)工作，將在未來面臨被自動(dòng)化取代的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織則認(rèn)為，低技能工作更容易受到影響，并且教育與收入仍然會(huì)密切相關(guān)。無論如何，技能更新?lián)Q代的速度在當(dāng)今比以往任何時(shí)候都快。

“A generation ago， the half-life of a skill was about 26 years， and that was the model for a career. Today， its four and half years and dropping，” says Indranil Roy， the head of the Future of Work Center of Excellence， set up by global consultancy Deloitte.

跨國咨詢公司德勤創(chuàng)立的未來工作卓越中心負(fù)責(zé)人印德爾紐·羅伊說：“上個(gè)年代，一項(xiàng)技能大概能持續(xù)26年，也是一項(xiàng)事業(yè)的循環(huán)模式。如今變成了4年半，并且還在不斷縮短?！?/p>

Aoun says the rapid pace of change isnt necessarily a negative， but it does mean youll probably never outgrow homework. It also means universities will need to shift their focus towards lifelong education and training mid-career workers.

奧恩表示，變化速度快不一定是壞事，但這意味著你可能永遠(yuǎn)都要學(xué)習(xí)。同時(shí)，大學(xué)必須把重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向終身教育和對(duì)職業(yè)中期員工的培訓(xùn)上。

Perhaps above all， Aoun says humans need to focus on skills that are harder for artificial intelligence to replicate. Specifically， that means taking knowledge from one context or discipline and applying it to another.

更重要的是，奧恩表示，人類必須把重點(diǎn)放在人工智能難以效仿的能力上。具體來說，就是獲取一種情景或?qū)W科的知識(shí)，并將其應(yīng)用到另一種情景中去的能力。

“We humans are creative， innovative， entrepreneurial. We are able to interact with other people， work with them， be empathetic. We are able to be culturally agile， work with people with different backgrounds，” He said.

“我們?nèi)祟愑袆?chuàng)造能力、創(chuàng)新能力和創(chuàng)業(yè)精神。我們能夠與他人互動(dòng)、合作，有同理心。我們能夠在文化上保持靈活性，能與全球不同背景的人合作?！彼f。

Technology is constantly upending our expectations， with change the only certainty. Roy says he is “surprised every day” at the barriers machines are breaking.

科技不斷顛覆我們的預(yù)期，變化是唯一可以確定的事。羅伊說，機(jī)器打破的障礙“每天都讓他感到驚訝”。

So perhaps its not enough to help workers survive a musical chairs-style job market. Maybe they also need to survive in one where all the chairs are constantly moving.

所以說，只幫助人們?cè)趽屢巫佑螒蜻@樣的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)中生存下來是不夠的。人們可能還需要在一個(gè)所有椅子都在不斷移動(dòng)的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)中生存下來。

Word Study

career /k?'r??（r）/ n. 生涯;職業(yè)

What made you decide on a career as an editor？

prospect /'pr?spekt/ n. 前景;展望;設(shè)想

The prospect of becoming a father filled him with alarm.

vary /'ve?ri/ v. （根據(jù)情況）變化，變更，改變

The menu varies with the season.

thrive /θra?v/ v. 繁榮;蓬勃發(fā)展

emulate /'emjule?t/ v. （計(jì)算機(jī)程序等）仿真;模仿

upend /?p'end/ v. 翻倒;倒放;使顛倒

The bicycle lay upended in a ditch.