巧用被動語態(tài)，提升書面表達

付利

被動語態(tài)是英語中一個很重要的語法點，是地道英語的一種重要表達方式。認識、掌握并恰當使用被動語態(tài)，在高考書面表達中有著重大的意義。

Step 1 真題感知

1. （2020·全國甲卷）

Last weekend， my classmates and I participated in a picking activity on the Dongshan Farm， which turned out to be meaningful and unforgettable.

Founded in the 1950s， the farm is famous and attractive， covered with a variety of fruits and colorful flowers. Many animals are raised there as well. We were divided into several groups in advance. Some filled in the baskets and others carried them to the truck. What a busy scene！ We had a short break after lunch and then went on working until 5：00 pm. At about 6：30 pm， we all arrived home， exhausted but happy.

Its through this activity that I have realized how important teamwork is. I will benefit from this experience forever.

2. （2019·全國丙卷）

Dear Allen，

Hows it going？ Im writing to invite you to take part in our coming Music Festival.

The Festival will be celebrated on June 16 in our school hall. As scheduled， it will begin at 9 am and go on to 12 am. If youre present， you will enjoy wonderful Chinese folk songs and Western music will be performed by our teachers and schoolmates. Since youre an expert in theatrical performances， were happy to have you to sing and dance on the show. If you agree to come， your performances， together with other performances， will be put on the list to let the audience know ahead of time.

Im looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

以上都是從滿分范文中選取的代表作。在這兩篇文章中，被動語態(tài)正確且恰當?shù)氖褂?，讓文章整體讀起來流暢、自然。

Step 2 語法提點

語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞的實施者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞的承受者，以下主要講述語態(tài)中的被動語態(tài)。

一、 謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)

結(jié)構(gòu)

用法舉例

1. 用被動語態(tài)將動作的承受者作為要表達的中心。

The meeting has been rescheduled because of the outbreak of COVID19.

Many of the school records were broken in school meeting held last week.

You have to choose another way because the road is still being repaired.

2. 為了禮貌起見，避免提到動作的執(zhí)行者。

Little Tom had been warned again not to be late， but he didnt listen.

My salary hasnt been paid yet.

3. 為了變換句型，讓文章的表達豐富、生動，避免單調(diào)、無聊，吸引讀者讀下去。

He put his laundry in the washing machine， and hurried to work， but when he came back， the laundry had been washed and hung on the balcony. It must have been done by his mother. At that time， his heart was filled with love and happiness.

4. 為了讓上下文自然、流暢，豐富句型，增加可讀性。

CocaCola was invented by a pharmacist named John Pemberton， whose original recipe contained cocaine. That is why the drink was named CocaCola. Today， CocaCola is a global brand that is consumed by millions of people around the world.

5. 提升文章表達。

Youre welcome to be present at the yearly papercutting exhibition. It is often held on October 1st， running for a week. Thousands of visitors are attracted to the show every year， for theyre more available during the National Day holiday to enjoy the big event.

二、 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)

結(jié)構(gòu)

用法舉例

1. 用to be done表示將來要被進行的動作。

I？蒺m writing to invite you to take part in the music show to be held next Saturday.

2. 用having been done強調(diào)該動作先于主句動作，并對主句動作造成一定的影響。

Having been introduced to Sichuan food many times， he decided to have a taste.

3. 用being done表示正在被進行的動作。

How I wish you could go with me to the Science Expo being held at the Exhibition Center， where a variety of the latest cuttingedge technologies are being exhibited. I believe it would be an exciting experience.

4. 用done表示已經(jīng)被完成的動作。

Now， its very convenient for passengers to collect tickets booked online. At the airport， the train station and the bus station， many printing machines are planted there， offering convenient ticket printing service.

Step 3 單句過手

1. （2020·全國乙卷）Mr Li? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ， including me. With thick glasses， eyes? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?with wisdom and mild nature， he is a genuine scholar.

李老師在學(xué)生中備受尊敬，包括我。他戴著一副厚厚的眼鏡，眼里充滿了智慧和溫和，是一個真正的學(xué)者。

2. （2020·全國乙卷）Unfortunately， I? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? when my mind drifted away.不幸的是，當我走神的時候，我被邀請分享我的看法。

3. （2020·全國丙卷）The play? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?in our English textbook.

這部戲劇是依據(jù)我們英語課本上一個故事改編的。

4. （2019·全國乙卷）Having known a Chinese Painting Exhibition? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? by the local art gallery， Im writing to apply to be a volunteer.

了解到當?shù)孛佬g(shù)館將舉辦中國畫展，我寫信來申請當一名志愿者。

5.（2019·全國甲卷）Im writing to tell you a piece of news that a volleyball game

on the playground this Friday afternoon.

我寫信來告訴你一個消息，這周五下午學(xué)校運動場將舉行一場排球比賽。

6. （2019·天津卷）Your earliest reply? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?.

非常感謝你的及早答復(fù)。

7. （2019·浙江卷）To my gratitude， your free time? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? in helping me polish up my oral English.

讓我感激的是，你的業(yè)余時間都花在幫助提高我的英語口語上。

8. （2018·全國乙卷）Appropriate gifts? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .

強烈推薦帶上合適的禮物。

9. （2018·全國乙卷）Table manners? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .

再怎么強調(diào)餐桌禮儀都不過分。

10. （2018·全國甲卷）An amazing English short movie about our school? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? in the library.

一部關(guān)于我們學(xué)校的很棒的英語短片將在圖書館放映。

11. （2018·全國甲卷）? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ， it will not only arouse the pride of all the students in our school， but also serve as a motivation for everyone to study hard.

按照預(yù)期，它不僅會激發(fā)全體學(xué)生對學(xué)校的自豪之情，還會成為每個人努力學(xué)習的動力。

12. （2018·全國甲卷）Every kind of feedback of the movie? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?.

屆時將鼓勵大家發(fā)表關(guān)于這部電影的各種反饋。

13. （2018·全國甲卷）The film? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?provides a brief summary of the changes that took place in our school.

以上提到的電影簡單總結(jié)了我們學(xué)校發(fā)生的變化。

14. （2018·全國甲卷）At the end of the show， you? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? to make comments about the film.

放映結(jié)束時，你將被邀請對電影做點評。

15. （2018·北京卷）Peking University? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? its language and culture course? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? for international students.

北大因?qū)ｉT向國際學(xué)生提供語言和文化課程而出名。

16. （2018·江蘇卷）Nowadays， most commodities or services? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? through certain channels.

如今，人們都是通過某些渠道來評價大部分商品和服務(wù)的。

17. （2018·江蘇卷）As we all know， most of the ratings? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?other customers?judgement on the products or service concerned.

眾所周知，大部分排名都是基于其他顧客對相關(guān)產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)的評價的。

18. （2018·江蘇卷）Another fact? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? that some of the ratings are the outcome of a careful manipulation of companies or sellers.

還有不容忽視的情況是，一些排名是一些公司或者賣家精心操作的結(jié)果。

19. （2018·全國丙卷）There is a brilliant stadium in my school， which? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?two years ago.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ， the stadium attracts a great many students after school.

我們學(xué)校有一座兩年前修建的漂亮的體育館。這座體育館設(shè)備非常齊全，吸引著很多學(xué)生課后來運動。

20. （2017·全國乙卷）The lesson? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? from 3 pm to 5 pm next Tuesday afternoon. You will learn about Tang Poetry， which reflects traditional Chinese culture and? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?by Chinese people.

這堂課將在下周二下午3點到5點開課。你會了解到唐詩——反映中國傳統(tǒng)文化、深受中國人喜愛的詩歌。

21. （2017·全國甲卷）Im writing to invite you to pay a visit to the Chinese papercutting exhibition _______________________ by our school.

我寫信是為了邀請你參加將在我們學(xué)校舉辦的中國剪紙展。

22. （2017·全國甲卷）Not only will our schools papercutting clubs works? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ， but we will also have some valuable sets of papercutting? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?.

我們學(xué)校剪紙俱樂部的作品將被展出，而且我們還要展出由著名藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作的剪紙作品。

23. （2016·全國乙卷）Id be very grateful if you could spare some time to go through my résumé and make necessary changes in the material? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?.

如果你能抽些時間幫我仔細看看我的簡歷，給附在這封信后面的材料做必要的修改，我將不勝感激。

24. （2013·重慶卷）Finless porpoises， a kind of rare and lovely animal，? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?the danger of extinction.

江豚，一種可愛、稀有的動物，面臨著滅絕的危險。

25. （2017·全國乙卷）Its high time that immediate measures? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?.

是時候立刻采取措施了。

26. （2017·北京卷）Therere two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai，? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .

長江之行和泰山之旅都被強烈推薦。

27. （2015·全國乙卷）The newspaper carries articles? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?about the cultures of their home countries.

報紙登載了朋友們寫的關(guān)于他們國家文化的文章。

28. （2015·重慶卷）Im more than delighted when learning about the project? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Bookcrossing.com where participants can share their books.

我很高興得知一個由Bookcrossing.com組織的項目，在這個網(wǎng)站上參與者們可以分享他們的書。

Step 4 語篇妙用

在下列完整的語篇練習中，適當、正確地運用謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)。

（2017·全國丙卷）假定你是李華，你所在的校乒乓球隊正在招收新隊員。請給你的留學(xué)生朋友Eric寫封郵件邀請他加入，內(nèi)容包括：

1. 球隊活動;

2. 報名方式及截止日期。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右;

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Dear Eric，

Yours，

Li Hua