陳忠富
動(dòng)詞填空題是各類大型考試常采用的重點(diǎn)題型之一,分值一般為5~20。解答動(dòng)詞填空題時(shí)考生丟分現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。那么,如何答好這種題目呢?請(qǐng)同學(xué)們悉心關(guān)注本期的《動(dòng)詞填空題答題技巧“友情贊助”》:
[??碱}型——友情通知] 動(dòng)詞填空題主要有兩種類型:一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,完成句子。二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,完成短文。
[考查范圍——友情提示] 動(dòng)詞填空題可以考查動(dòng)詞知識(shí)的方方面面,但歸納起來主要有兩大方面:一、時(shí)態(tài)。二、非謂語動(dòng)詞(包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。
[中考真題——友情展示(一)]用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,完成句子。
Jack ____ (begin) to write a book about his journey two weeks ago.
[答案與分析]填began。本題中的關(guān)鍵詞是two weeks ago,它是一個(gè)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,因此確定本句是一個(gè)一般過去時(shí)的句子,要填begin的過去式began。
[中考真題——友情展示(二)] 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,完成短文。
John likes _1_ (read) very much. His father has a library and the boy often _2_(read) books. So he often _3_ (borrow) books from the school library. He reads books when he _4_ (be) free and does nothing but read at home on weekends. Once he even _5_ (read) a novel in class because it was very interesting. Of course he couldnt hear what the teacher _6_ (say). So he _7_(fall) behind. The headmaster had a talk with him and told him _8_ (not read) novels in class. At last, he realized that he was wrong and said,“Im sorry, I _9_(not do) it again.” And now he reads books after he finishes _10_ (do) all his homework.
[答案與分析]
第1題:填 reading。 like后面習(xí)慣接V-ing形式。
第2題:填reads。由頻度副詞often可以確定用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
第3題:填borrows。理由同上。
第4題:填 is。含狀語從句的復(fù)合句的主、從句的時(shí)態(tài)要一致。主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
第5題:填 read。主句用一般過去時(shí),從句也要用一般過去時(shí)。
第6題:填 said。含賓語從句的復(fù)合句的主、從句的時(shí)態(tài)要一致。主句用一般過去時(shí),從句也要用一般過去時(shí)。
第7題:填 fell。 由上文可知用一般過去時(shí)。
第8題:填 not to read。 表示“告訴某人別做某事”,要用tell sb. not to do sth.。
第9題:填wont do。由上文可知用一般將來時(shí)。
第10題:填doing。finish后面要接V-ing形式。
[答題技巧——友情贊助]
一、看好句型定類型? “基本句型”來衡量
1. 仔細(xì)觀察題干,盡力弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu),是簡(jiǎn)單句的,要運(yùn)用“簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型”來分清句子的成分,即:主語、謂語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語(賓補(bǔ))、定語、狀語和表語;是復(fù)合句的,要分清哪部分是主句,哪部分是從句,然后仍然按照“簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型”的分析方法來分清主句和從句的成分。
2. 考查謂語動(dòng)詞,就從時(shí)態(tài)方面入手。確定時(shí)態(tài)的方法:(1)由時(shí)間狀語確定時(shí)態(tài)。 (2)由關(guān)鍵詞確定時(shí)態(tài)。(3)由上下文確定時(shí)態(tài)。(4)由句子的意義確定時(shí)態(tài)。 除此之外就是考查非謂語動(dòng)詞了。動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法很復(fù)雜,各有不同。
二、仔細(xì)觀察抓關(guān)鍵? 知識(shí)在于多積累
幾乎每個(gè)句子中都會(huì)設(shè)置一些關(guān)鍵性的詞或短語,即“關(guān)鍵詞”(如第1句中的likes, 第2句中的often等)。這些“關(guān)鍵詞”是解題的鑰匙。抓住“關(guān)鍵詞”,我們就能夠順藤摸瓜,得出正確的結(jié)論。
大家平時(shí)還要積累一些知識(shí),如enjoy, finish等的后面常接動(dòng)名詞;ask, tell, want, would like等的后面常接動(dòng)詞不定式,而且要帶to; help后面的動(dòng)詞不定式帶不帶to均可等等。
三、查漏補(bǔ)缺再檢驗(yàn)? 注意書寫也過關(guān)
答完題之后并不是無事可做,要仔細(xì)檢查一下所做的題目是否有遺漏。檢查自己拿不準(zhǔn)的題目,依據(jù)題目的特點(diǎn)和自己的聯(lián)想進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。注意所填寫的內(nèi)容要做到:1. 符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。2. 符合句子或短文的意義要求。3. 符合語法規(guī)范。4. 注意單詞的拼寫,注意大、小寫字母的寫法。
[真題專練——友情贊助(一)]
用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,完成句子。
1. —Would you please not draw on the wall?
—Sorry, I ____(not do) it again.
2. Last night, we went to the cinema and the music of the film ____ (sound) sweet.
3. Mrs White is busy ____ (make) a kite for her little daughter.
[真題專練——友情贊助(二)]
用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,完成短文。
A telephone bell suddenly woke Mrs White up. She turned on the light and 1. ____ (go) to answer it. “Your mother 2. ____ (be) ill last night, and now she is feeling worse,” said her father.
“I 3. ____ (take) her to hospital. Can you come back and help me?” Mrs White agreed.
She knew she couldnt come back by supper time. The weather was hot, and she was afraid the milk would get bad. She brought out a piece of paper and wrote, “No person??????? 4. ____ (be) in today. Please dont leave anything here.”
When she returned home at night, she??? 5. ____(find) the rooms were empty. She saw a note on the floor. It said, “Thanks a lot. We didnt leave anything here.”
考試與評(píng)價(jià)·八年級(jí)版2021年3期