Smart City: The Top Stories of 2020 2020年智慧城市杰出案例

唐玉平

Smart city technology has proven powerful at helping cities around the world battle Covid-19， and it will continue to be required throughout 2021. Lets take a look back at the top 8 most popular stories in 2020.

South Korea steps up online coronavirus tracking

Central and local governments in South Korea were among the first to employ technology to track the virus by sending real-time alerts via text message， apps and online on the number of confirmed cases of the coronavirus as well as the travel histories of those infected. In March， we reported how a “self-quarantine safety protection” app， developed by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety， allows those who have been quarantined to stay in touch with caseworkers. The Corona 100m （Co100） app， launched on February 11， had a million downloads in its first 10 days after launch.

Bogotá expands bike lanes to curb cor-onavirus spread

Also in March， the Colombian capital of Bogotá announced that it was opening 76km （47 miles） of temporary bike lanes to reduce crowding on public transport and help prevent the spread of coronavirus， as well as to improve air quality. A statement from the mayors office said： “The bicycle， being an individual means of transport， represents one of the most hygienic alternatives for the prevention of the virus， especially in this first preventive stage in which it is recommended to avoid close contact and crowds.”

LA rolls out pre-paid cards for Covid-19 financial assistance

In April， the City of Los Angeles said it would provide pre-paid debit cards to get financial assistance to the most in-need residents faster amid the pandemic. The programme was to be deployed with Accelerator for America and Mastercards City Possible1， and the partners reckon the approach could be quickly scaled to other cities. Funds were distributed via no-fee， pre-paid debit cards， enabled by City Possible， to citizens experiencing financial hardship due to Covid-19-related job losses or furloughing2.

Amsterdam adopts first city doughnut model for circular economy

In April， the City of Amsterdam published the Circular 2020–2025 strategy， which outlined actions to halve the use of new raw materials by 2030. The strategy is based on what Amsterdam reports as “the worlds first City Doughnut3” economic model. The city aims to have a completely circular economy by 2050， based on reusing raw materials to avoid waste and reduce CO2 emissions.

Singapore tops smart city ranking for second year running

In September， Singapore topped the Institute for Management Development （IMD）4 Smart City Index for the second consecutive year， followed by the Finnish capital Helsinki and Swiss city of Zurich. The ranking is based on citizens perception of the impact that technology has on their quality of lives as well as economic and technological data.

Boston launches Covid-19 data dashboards for residents

The Boston Department of Innovation and Technologys Citywide Analytics Team launched two dashboards in March that allowed residents to track the number of coronavirus cases in the city and throughout Massachusetts. Mayor Marty Walsh said： “Ensuring residents have accurate， up-to-date information about the coronavirus is critical during this challenging time. These dashboards are another resource for residents to gather information and stay informed as we follow public health guidelines to keep ourselves and each other safe.”

How 5G-powered robots are helping China fight coronavirus

Artificial intelligence has been central to many solutions developed to battle the virus. In March， we reported how China was using 5G patrol robots to monitor mask-wearing and body temperatures in public places， such as airports and shopping malls， in cities such as Guangzhou， Shanghai， Xian and Guiyang. Meanwhile， intelligent disinfection robots developed in a week from design to sample production by Siemens and Aucma were to be used in some of Chinas hospitals.

Covid-19 accelerates the adoption of smart city tech to build resilience

Also in May， a report from ABI Research highlighted how drones， new types of surveillance， digital twins5 and real-time dashboards were among the technologies emerging in new use cases6 by cities during the coronavirus pandemic. Analysis by the global tech market advisory firm showed that city governments are adjusting to a new reality with Covid-19 driving urban resilience and digital transformation strategy agendas.■

在全球各城市抗擊新冠肺炎的戰(zhàn)斗中，智慧城市技術(shù)發(fā)揮了重要作用;在整個(gè)2021年，它亦不可或缺?，F(xiàn)在讓我們回顧一下2020年里最廣為人知的八大案例。

韓國(guó)加強(qiáng)新冠病毒在線追蹤

韓國(guó)的中央和地方政府在病毒追蹤技術(shù)的最早使用者之列——通過短信、應(yīng)用程序和網(wǎng)絡(luò)，就確診病例數(shù)和感染人員的旅行史向公眾發(fā)布實(shí)時(shí)提醒。2020年3月，我們報(bào)道過由韓國(guó)行政安全部研發(fā)的一款“自行隔離安全保護(hù)”應(yīng)用程序，可使隔離人員與防疫人員保持聯(lián)系。2月11日推出的Corona 100m手機(jī)應(yīng)用上線后最初10天的下載量達(dá)到100萬(wàn)次。

波哥大延長(zhǎng)自行車道以抑制新冠病毒傳播

同樣是在3月，哥倫比亞首都波哥大宣布開放總計(jì)長(zhǎng)76公里（47英里）的臨時(shí)自行車道。這項(xiàng)舉措除了旨在改善空氣質(zhì)量，更著意于緩解公共交通人多擁擠的情況，助力疫情防控。市長(zhǎng)辦公室發(fā)布的一份聲明宣稱：“自行車作為一種個(gè)人出行工具，是預(yù)防病毒傳播最衛(wèi)生的一種出行選擇，尤其是在疫情防控的初期階段，在此階段建議大家避免近距離接觸及人群聚集?！?/p>

洛杉磯推出預(yù)付借記卡，用于發(fā)放疫情紆困金

4月，洛杉磯市宣布將向該市最困難的居民提供預(yù)付借記卡，使他們能夠在疫情期間更快地獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)助。該計(jì)劃由“美國(guó)加速器”基金和萬(wàn)事達(dá)City Possible計(jì)劃一起部署。合作者們認(rèn)為這個(gè)方法可能很快會(huì)擴(kuò)大到其他城市。借由City Possible派發(fā)的無(wú)手續(xù)費(fèi)的預(yù)付借記卡，向遇到經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的市民發(fā)放救助金，這些人因新冠疫情而失業(yè)或不得不停薪休假。

阿姆斯特丹采用首個(gè)“城市甜甜圈”模型以發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)

4月，阿姆斯特丹市發(fā)布了2020—2025年循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略。該戰(zhàn)略擬定了在2030年之前將新原材料的使用減少一半的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。它的基礎(chǔ)就是阿姆斯特丹宣布的“世界首個(gè)城市甜甜圈”經(jīng)濟(jì)模型。該市目標(biāo)是到2050年完全實(shí)現(xiàn)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)，其基礎(chǔ)是對(duì)原材料加以再利用，從而避免浪費(fèi)并降低二氧化碳的排放。

新加坡連續(xù)兩年位居智慧城市榜首

9月，新加坡連續(xù)第二年榮登洛桑國(guó)際管理發(fā)展學(xué)院的“智慧城市指數(shù)”排名榜榜首，緊隨其后的是芬蘭首都赫爾辛基和瑞士城市蘇黎世。該項(xiàng)排名不僅基于經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技數(shù)據(jù)，也基于市民如何看待科技對(duì)于他們生活質(zhì)量的影響。

波士頓為居民推出疫情實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)儀表盤

3月，波士頓創(chuàng)新和技術(shù)部的全市分析團(tuán)隊(duì)推出了兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)儀表盤，使市民可以追蹤到該市和整個(gè)馬薩諸塞州的新冠確診病例數(shù)。市長(zhǎng)馬蒂·沃爾什說：“在這個(gè)艱難的時(shí)期，確保居民獲得準(zhǔn)確的最新疫情信息是非常重要的。在我們遵守公共衛(wèi)生指導(dǎo)方針、注意自身和他人安全的同時(shí)，這兩個(gè)儀表盤為居民收集信息、了解實(shí)時(shí)疫情提供了又一種手段?！?/p>

5G機(jī)器人助力中國(guó)抗疫

對(duì)于研發(fā)出來的眾多抗疫方案，人工智能起著主導(dǎo)作用。3月，我們報(bào)道過中國(guó)利用5G巡邏機(jī)器人在廣州、上海、西安和貴陽(yáng)等城市的公共場(chǎng)所（如機(jī)場(chǎng)和購(gòu)物中心）監(jiān)測(cè)口罩佩戴情況和人體體溫。與此同時(shí)，中國(guó)的一些醫(yī)院采用了由西門子公司和澳柯瑪集團(tuán)聯(lián)合研發(fā)的智能消毒機(jī)器人——從設(shè)計(jì)到樣品生產(chǎn)，這款機(jī)器人僅耗時(shí)一周。

新冠疫情使智慧城市技術(shù)提以加速應(yīng)用以構(gòu)建城市韌性

也是在5月，ABI Research公司發(fā)布了一份報(bào)告。該報(bào)告重點(diǎn)描述了無(wú)人機(jī)、新型監(jiān)視設(shè)備、數(shù)字孿生技術(shù)和實(shí)時(shí)儀表盤如何在疫情期間成為城市用來應(yīng)對(duì)新情況的新型技術(shù)。這家全球技術(shù)市場(chǎng)咨詢公司的分析表明，各市級(jí)政府正在適應(yīng)一種新的現(xiàn)實(shí)，那就是新冠疫情推動(dòng)著城市韌性和數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型戰(zhàn)略議程。? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? □

（譯者為“《英語(yǔ)世界》杯”翻譯大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撸?/p>

1指由洛杉磯Accelerator for America基金會(huì)與萬(wàn)事達(dá)卡City Possible計(jì)劃合作發(fā)起的募款活動(dòng)（Angeleno Campaign），募集總額超過 1000 萬(wàn)美元。City Possible是由萬(wàn)事達(dá)國(guó)際組織發(fā)起的公共與私營(yíng)部門合作（public-private partnerships，簡(jiǎn)稱PPP）新模式，旨在推動(dòng)包容性金融，用支付數(shù)據(jù)改善城市規(guī)劃，實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

2 furlough強(qiáng)制……休假。? 3甜甜圈經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家凱特·雷沃思（Kate Ra-worth）開發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)模型。甜甜圈的內(nèi)環(huán)是“社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)（social foundation）”，即各類滿足個(gè)人生活基本需求和權(quán)利的因素，包括食物、水、能源、住房、教育、醫(yī)療等;外環(huán)是“生態(tài)天花板（ecological ceiling）”，包括氣候變化、海洋酸化、化學(xué)污染、生物多樣化喪失、空氣污染等。雷沃思主張把經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)控制在內(nèi)外環(huán)形成的“甜甜圈”里，保證經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)滿足人的基本需求，但不至于沖破生態(tài)天花板，破壞地球環(huán)境。? 4 即International Institute for Management Development（簡(jiǎn)稱IMD），是全球頂尖的商業(yè)管理學(xué)院，坐落于瑞士西部城市洛桑。

5 digital twin數(shù)字孿生（又稱“數(shù)字雙胞胎”），是充分利用物理模型、傳感器更新、運(yùn)行歷史等數(shù)據(jù)，集成多學(xué)科、多物理量、多尺度、多概率的仿真過程，在虛擬空間中完成映射，從而反映相對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)體裝備的全生命周期過程。? 6 use case用例，或譯使用案例、用況，在軟件工程中表示系統(tǒng)所提供的功能，描述系統(tǒng)是如何被參與者所使用的。