H 住宅

建設(shè)單位：個(gè)人

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：西班牙馬德里

設(shè)計(jì)單位：BOJAUS 建筑師事務(wù)所

場(chǎng)地面積：1 000 平方米

建筑面積：400 平方米

攝影：Joaquín Mosquera

Client:Private

Location:Madrid,Spain

Architect:BOJAUS

Site Area:1,000 m2

Building Area:400 m2

Photography:Joaquín Mosquera

H 住宅位于一片典型的馬德里近郊社區(qū)中。那里每戶的土地有限，因此房屋之間距離通常都很近。在這種情況下，我們面對(duì)的挑戰(zhàn)在于將隱私性與大面積的采光窗相結(jié)合，使室內(nèi)外區(qū)域形成連續(xù)空間，同時(shí)最大限度享受陽光照射。

地塊周邊逼近的鄰居房屋促使我們創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)由空腔，深窗和露臺(tái)組成的系統(tǒng)。這套系統(tǒng)在保證室內(nèi)采光的同時(shí)盡可能滿足了住戶對(duì)于私密性的需求。

H 住宅的體塊可以看作是與當(dāng)?shù)胤ㄒ?guī)協(xié)調(diào)后的結(jié)果：最大占地比，建筑邊界限制，與地塊的對(duì)位關(guān)系，最大高度，等等。在滿足這些規(guī)定后，我們?cè)谶@個(gè)建筑體塊內(nèi)掏空門廊和露臺(tái)，以滿足容積率要求。建筑最終如同一個(gè)純粹的長(zhǎng)方體（20x9x9 米），被各種空腔穿透而形成內(nèi)部空間。

H 住宅的主要空間是一個(gè)內(nèi)部天井。除了通過樓梯連接各樓層外，它還是組織所有房間關(guān)系的重要元素。小空間，浴室，壁櫥，儲(chǔ)藏室，廁所等輔助用房沿北面對(duì)齊布置。它們形成了一堵厚實(shí)的立面，也減少了對(duì)于其它生活空間的影響。同時(shí)，這種布局還減少了主梁的長(zhǎng)度，從而簡(jiǎn)化了房屋結(jié)構(gòu)并有助于主空間的自由組織。從縱剖面可以看出，這些小空間都通過天井和空隙形成視覺互聯(lián)。

客戶對(duì)于功能的要求與傳統(tǒng)的住宅類型并無差別。但他們對(duì)于不同空間的想法指向了一種更加自由的布局形式，在這種布局中可以發(fā)展出更加開放和模糊的功能方案。我們根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)確定的網(wǎng)格布置起居室，廚房，主臥室，工作室，次臥室等主要空間，它們都占據(jù)一個(gè)網(wǎng)格，相互等效，因此可以根據(jù)用戶需要互換。只有客廳不一樣，占據(jù)兩個(gè)網(wǎng)格。

H 住宅的設(shè)計(jì)并非目的，它是滿足家庭功能與能源需求的工具。與沿北面布置的輔助功能用房相同，各個(gè)臥室的衣柜始終緊貼立面安放，充分利用其絕熱性。天井，玄關(guān)和門廊可以控制自然光，避免陽光直射入室內(nèi)。因此盡管H 住宅內(nèi)部充盈自然光，卻不會(huì)感到耀眼或炎熱。此外，在屋頂隔熱板的幫助下，空調(diào)和地暖系統(tǒng)可以以最小能耗發(fā)揮作用。

Hose H is located in a typical suburban area near Madrid,where the houses in small individual plots are often too close to each other.In this situation the challenge was to combine certain degree of privacy with the desire of opening big windows and merging interior and exterior in a continuous space flood by natural light.

The proximity of the houses that surround the plot lead us to develop a system of voids,deep windows and patios which would allow these large openings without neglecting the equally important need of privacy.

The volume is the result of the strict application oflocal urban regulations:maximum occupation,perimeter definition,alignments,maximum height...Then,we subtract the voids,porches and patios,to this maximum volume in order to accomplish the FAR (floor area ratio).The result is a pure simple prism (20x9x9 meters) drilled by big hollow voids which generate the interior space.

The main space in H House is an interior patio which,apart from connecting the diverse levels by the stair,organizes all the different rooms.The small pieces,bathrooms,closets,storage,toilet...are aligned in the north facade,building a thick wall with a high level of isolation.At the same time this layout reduces the length of the main beams simplifying the structure of the house and assisting the free organization of the principal spaces.All of them are related to each other visually through patios and voids,as it can be observed in the longitudinal section.

The program planned by the client was the typical on a traditional house of this characteristics.Nevertheless the conception of the different spaces demanded by the client and the relationship between them aspire to a freer layout where a more open and ambiguous functional scheme could be developed. the structural layout defines a cross banded scheme of fixed dimensions where the main spaces,living,kitchen,main bedroom,studio,secondary bedrooms group...are equivalent and interchangeable depending on the user′s needs.

剖面及平面圖 Section & Plan

立面圖 Elevation

Design has been understood not as a goal,but as a tool at the service of the functional and energy needs of the home.As with the rooms located on the north fa?ade,the bedroom closets are always located on the fa?ade,taking advantage of their great insulation capacity.The patios,porches and hallways also serve to ensure privacy,to control the incidence of direct sunlight.In this way,although natural light floods the interior of the house,the direct incidence of the sun is completely controlled.In addition,the water-air air conditioning system and the underfloor heating,aided by the contribution of thermal panels on the roof,help to guarantee thermal comfort with minimal energy consumption.

實(shí)體模型 Entity model